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Unit1Wisemeninhistory知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】★必記單詞goldenadj.金的;金色的agreementn.同意;應(yīng)允doubtv.不能肯定;對(duì) 沒把握truthn.真相;實(shí)情solvev.解決;處理bowln.碗;盆metaln.金屬prisonn.監(jiān)獄;牢獄correctadj.準(zhǔn)確無誤的;正確的Olympicsn.[pl.]奧運(yùn)會(huì)potn.罐r(nóng)ealadj.真的;正宗的seemv.好像;似乎fillv.裝滿;注滿braveadj.勇敢的;無畏的certainadj.確定的;肯定的hitv.(hit,hit)(用手或器具)擊;打mistaken.錯(cuò)誤lessdet.(與不可數(shù)名詞連用)較少的;更少的★??级陶ZinancientGreece在古希臘(be)happywith(對(duì)某人或事物)滿意的fill...with...用 把 裝滿befilledwith=befullof充滿;裝滿asksbforsth向某人要某物sendsbtoprison把某人關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄makesure確保;設(shè)法保證both.and.……和……都……=bepleased/satisfiedwiththinkabout=consider考慮;思考runover溢出one.theother.一個(gè)……另一個(gè)tellthetruth說實(shí)話somethingelse別的東西bemadeof+看得見的原材料由……制成bemadefrom+看不見的原材料由……制成bemadeby+sb.被某人制成★課文解析Atfirst,hewasveryhappywithit.(1)atfirst"起初"辨析:atfirst與firstofallatfirst起初;當(dāng)初相當(dāng)于atthebeginning,與后來發(fā)生的事相對(duì)照,其反義詞組為atlast(最后,終于)firstofall首先,第一相當(dāng)于first,表示順序,是時(shí)間上或系列行動(dòng)的開始,后面往往接next,then等 ,Ididn'twanttogo,butIsoonchangedmymind. ,openthewindows,thenturnoffthegas,and訐necessary,callanambulance.(2)behappywithsb./sth意為“對(duì)某人或事物滿意的”,=bepleased/satisfiedwithsb./sthHisteacherishappywithhim.他的老師對(duì)他很滿意。SheishappywithwhatI'vedone.她對(duì)我做的很滿意。Later,however,hebegantodoubtthatitwasarealgoldencrown.however"然而"辨析:however與but,二者都有“然而,但是”的意思,其區(qū)別如下:however“然而;不過”,比較正式,可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾;其前面或后面要用逗號(hào)隔開,如在句中,其前后都要加逗號(hào)。It'sraininghard,however,they'restillworkinginthefield.雨下得很大,然而他們?nèi)匀辉诘乩锔苫?。but“但是”,表示很明顯的對(duì)比,轉(zhuǎn)折的意味比however要強(qiáng),從語序上看,but總是置于引出的分句之首。I'dliketogoswimmingwithyou,butIhavetotidythegardennow.我很想和你一起去游泳,但是我現(xiàn)在必須整理花園。begintodosth.意為“開始做某事”,同義詞組為begindoingsth.。WhencanIbegintowork?我什么時(shí)候能開始工作呢?WhenIgotthere,thesingerhadalreadybegunsinging.當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí),歌手已經(jīng)開始唱歌了。doubt此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“不能肯定,對(duì) 無把握”。Hedoubtsthetruthofthenews.他懷疑那件新聞的真實(shí)性。Idon'tdoubtthatshe'llcome.她一定來,我不懷疑?!就卣埂竣賒oubt用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“懷疑”,其后常接of,about。Shedoubtsabouteverything.她對(duì)一切都懷疑。Hedoubtsofhissuccess.他懷疑他能否成功。②doubt后接賓語從句時(shí),名詞從句用if/whether引導(dǎo),名詞從句也可用that引導(dǎo)。Idoubtif/whethershewillkeepherword.我懷疑她是否會(huì)遵守諾言。Idon'tdoubtthatwewillwin.我們會(huì)獲勝是沒有疑問的。⑷real形容詞,意為“真的,正宗的”,其副詞形式為really。Thisisarealdog,notatoy.那是一條真正的狗,不是玩具狗。辨析:real與truereal強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀存在,并非想象的或虛構(gòu)的,即某物外表與實(shí)質(zhì)之間有一致性ChristmasFatherisn'tarealperson.圣誕老人不是真實(shí)的人物。true強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)與實(shí)際情況相符,并非杜撰、捏造的,符合一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、一定模式Isittruethatheisdead?他死了,是真的嗎?1.“Isitmadecompletelyofgold?”hewondered.bemadeof"由……制成"。辨析:bemadeof與bemadefrombemadeof看得出原材料Thetableismadeofwood.這張桌子是由木頭做成的bemadefrom看不出原材料Thewineismadefromgrain.這酒是用糧食釀造的?!局锌?鏈接】Booksaremade paperwhilepaperismainlymade wood.of;of B.from;from C.of;from D.from;of“Thisproblemseemsdifficulttosolve.WhatshouldIdo?”thoughtArchimedes.seem用作連系動(dòng)詞,意為“似乎,好像”,本句中后接形容詞作表語,這種用法較常見,可以和seemtobe相互轉(zhuǎn)換。Heseemsveryangry.=Heseemstobeveryangry.他好像非常生氣。用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,可接todosthHeseemstosing.他似乎在唱歌。Archimedeswasstillthinkingaboutthisproblemashefilledhisbathwithwater.fHI???with...意為“用 把 裝滿”,其被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為befilledwith,相當(dāng)于befullof...soI'mcertainthatit'snotcompletelymadeofgold.certain用作形容詞,意為“確定的,肯定的”。常用結(jié)構(gòu):becertain+從句一定 I'mnotcertainwherehelives.我不敢肯定他住在哪兒。becertaintodosth.肯定要做某事Heiscertaintofinishthetaskontime.他肯定會(huì)按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。becertainof/aboutsth.對(duì) 確信,有把握We'recertainofsuccess.我們有把握成功。becertainofdoingsth.有把握做某事Heiscertainofwinningthematch.他確信能贏這場(chǎng)比賽。What'swrongwithit?What'swrong(withsb./sth)?是用來詢問“某人發(fā)生了什么事情或某物出了什么毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一。其同義句型為:What'sthematte/troublewith...?What'swrongwithyou?你怎么了(出什么事了)?That'swhyI'mangry.That'swhy???意為“那就是 的原因”,why引導(dǎo)的是表語從句,用陳述語序。表語從句是在句中作表語的從句,常位于連系動(dòng)詞be,look等的后面。Thealarmclockdidn'tgooff.That'swhyhewaslateforschool.鬧鐘沒有響。那就是他上學(xué)遲到的原因。HowdidArchimedesdiscoverthetruth?辨析:discover與invent這兩個(gè)詞都用作及物動(dòng)詞,都指人們首先見到新鮮事物,但含義不同。discover發(fā)現(xiàn)指發(fā)現(xiàn)或偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)原本存在的,但一直未被認(rèn)識(shí)或不為人知的東西Invent發(fā)明指創(chuàng)造發(fā)明出新的、原來并不存在的東西Recentlytheydiscoveredgold.最近他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金。Edisoninventedtheelectriclightbulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈泡。However,Helen,abravewoman,wantedtowatchhersonrun.watchsb?dosth意為“看某人做了某事或經(jīng)常做某事”,表示看見動(dòng)作發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的全過程。其中do為省略to的不定式,作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Iwatchedhergooutoftheroomjustnow.剛才我看到她從房間里出來了。注意:Watchsb.doingsth.意為“看某人正在做某事”,表示看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。其中doing為現(xiàn)在分詞,作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Hestoppedtowatchusworking.他停下來看我們干活。【拓展】和watch用法相同的動(dòng)詞(組)還有see,hear,make,feel,notice,lookat等。DidyouhearJackcallyou?你聽見杰克叫你了嗎?(動(dòng)作結(jié)束)WeoftenhearthegirlsingEnglishsongs.我們經(jīng)常挺大了那個(gè)女孩唱英文歌曲。(動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生)Iheardthesongwindblowingwhenitwasrainingheavily. 助記下大雨的時(shí)候我聽見狂風(fēng)呼嘯。(動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)一感、二聽、三讓、五看、半幫助。注釋“一感"指的是feel(感覺)“二聽"指的是listento(聽),hear(聽見)“三讓"指的是let,make,have;"五看"指的是watch,see,notice,observe,look(at);"半幫助"是指help。因?yàn)榧瓤梢哉fhelpsb.dosth.,也可以說helpsb.todosth.。Whenyouhavewrittensomething,youshouldcheckyourworktomakesurethespelling,grammarandpunctuationareallcorrect.makesure意為“確保,設(shè)法保證”,后可接賓語從句或of短語。Makesurethattheyknownothingaboutourplan.絕對(duì)不能讓他們知道我們的計(jì)劃。Theyscoredanothergoalandmakesureofvictory.他們又進(jìn)了一個(gè)球,這就贏定了。correct此處用作形容詞(=right),意為“正確的”,其副詞為correctly(正確地)?!就卣埂縞orrect用作動(dòng)詞,意為“改正;糾正” correctthemistakes改正錯(cuò)誤...writewhatkindofmistakeitis...mistake用作可數(shù)名詞,意為“錯(cuò)誤”,常用短語:makeamistake/mistakes犯錯(cuò);bymistake錯(cuò)誤地You'vemadeseveralgrammaticalmistakesinthecomposition.你在作文中犯了幾處語法錯(cuò)誤。Igotonthewrongbusbymistake.我搭錯(cuò)了公共汽車?!就卣埂縨istake還可用作動(dòng)詞,意為“弄錯(cuò),搞錯(cuò)”。常用短語:mistake...for...“把.誤認(rèn)為.”Shedidn'tspeakveryclearly,soImistookwhatshesaid.她說話不是很清楚,所以我誤解了她的意思。Heisoftenmistakenforafamousactor.他常常被誤認(rèn)為是個(gè)名演員。13.However,noonecouldfindascalelargeenough.enough此處用作副詞,意為“足夠地”,修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),要放在其后。Herunsquicklyenough.他跑得足夠快。It'swarmenoughintheroom.屋子里夠暖和了。enough后常接(for+名詞/代詞+)todosth.,意為“…足夠…做某事”。Theboxislightenoughfortheboytocarry.這個(gè)箱子足夠輕,這個(gè)男孩能搬動(dòng)。"enough作形容詞修名詞可放在其前,也可放在其后。1.央漢互譯Wehaveenoughmoney.(=Wehavemoneyenough.)我們有足夠的錢。behappywith 3.send…toprison bemadeof 7.古希臘 9.找出真相 II?英英釋義。fill...with... becertain 6.溢出 8?解決問題 10?一頂金皇冠 Thebottleisfilledwithoil,sopleasebecareful.D.isfulledofA.isfulledwithB.isfullof C.isfulledwithD.isfulledofLucyoftenfoolsheryoungerbrother,whichmakesherparentsangry.A.cheats B.beats C.tricks D.ForgivesItissaidthathisnewbookconsistsofninechapters.A.ismadeupof B.isconnectedtoC.iscoveredwith D.islocatedinHealwayscheatsher.Idoubtwhetherhewillmarryher.A.feelsure B.know C.amnotsure D.makenosureThisproblemistoodifficultformetosolve.A.writedownfindthecorrectanswerA.writedownunderstand D.speakIll?根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示寫出單詞,完成句子。However,hebegantod thatitwasarealgoldencrown.Shedesirestheg ringforherself.Iamc thatit'snotcompletelymadeofgold.Nooneknewwhichwomanwastellingthet .I'mquitein (同意)withyourdecision.Thepolicesenthimto (監(jiān)獄).Heisweakingrammar,andoftenmakesm .Ican'ts theproblemalone.Canyouhelpme?Isthis (真的)gold?Heisa (勇敢的)boy.W.用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空。Sheworea (gold)necklace.Haveyoudoneit?Tellmethe (true).Wehave (little)rainthisyearthanusual.Heseems (know)everything.Yesterdayshe (hit)himonthehead.Hewas (send)toprisonforsixyears.Ifyoucangivethe (correction)questions,youwillgetagiftfromthehost.Thisproblemseemsdifficult (solve).---Don'ttouchthepapers.--- (certain),I'llnotletthepapersbetouched.Archimedesaskedthekingforsomegoldofthesame (weigh).V.單項(xiàng)選擇。Heusedto toschoollate,butnowhedoesn't.A.go B.going C.went D.goesPlease theglass milk.A.fill;in B.filling;with C.fills;to D.fill;withAlltheChinesepeoplemustworkhard ChinaDream.A.torealize B.realize C.realizing D.realizedTheteacheraskedus footballonthestreet.A.don'tplay B.notplay C.nottoplay D.tonotplay---Haveyoureadtoday'snewspaper?---No,Ihaven't.Isthere init?A.somethingimportant B.anythingspecialC.newanything D.importantsomethingHisteacherisn'thappy hisexplanation.A.to B.in C.from D.withPudongInternationalAirportisoneof airportsintheworld.A.big B.bigger C.biggest D.thebiggestLookatthesmog(霧霾). badweatheritis!A.Howa B.How C.What D.WhataThemathsproblemissohard.Ireallydon'tknowwhat .A.do B.todo C.doing D.didDon'tjumptoaconclusion!Let's theproblemfirst.A.todiscuss B.discussed C.discussing D.discuss從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空,補(bǔ)全句子。A.aloudB.betweenC.sweepD.twiceE.PoliteF.friendlyIt'snot tomakenoiseinthemovietheater.Theman MaryandGinaismynewEnglishteacher.Couldyouplease thefloor?It'ssodirty.Pleasereadthemessage ,sothatwecanhearyou.It'sagoodhabit tobrushourteeth aday.Welikeourmathteacher,becauseheisvery tous.【句子類型】句子按使用的目的可分為四類:1、陳述句2、疑問句3、祈使句 4、感嘆句從結(jié)構(gòu)上看句子可分為三種類型:1、簡(jiǎn)單句 2、并列句3、復(fù)合句一、句子的種類(KindsofSentences)1、 陳述句:肯定句:Weloveourmotherland.我們熱愛祖國。否定句:Theydon'tgotoworkonSundays.他們星期日不上班。說明:敘述或否定一個(gè)事實(shí)或看法。2、 疑問句:一般疑問句:Areyouaworker?你是個(gè)工人嗎?Yes,Iam.是的,我是工人。Haven'tyouseenthefilm?No,Ihaven't.你沒看過這部電影嗎?沒看過。說明:以一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞be開始的問句?;卮鹨脃es或no。特殊疑問句:Whoistheman?這人是誰?WhendoyouwatchTV?你什么時(shí)間看電視?Whataretheydoingnow?他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么?說明:以一個(gè)疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語序(或稱為疑問詞加一般疑問句)(3) 選擇疑問句:Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.你要茶水還是要咖啡?哪種都行。DoeshelearnJapaneseorFrench?HelearnsFrench.他學(xué)日語還是學(xué)法語?他學(xué)法語。說明:提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的情況,選擇一個(gè)作為答案。(4) 反意疑問句:Theyaregoingtotheairport,aren'tthey?他們要去機(jī)場(chǎng),是嗎?Youhaven'tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?你沒做完作業(yè),是嗎?說明:提出情況或看法問對(duì)方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的疑問句,即前面句子肯定,后為否定;前面句子否定,后為肯定。Heseldomwenttobedatten,didhe?他很少在十點(diǎn)鐘上床睡覺?是嗎?HeknowslittleRussian,doeshe?他幾乎不懂俄語,是嗎?說明:當(dāng)陳述句部分含有never,叫hardly,seldom,little等否定意義的副詞時(shí),附加問句用肯定形式。祈使句:肯定句:Besuretogetthereateight.八點(diǎn)鐘一定要到那兒。否定句:Don'tworry.I'llhelpyouout.別擔(dān)心,我會(huì)幫助你的。說明:表示命令,請(qǐng)求,叮囑,號(hào)召等,謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。感嘆句:感嘆句通常有what,how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。what修飾名詞,how修飾形容詞,副詞或動(dòng)詞,感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感嘆句的重點(diǎn)。How+形容詞+a+名詞+陳述語序。例如:Howcleveraboyheis!他是多聰明的孩子!How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如:Howlovelythebabyis!小毛頭真可愛!What+名詞+陳述語序。例如:Whatnoisetheyaremaking!他們真吵!What+a/an+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序。例如:Whatacleverboyheis!他是多聰明的孩子!What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如:Whatwonderfulideas(wehave)!我們的主意真棒!What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如:Whatcoldweatheritis!多冷的天!Whatacleverboyheis!的省略形式為:Whatacleverboy!說明:表示說話時(shí)驚異,喜悅,氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞,how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。二、句子的類型(TypesofSentences)1、 簡(jiǎn)單句的句子的類型:一個(gè)主語+一個(gè)謂語,例:Thegirlplaysthepianoeveryday.那女孩每天彈鋼琴。兩個(gè)主語+一個(gè)謂語,例:TomandIaregoodfriends.湯姆和我是好朋友。一個(gè)主語+兩個(gè)謂語,例:Heopenedthedoorandleft.他打開門出去了。兩個(gè)主語或兩個(gè)謂語或更多,例:MrandMrsSmithwenttothemarket,boughtsomefruitandvisitedtheirfriends.史密斯夫婦去市場(chǎng),買了些水果,并看望了朋友。結(jié)構(gòu)特殊:只含有一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)詞組,例:Hello!喂! Help!Help!救命?。【让?!2、 簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型(TheBasicSentencePatterns)句型結(jié)構(gòu):主語+不及物動(dòng)詞:S+Vi.,例:Birdsfly.鳥飛 Theydisappeared.他們消失了。主+連系動(dòng)詞+表語:S+V+P,例:Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大學(xué)生。Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成為一名飛行員。主+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語:S+Vt+0,例:Helikesswimming.他喜歡游泳。Wehelpeachother.我們互相幫助。主+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語:S+Vt+0+0,例:Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。Theysentusatelegram.他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。主+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語:S+Vt+0+C,例:TheynamedtheboyJack.他們給孩子起名叫杰克。Iwanteverythingreadybyeighto'clock.我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。注:S=Subject(主語)Vi=IntransitiveVerbs(不及物動(dòng)詞)Vt=TransitiveVerb(及物動(dòng)詞)P=Predicative(表語)0=0bject(賓語)C=Complement補(bǔ)語?重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn):否定陳述句要注意下列幾點(diǎn):(1)否定陳述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no(=nota/any)構(gòu)成的,除not和no外,用具有否定意義的副詞也可構(gòu)成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly,seldom,never,little,scarcely,barely,rarely等。(2)其他成分的否定形式有些句子的結(jié)構(gòu)上屬于肯定式,但含有否定意義的詞,可分以下幾種。否定的主語:Nobodywillagreewithyou.沒人同意你的意見。Noneofthestudentslikethenovel.沒有學(xué)生喜歡這本小說。NostudentherestudiesRussian.這里沒有一個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)俄語。否定的賓語:Wesawnothinginthedarkness.在黑暗中我們什么都看不見。Hewillborrowthebookfromnobody.他從誰那都借不來這本書。

Youmustremembernottobelateforclass.你必須記住上課不準(zhǔn)遲至U。否定的狀語:Theycameherenotbybikebutonfoot.他不是騎車來的而是走著來的。Wecouldfindhimnowhere.我們什么地方也找不至他。(3)不定代詞all,both,everyone或everybody用于否定句時(shí),表示部分否定Allthetreesherearenotappletrees.(=Notallthetreeshereareappletrees.)這里的樹并非都是蘋果樹。(有的是蘋果樹,有的不是。)Bothofthesistersarenotnurses.(=Notbothofthesistersarenurses.)這姐兒倆并不都是護(hù)士。Everybodycan'tdoit.(=Noteverybodycandoit.)并不是人人都能做這件事。隨堂練習(xí)】一、陳述句和疑問句:1、 They happywhentheyhearthenews.A.will B.willbe C.were D.don't2、 ——“Isyouruncleadriver?”A.No,bu

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