虛擬語氣完整版課件

Grammar虛擬語氣

SubjunctiveMood概說

在英語中，隨著說話人意圖的不同，動(dòng)詞需要用不同的形式，英語中共有三種語氣：陳述語氣：theIndicativeMood(陳述事實(shí)）祈使語氣：theImperativeMood(提出請(qǐng)求、命令等）虛擬語氣：theSubjunctiveMood(表示主觀愿望和假想虛擬的情況）虛擬語氣

表示說話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊時(shí)態(tài)變化來表達(dá)！虛擬語氣在各種從句中的應(yīng)用●在虛擬if條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用●在其它從句中的應(yīng)用主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句

與過去事實(shí)相反。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。與將來事實(shí)可能相反。

虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中（if）的應(yīng)用通常有三種情況：與過去事實(shí)相反a.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.b.Ifhehadstudiedharderlastyear,hewouldhavegonetouniversity.c.IfIhadnotgoneshoppingyesterday,Iwouldnothavespentsomuchmoney.if條件狀語從句主句與過去事實(shí)相反haddonewould/should/could/might+havedone與過去相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：a.IfIwereLiHua,Iwoulddomoreexercise.b.Howniceitwouldbeifwewereathomenow.c.Iftherewereasmuchgoldasstone,goldwouldnotbevaluable.if條件狀語從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did/were(be動(dòng)詞只用這種形式！)would/should/could/might+do與現(xiàn)在相反與將來事實(shí)相反的情況a.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretorain

tomorrow,youwouldn’thavetogetupearlytodomorningexercises.b.Ifyouwent/shouldgo/wereto

gotothecitytomorrow,youcouldbuymesomestamps.c.IfIdid/shoulddo/weretodoit,Iwoulddo

itinadifferentway.if條件狀語從句主句與將來事實(shí)相反☆did/were☆should+do☆wereto+dowould/should/could/might+do與將來相反1.總結(jié)：虛擬語氣在if條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成if條件狀語從句主句

與過去事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反had+donedid/（be用were)☆did/were☆shoulddo☆weretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemether.2.IfIwereasrichasBillGates,Iwouldnotknowhowtospendthatmuchmoney.3.IfIdid/shoulddo/weretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.例句2.虛擬條件句中if的省略在虛擬條件句中，如果從句中謂語動(dòng)詞含有助動(dòng)were,should或had時(shí)，有時(shí)可把if省略掉，然后把助動(dòng)詞were,should或had放到主語前面。a.IfIwereyou,Iwoulddosomeexerciseafterclasseveryday.WereIyou,Iwoulddosomeexerciseafterclasseveryday.b.Ifitshouldsnowthisyear,itwouldbenice.Shoulditsnowthisyear,itwouldbenice.c.Ifhehadinvitedmetohiswedding,Iwouldhavegonetoitlastweek.Hadheinvitedmetohiswedding,Iwouldhavegonetoitlastweek.____Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.MightC.ShouldD.Must【鏈接高考】d.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisit.Wereittoraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisit.3、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬條件句(主從句時(shí)間不一致)如果條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。(一分為二！！)Ifhehadtakenthemedicineintimeyesterday,

hewouldnotbesufferingsomuchnow.一般來說，都是從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在！【鏈接高考】1.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen分析：Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you…4.含蓄(隱含條件)的虛擬條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件狀語從句，而是通過用介詞短語(with,without,butfor,otherwise)等表示出來。a.

With

yourhelp,wewouldfinishthejobearlier.=(Ifyoushould/weretohelpus)b.Icouldn’thavefinishedthejobwithoutyourhelp.=(Ifyouhadnothelpedme)c.Butfor(要不是)yourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedthejob.=(Ifyouhadnothelpedme)e.Youhelpedmealot,otherwise,hewouldhavecometotheparty.=(Ifyouhadn’thelpedmealot)1.Withoutelectricityhumanlife__quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I_____thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon【鏈接高考】二.虛擬語氣在wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中wishthat過去

haddone/hadbeen現(xiàn)在

did/were將來

would/could/mightdo注意：主句中wish從句的各種時(shí)態(tài)都不影響從句的時(shí)態(tài)。（不能用should?。㊣wished(that)wewereathome.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwould\couldgowithyoutomorrow.【鏈接高考】1.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee2."Heisaverybraveman.""Yes.IwishI___hiscourage."A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave3.---"HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?"---"No,butIwishI______."A.haveB.willC.doD.had三.asif/asthough從句中的虛擬,謂語動(dòng)詞變化的形式和wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一樣1.Helooksasifhe____________(sleep)lastnight.2.Shelooksatherhusbandasifhe________(be)astranger.3.Itseemsasifhe_____________(make)alotofmoney.hadn’tsleptwouldmakewere1.Hetalksasifhe_____alltheworkhimself,butinfactTomandIdidmostofit.A.woulddoB.doesC.haddoneD.shoulddo2.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooks

asifit_____.A.breaksB.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken【鏈接高考】四.ifonly(要是…就好了)感嘆句型,謂語動(dòng)詞變化的形式和wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句一樣現(xiàn)在were/dide.g.IfonlyIknewtheanswer!過去haddone/hadbeene.g.IfonlyIhadmetherearly!將來woulddoe.g.Ifonlyhewouldcomeearlytomorrow!Ifonlyhe______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.(2000上海)A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie【鏈接高考】五、能用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的詞1.表示“建議、命令、要求、請(qǐng)求、堅(jiān)持”等詞引導(dǎo)的主語、賓語、表語、同位語從句，都用此結(jié)構(gòu)。(1244法則)一堅(jiān)持insist，二命令order,command，四要求demand,require,request,desire四建議advise,suggest,propose,recommend動(dòng)詞名詞一堅(jiān)持insistinsistence

二命令ordercommandordercommand四建議advisesuggestproposerecommendadvicesuggestionproposalrecommendation四要求demandrequirerequestdesiredemandrequirementrequestdesire以suggest為例：主語從句1.Itissuggested(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)賓語從句2.Isuggest

(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)表語從句3.Mysuggestionis(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)同位語從句4.Ihaveansuggestion

(thattheboy(should)besentthere.)1.insist表示已發(fā)生或已存在的事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象用陳述語氣，不用虛擬，表示將來要去做的事實(shí)時(shí)候用虛擬。e.g.Hestillinsistedhe________(notbe)thereatthetime.Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoney.

Theyinsistedthattheboy____________(go)withthemtomorrow.2.suggest表示“暗示，表明”時(shí)，不用虛擬(就是看意思)。e.g.Thelatestfiguressuggestthatbusinessisimproving.Hisworksuggeststhatheisreadyformoreresponsibility.insist與suggest的特殊用法wasn’tdidn’tsteal(should)go【鏈接高考】1.Thecommanderorderedthatthewounded______tohospitalrightaway.A.tobesentB.besentC.sendD.shouldsend2.Theyrequestedthathe____ontheradio.A.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.wouldspeak3.Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandsthey_______putforwardareturneddown.A.couldB.wouldC./D.had(2006福建)4.Teachersrecommendparents______theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow5.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody___therules.A.obeysB.willobeyC.obeyD.wouldobey6."Theexperimenthasfailed.""Isuggestyou_____again."A.tryingB.willtryC.tryD.wouldtry7.Heinsistedthathe_______inthecase.A.hadn’tinvolvedB.weren’tinvolvedC.hadn’tbeeninvolvedD.wasn’tinvolved8.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies____tothevillagewithoutdelay.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent2.Itisnecessary/important/strange/surprisingthat…Itisapity/ashame/nowonder…that…(這類主語從句表示“驚訝、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此”等意思.)e.g.It’snaturalthatshe(should)doso.It’ssurprisingthathe(should)havedone

suchwrongtoanoldman.五.能用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的句型Itisstrangethathe______lateforschoolyesterday.A.shouldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.hadbeenD.willbe六.Itis(high/about)timethat句型

were/did

shoulddo(不能省略?。?！)【例】該是上學(xué)的時(shí)候了。It’stimeforustogotoschool.Itistimethatwewent/shouldgotoschool.e.g.It’shightimethatwestudents_____evenharderatourlessonsasthenationalentranceexaminationiscomingnearer.A.workB.willworkC.workedD.havetoworksb.七.主語+wouldrather+賓語從句

didsth.(現(xiàn)在/將來)e.g.Wewouldratherthatwecameheretomorrow.Wewouldratherthatyouwerenotherenow.

haddonesth.(過去)e.g.Iwouldratherthatshehadn’tdoneitthen.

sb.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.(2010江蘇)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【鏈接高考】