2022-2023學(xué)年新疆阿圖州第一中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期中英語試題原卷版+解析版無聽力音頻無聽力原文

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年新疆阿圖州第一中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期中英語試題（原卷版+解析版，無聽力音頻無聽力原文）克州一中2022-2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中考試試卷

高二年級(jí)英語

(考試時(shí)間120分鐘滿分150分)

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對(duì)話。毎段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatdidthewomandoyesterday

A.Shesawadoctor.B.Shewenttoaclass.C.Sheworkedatahospital.

2.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Hotelclerkandguest.B.Husbandandwife.C.Employeeandboss.

3.Whenwilltheflighttakeoff

A.At5:00pm.B.At6:30pm.C.At7:30pm.

4.What’stheman’sattitudetowardthewoman’sidea

A.Interested.B.Opposed.C.Surprised.

5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout

A.Aninjuredman.B.Drunkdriving.C.Anemergency.

第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，分22.5分)

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Howwastheweatherrecently

A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.

7.Wherewillthespeakersmostprobablygothismorning

A.Ahorsefarm.B.Arepairshop.C.Apark.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題

8.Wheredidthemanenjoyhimselfthemost

A.InJapan.B.InSingaporeC.InFrance

9.Whatdidtheman’smotherespeciallylikedoing

A.ExperiencingJapaneseculture.

B.Skiinginamountain.

C.Learningaboutfashion.

聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。

10.Whywasthewomaninthewaterthatday

A.Shewasinadivingcontest.

B.Shewasfeedingseaanimals.

C.Shewastrainingawhale.

11.Whathappenedtothewoman

A.Shegotinjuredunexpectedly.

B.Shelostherbreathingequipment.

C.Shegotnumbnessinhertwolegs.

12.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardMila

A.ConcernedB.Thankful.C.Disappointed.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Howdidthewoman’shusbandhelpherwithherfirstbook

A.Byencouraginghertowrite.

B.Byofferingsomecharacterstoher.

C.Bysharinghisinspirationaboutthetheme.

14.Whatdoesthewomanmainlywritefor

A.Pupils.B.Adults.C.Teenagers

15.Whichbookwaswrittenbythecouple

A.ConnectTheStarsB.LoverWalkedInC.BelongToMe.

16.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace

A.Ataradiostudio.B.Atabookstore.C.Ataschool.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題

17.Howdidthespeakerbecomeamodel

A.Shewasfoundbyanagency.

B.Shemajoredinmodeling.

C.Sheturnedtoanagency.

18.Whatproblemdidthespeakerface

A.Lookingveryfat.

B.Havingnoworkasamodel.

C.Havingverylimitedtimeforstudy.

19.Whatmadethespeakerfeelhappyagain

A.Thejoyofregularreading.

B.Therealizationofherdream.

C.Animportantlessonfromabook.

20.Whatdoesthespeakerattachimportancetonow

A.Runningherownagency.

B.Regainingherconfidence.

CStudyinginschool.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)

A

Thoughthefollowingskiresorts(旅游勝地)listedarelesswell-known,goingskiingthereisexcitingforeveryonethisseason.

BearValley,CA

BearValleyisoneofthelesswell-knownskiresortsinCaliforniawhencomparedtopopularresortslikeMammothMountainandSquawValley.Thisskiareahasrunsthatsatisfytheneedsofnearlyeveryonewithorwithoutexperience.Skierswillfind1,280acresofskiableareaswithanaverageannualsnowfallofover350inches.Thereareevensnowcattoursthattakeadventurousskierstotheterrain(地帶)thatishardertoaccessbutlesstracked.

JayPeak,VT

LocatedinJay,Vermont,JayPeakisthesnowiestskiareaontheeastcoast,averaging355inchesofsnowfallannually.JayPeakisknownforitschallengingterrainandgoodbackcountryskiing.ThepeakisbestknownforgettingsomeofthemostsnowontheEastCoast.

BigMountain,MT

LocatedoutsidethetownofWhitefish,whichoffersplentyoffunafteralongdayofskiing,BigMountainhasover3,000acresofterrain,withalmost100markedtrailsandplentyofbowlandtreeskiing.Skierswillfindasummitelevationatover6,800feet,andaverticaldropofalmost2,500feet.

SchweitzerMountain,ID

SchweitzerMountainisoneofIdaho’sgreatestskiingtreasures.VisitorswillenjoytheviewsofLakePendOreille,andcanvisitthelovelytownofSandpointafteralongdayofenjoyingthesnow.Thereisanannualaveragesnowfallof300inches,andover90trails.Schweitzerevenhasopenbowlskiing,catskiing,andevennightskiing.

1.WhatmakesBearValley,CAspecial

A.Itisthesnowiestskiarea.B.Itsuitsskiersofanyexperiencelevel.

C.Itisthehardestforskierstoaccess.D.Ithasaverysplendidhistory.

2Whichresortprovidesthenightskiing

A.BearValley,CA.B.JayPeak,VT.

C.SchweitzerMountain,ID.D.BigMountain,MT.

3.Forwhomisthetextintended

A.Skifans.B.Environmentalscientists.

C.Geographyresearchers.D.Mountainclimbers.

【答案】1.B2.C3.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)不太知名但令人興奮的滑雪勝地。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisskiareahasrunsthatsatisfytheneedsofnearlyeveryonewithorwithoutexperience.(這個(gè)滑雪場(chǎng)的滑雪道幾乎可以滿足所有有或沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人的需求。)”可知，加州的熊谷滑雪場(chǎng)最特別的地方在于它適合任何經(jīng)驗(yàn)水平的滑雪者。故選B。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thereisanannualaveragesnowfallof300inches,andover90trails.Schweitzerevenhasopenbowlskiing,catskiing,andevennightskiing.(這里的年平均降雪量為300英寸，有90多條滑雪道。斯威澤山甚至有開放式碗式滑雪、雪貓滑雪，甚至還有夜間滑雪。)”可知，愛達(dá)荷州的斯威澤山滑雪場(chǎng)有夜間滑雪。故選C。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thoughthefollowingskiresorts(旅游勝地)listedarelesswell-known,goingskiingthereisexcitingforeveryonethisseason.(雖然以下列出的滑雪勝地不太知名，但這個(gè)季節(jié)去那里滑雪對(duì)每個(gè)人來說都是令人興奮的。)”以及文章主要內(nèi)容可推知，文章主要為滑雪愛好者所寫。故選A。

B

Warm-bloodedspeciesareevolving(進(jìn)化)tohavelargerbeaks,legsandearstoregulatebodytemperatureastheplanetwarmsup,newstudysuggests.Thescientistsbehindthestudywarnthephysiologicalchangesdonotmeananimalsarecopingwithclimatechange.Ifanimalsfailtocontroltheirbodytemperature,theycanoverheatanddie.

Someanimalsinwarmerclimateshavehistoricallyevolvedtohavelargerbeaksorearstogetridofheatmoreeasily.Alargerwing,earorbeakrelativetobodysizegivessmalleranimalsagreatersurfaceareatoloseexcessheat.SeveralspeciesofAustralianparrothaveshowna4-10%increaseinsizesince1871,whichcorrelateswiththerisingsummertemperaturesovertheyears,thestudysays.

Thescientistsdosayit’shardtoputtheclimateastheonlycauseofshapeshifting,butthatotherexamplesofspecieschangingshowtheeffectofheat.Woodmiceareevolvingtohavelongernails,maskedshrewsaregettinglongertailsandlegs,andbatsinwarmclimateshavebiggerwings.Thestudysuggeststhatshapeshitingislikelytocontinueastheclimatebecomeswarmerbecausehighertemperatureswillinfluencethedemandonanimalstoregulatetheirbodytemperature.

“Shapeshiftingdoesnotmeanthatanimalsarecopingwithclimatechangeandthatallisfine,”Sarasays.“Itjustmeanstheyareevolvingtosurviveit,butwerenotsurewhattheotherecologicalconsequencesofthesechangesare,orthatallspeciesarecapableofchangingandsurviving.Theclimatechangethatwehavecreatedisheapingawholelotofpressureonthem,andwhilesomespecieswilladapt,otherswillnot.”

4.Whythewarm-bloodedspeciesareevolvingtobelarger

A.Tocopewithclimatechange.

B.Toregulatetheirbodytemperature.

C.Tocontroltheirbodytemperature.

D.Togrowup.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“correlates”inparagraph2referto

A.Change.B.Evolve.C.Relate.D.Control.

6.Whatdoesshapeshiftingmeans

A.Animalsarecopingwithclimatechange.

B.Animalsallarefine.

C.Animalsareevolvingtosurvive.

D.Animalsarelargerandlarger.

7.WhatcanbeinferredaccordingtoSara’opinion

A.Shapeshiftingiscausedbyclimatechange.

B.Allspeciesarecapableofchangingandsurviving.

C.Protectenvironmentisveryimportant.

D.Onlythefittestcansurvive.

【答案】4.C5.C6.C7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在溫暖氣候中的動(dòng)物進(jìn)化出了更大的喙或耳朵，它們這種變形并不意味著動(dòng)物正在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，這只是意味著它們正在進(jìn)化以生存。這給我們一個(gè)警示：我們?cè)斐傻臍夂蜃兓o它們帶來了很大的壓力，因而保護(hù)環(huán)境顯得非常重要。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thescientistsbehindthestudywarnthephysiologicalchangesdonotmeananimalsarecopingwithclimatechange.Ifanimalsfailtocontroltheirbodytemperature,theycanoverheatanddie.”（這項(xiàng)研究背后的科學(xué)家警告說，生理變化并不意味著動(dòng)物正在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。如果動(dòng)物不能控制體溫，它們可能會(huì)過熱而死亡。）可知，溫血?jiǎng)游锓N類進(jìn)化的更大，不是意味著動(dòng)物正在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，它們變化是為了要控制體溫，否則它們可能會(huì)因?yàn)檫^熱而死亡。故選C。

【5題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Someanimalsinwarmerclimateshavehistoricallyevolvedtohavelargerbeaksorearstogetridofheatmoreeasily.Alargerwing,earorbeakrelativetobodysizegivessmalleranimalsagreatersurfaceareatoloseexcessheat.”（歷史上，一些生活在溫暖氣候中的動(dòng)物進(jìn)化出了更大的喙或耳朵，以便更容易地散熱。相對(duì)于體型而言，較大的翅膀、耳朵或喙使體型較小的動(dòng)物有更大的表面積來散發(fā)多余的熱量。）可知，溫暖氣候使動(dòng)物進(jìn)化出了更大的喙或耳朵，使動(dòng)物更容易地散熱，可得出動(dòng)物體型增大是與氣溫升高相關(guān)；結(jié)合劃線詞所在句前文“SeveralspeciesofAustralianparrothaveshowna4-10%increaseinsizesince1871,whichcorrelateswiththerisingsummertemperaturesovertheyears,thestudysays.”（研究表明，自1871年以來，澳大利亞幾種鸚鵡的體型增加了4-10%，這與多年來夏季氣溫的上升correlates）可知，澳大利亞的幾種鸚鵡體型的增加與多年來夏季氣溫的上升有關(guān)，因此，劃線詞的含義為“有關(guān)”，故選C。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Shapeshiftingdoesnotmeanthatanimalsarecopingwithclimatechange”（變形并不意味著動(dòng)物在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化）及“Itjustmeanstheyareevolvingtosurviveit”（這只意味著它們?cè)谶M(jìn)化以生存下去）可知，動(dòng)物體型的變化意味著它們要通過這種進(jìn)化進(jìn)而得以生存。故選C。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Shapeshiftingdoesnotmeanthatanimalsarecopingwithclimatechangeandthatallisfine,”Sarasays.“Itjustmeanstheyareevolvingtosurviveit,butwerenotsurewhattheotherecologicalconsequencesofthesechangesare,orthatallspeciesarecapableofchangingandsurviving.Theclimatechangethatwehavecreatedisheapingawholelotofpressureonthem,andwhilesomespecieswilladapt,otherswillnot.””（“變形并不意味著動(dòng)物正在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，一切都很好，”薩拉說。“這只是意味著它們正在進(jìn)化以生存，但我們不確定這些變化的其他生態(tài)后果是什么，也不確定所有物種都有能力改變和生存?！蔽覀?cè)斐傻臍夂蜃兓o它們帶來了很大的壓力，雖然有些物種會(huì)適應(yīng)，但有些物種不會(huì)。”）可知，動(dòng)物們體型的變形意味著它們正在進(jìn)化用以生存。但我們不能確定所有物種都有能力改變和生存。我們?cè)斐傻臍夂蜃兓o它們帶來了很大的壓力?？赏浦Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境是重要的。故選C。

C

TropicalnationshaveneverwonamedalattheWinterOlympics.Butthishasnotstoppedmoreandmorecountriesfromstrivingtobreakthisfate.Atthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing,someofthesecountriesare“comingforgold”.Let’scheckthemout.

FromArabianDunestoIceSlopes

FayikAbdi,24,wasSaudiArabia’sonlyrepresentativeattheWinterOlympicsandcompetedinalpineskiing.TheWinterOlympics,whichopenedintheChinesecapitalonFebruary4,wasthefirstparticipationinSaudiArabia’shistory.InthispartofSaudiArabia,snowfallingfromtheskyisararity,enoughtomakenewsallovertheworld.

So,howdidAbdigethereHisOlympicdreamhadanunusualstart.Abdiinitiallyrespondedtoanad,likemorethan100otherapplicants.ItwashandedoutbythenewlyestablishedSaudiArabianWinterSportsFederation,lookingforpotentialcandidatestojointheOlympicteam.Abdilearnedtoskiattheageoffour,andwhenhewasincollegeintheUnitedStates,hetooktotheslopeswheneverhehadtime.Andhisjourney,asatrendrepresentativeofmoreandmore“snowless”countriesparticipatingintheWinterOlympics,isaperfectfit.WhenthefirstWinterOlympicswereheldin1924,only14EuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStatesandCanadaparticipated.BythelastWinterOlympicshostedbyPyeongchang,SouthKorea,in2023,arecord92countrieshadparticipated.

JamaicaSnowTeam

Whenitcomestoa“l(fā)ayoutcountryparticipatingintheWinterOlympics”,youoftenthinkofJamaica,aCaribbeanislandcountry,mainlybecauseHollywoodhadamovieCoolRunningsin1993.ThefilmisbasedontheJamaicanfour-personsnowteamatthe1988CalgaryWinterOlympicsinCanada.Thefilmnotonlyentertainedaudiencesallovertheworld,butalsoinspiredother“snowlesscountries”totryitout.

AlthoughJamaicahadparticipatedinthetwo-personsnowmobileeventinseveralWinterOlympicssincethen,theBeijingWinterOlympicswasthefirsttimethecountryhadparticipatedinthemen’sfour-personsnowmobileeventsincetheNaganoWinterOlympicsin1998.

InBeijing,theCaribbeanislandnationalsohadamen’sduosledteam,whileJazmineFenlator-Victoriacompetedinthewomen’ssled.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rarity”meaninParagraph2

A.Somethingcommon.B.Somethingrare.

C.Somethingexpensive.D.Somethingimportant.

9.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue

A.Abdilearnedtoskiwhenhewassix.

B.OnlyfourteencountriestookpartinthefirstWinterOlympics.

C.MoreandmorecountriesparticipateintheWinterOlympics.

D.ThemovieCoolRunningsisbasedontheJamaicanfour-personsnowteamatthe1998NaganoWinterOlympicsWinterOlympics.

10.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom

A.Asciencefiction.B.Anovel.

C.Atravelguide.D.Asportmagazine.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage

A.Snowlesstropicalnationswanttofightforgold.

B.JamaicaSnowTeamcompetedinWinterOlympicsinBeijing.

C.DifferentWinterOlympicsinhistory.

D.BeijingWinterOlympics.

【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道的是在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)上，一些熱帶國家也為了金牌而戰(zhàn)。

【8題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“InthispartofSaudiArabia,snowfallingfromthesky(在沙特阿拉伯的這個(gè)地區(qū)，從天而降的雪)”以及下文“makenewsallovertheworld(成為全世界的新聞)”可推測(cè)，劃線單詞的意思和“少有”或者“珍貴”有關(guān)，才可以成為全世界的新聞。選項(xiàng)B“Somethingrare(罕見的事物)”符合句意。故選B。

【9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenthefirstWinterOlympicswereheldin1924,only14EuropeancountriesandtheUnitedStatesandCanadaparticipated.BythelastWinterOlympicshostedbyPyeongchang,SouthKorea,in2023,arecord92countrieshadparticipated.(1924年第一屆冬奧會(huì)舉行時(shí)，只有14個(gè)歐洲國家和米國、加拿大參加。截至2023年韓國平昌舉辦的上屆冬奧會(huì)，共有創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的92個(gè)國家參加。)”可知，越來越多的國家參加冬奧會(huì)。故選C。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“TropicalnationshaveneverwonamedalattheWinterOlympics.Butthishasnotstoppedmoreandmorecountriesfromstrivingtobreakthisfate.Atthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing,someofthesecountriesare“comingforgold”.(熱帶國家從未在冬奧會(huì)上獲得過獎(jiǎng)牌。但這并沒有阻止越來越多的國家努力打破這種命運(yùn)。在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)上，其中一些國家將“為金牌而來”。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，這篇文章和體育運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)。由此可知，文章選自體育雜志。故選D。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“TropicalnationshaveneverwonamedalattheWinterOlympics.Butthishasnotstoppedmoreandmorecountriesfromstrivingtobreakthisfate.Atthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijing,someofthesecountriesare“comingforgold”.(熱帶國家從未在冬奧會(huì)上獲得過獎(jiǎng)牌。但這并沒有阻止越來越多的國家努力打破這種命運(yùn)。在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)上，其中一些國家將“為金牌而來”。)”以及文章中提到的“阿拉伯”和“牙買加”選手可知，文章主要講述的是一些從未下過雪的熱帶國家也開始為金牌而戰(zhàn)。故選A。

D

Cigarettesaren’tjustharmfulwhenthey’rebeingsmoked.Evenwhencigaretteendsgooutandarecold,newresearchhasfoundtheycontinuetogiveoffharmfulchemicalsintheair.Inthefirst24hoursalone,scientistssayausedcigaretteendwillproduce14percentofthenicotinethatanactivelyburningcigarettewouldproduce.

Whilemostofthesechemicalsarereleasedwithinadayofbeingputout,ananalysisfortheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)foundthelevelofnicotinefellbyjust50%fivedayslater.

“Iwasabsolutelysurprised,”saysenvironmentalengineerDustinPoppendieckfromtheUnitedStatesNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).“Thenumbersaresignificantandcouldhaveimportantimpactswhencigaretteendsaredealtwithindoorsorincars.Whilemuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothehealthinfluenceoffirst-hand,second-handsmoking,theimpactofthecigaretteendshasbeenpaidlittleattention.”

Tomeasureemissionsfromthisforgottenthing,Poppendieckandhisteamplaced2,100cigarettesthatwererecentlyputoutinsideaspecialroom.Oncetheendsweresealedaway,theteammeasuredeightchemicalscommonlyproducedbycigarettes,fourofwhichtheFDAhavetheireyeonforbeingharmfulorpotentiallyso.

Aftersettingtheroom’stemperature,theresearcherstestedhowemissionschangedundercertainconditions.Whentheairtemperatureoftheroomwashigher,forinstance,theynoticedtheendsproducedthesechemicalsathigherrates.Inotherwords,leavingashtraysoutfordays,especiallyintheheat,seemslikeabadidea,andcouldpotentiallyexposesmokerstoevenmoreharmfulchemicalsthanwethought.

12.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphone

A.Cigaretteendscontainnonicotine.

B.Cigaretteendsstillproducenicotinefivedayslater.

C.Cigaretteendsgiveoffnicotinefordays.

D.Cigaretteendscreateasmuchnicotineasburningcigarettes.

13.WhatdoPoppendieck’swordssuggest

A.First-handsmokingdoesmostharm.

B.Thefindingsarewithinhisexpectation.

C.Cigarettesshouldbedealtwithindoors.

D.Healthinfluenceofcigaretteendsisignored.

14.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’attitudetonotcleaningashtraysfordays

A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Unconcerned.D.Puzzled.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A.UsedCigaretteEndsReleaseHarmfulChemicals

B.CigarettesAreMoreHarmfulWhileBeingSmoked

C.ResearchFoundReasonsForCigaretteEnds’Harm

D.CigaretteEndsProduceMoreChemicalsintheHeat

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使煙頭熄滅并冷卻，它們?nèi)詴?huì)在空氣中釋放有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Cigarettesaren’tjustharmfulwhenthey’rebeingsmoked.Evenwhencigaretteendsgooutandarecold,newresearchhasfoundtheycontinuetogiveoffharmfulchemicalsintheair.Inthefirst24hoursalone,scientistssayausedcigaretteendwillproduce14percentofthenicotinethatanactivelyburningcigarettewouldproduce.(香煙不僅在被吸的時(shí)候有害。新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使煙頭熄滅并冷卻，它們?nèi)詴?huì)在空氣中釋放有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。科學(xué)家表示，僅在最初的24小時(shí)內(nèi)，用過的煙頭產(chǎn)生的尼古丁就相當(dāng)于一支正在燃燒的香煙產(chǎn)生的尼古丁的14%。)”可知，煙頭在熄滅冷切后仍然會(huì)釋放尼古丁好幾天。故選C。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Iwasabsolutelysurprised,”saysenvironmentalengineerDustinPoppendieckfromtheUnitedStatesNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).“Thenumbersaresignificantandcouldhaveimportantimpactswhencigaretteendsaredealtwithindoorsorincars.Whilemuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothehealthinfluenceoffirst-hand,second-handsmoking,theimpactofthecigaretteendshasbeenpaidlittleattention.”(“我非常驚訝，”米國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與技術(shù)研究所(NIST)的環(huán)境工程師DustinPoppendieck說?！斑@些數(shù)字很重要，如果在室內(nèi)或汽車中處理煙頭，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生重要影響。雖然人們對(duì)一手吸煙和二手煙對(duì)健康的影響給予了很多關(guān)注，但對(duì)煙頭的影響卻很少關(guān)注?！?”可知，Poppendieck認(rèn)為人們對(duì)煙頭的影響關(guān)注度不夠。故選D。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inotherwords,leavingashtraysoutfordays,especiallyintheheat,seemslikeabadidea,andcouldpotentiallyexposesmokerstoevenmoreharmfulchemicalsthanwethought.(換句話說，把煙灰缸放在外面幾天，尤其是在炎熱的天氣里，似乎是個(gè)壞主意，而且可能會(huì)讓吸煙者接觸到比我們想象的更多的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。)”可推斷出，不贊成幾天不清洗煙灰缸。故選B。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Cigarettesaren’tjustharmfulwhenthey’rebeingsmoked.Evenwhencigaretteendsgooutandarecold,newresearchhasfoundtheycontinuetogiveoffharmfulchemicalsintheair.Inthefirst24hoursalone,scientistssayausedcigaretteendwillproduce14percentofthenicotinethatanactivelyburningcigarettewouldproduce.(香煙不僅在被吸的時(shí)候有害。新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使煙頭熄滅并冷卻，它們?nèi)詴?huì)在空氣中釋放有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。科學(xué)家表示，僅在最初的24小時(shí)內(nèi)，用過的煙頭產(chǎn)生的尼古丁就相當(dāng)于一支正在燃燒的香煙產(chǎn)生的尼古丁的14%。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹的是煙頭熄滅并冷切后也會(huì)釋放有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選A。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Asmostofusknow,talkingtoandlisteningtoparentsdon’talwaysgosmoothly.Emotionsandpastexperiencescangetintheway.Sincecommunicationisatwo-waystreet,somedependsonyourparentsandsomeofwhathappensdependsonyou.Thewayyoutalkcaninfluencehowwellaparentlistenstoandunderstandsyou._____16_____

Beclearanddirect.

Beasclearasyoucanaboutwhatyouthink,feel,andwant._____17_____Theycanlistenbetterorbemorehelpfuliftheyunderstandwhatyoumeanspecificallyandwhat’sreallygoingon.

Behonest.

Ifyou’realwayshonest,aparentwillbelikelytobelievewhatyousay._____18_____Ifyousometimeshidethetruthoraddtoomuchdrama,parentswillhaveahardertimebelievingwhatyoutellthem.

_____19_____

Usingafriendlyandrespectfultonemakesitmorelikelythatparentswilllistenandtakewhatyousayseriously.Ofcourse,thisishardforanyofuswhenwe’refeelingheatedaboutsomething.Ifyouthinkyouremotionsmightgetthebetterofyou,dosomethingtoletoffsteamandcalmdownbeforetalking.

Trytounderstandtheirpointofview.

Ifyouhaveadisagreement,canyouseeyourparents’sideIfyoucan,sayso._____20_____

A.Trynottoargue.

B.Communicateasoftenaspossible.

C.Ifyoulie,they’llfindithardtotrustyou.

D.Makecarefulpreparationsbeforetalkingtoyourparents.

E.Herearesomeguidelinestoconsiderhowtotalktoparents.

F.Givedetailsthatcanhelpparentsunderstandyoursituation.

G.Tellingyourparentsthatyouunderstandtheirviewsandfeelingshelpsthembewillingtoseeyours,too.

【答案】16.E17.F18.C19.A20.G

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了有助于和父母交流的四種方法。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Sincecommunicationisatwo-waystreet,somedependsonyourparentsandsomeofwhathappensdependsonyou.”（由于交流是雙向的，有些取決于你的父母，有些則取決于你自己。）”可知，與父母的交流方式也會(huì)影響交流的成效。結(jié)合下文四個(gè)黑體字部分可知，下文講述的是一些方法。因此空處應(yīng)總說，講述下文就是一些方式。選項(xiàng)E.“Herearesomeguidelinestoconsiderhowtotalktoparents.”（以下是一些關(guān)于如何與父母交談的指導(dǎo)方法。）符合題意，故選E。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)前文“Beasclearasyoucanaboutwhatyouthink,feel,andwant.”（盡可能清楚地表達(dá)你的想法、感受和愿望。）”可知，本段講述的是要清楚的表達(dá)你的需求。F選項(xiàng)“Givedetailsthatcanhelpparentsunderstandyoursituation.”（提供能幫助父母了解你的情況的細(xì)節(jié)。）順接上文，符合題意，故選F。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Behonest.”（要誠實(shí)）可知，本段講述的是要保持誠實(shí)對(duì)于和父母交流的重要性。C選項(xiàng)“Ifyoulie,they’llfindithardtotrustyou.”（如果你撒謊，他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難信任你。）說明撒謊的結(jié)果，即表明要誠實(shí)，符合題意，故選C。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)下文“Usingafriendlyandrespectfultonemakesitmorelikelythatparentswilllistenandtakewhatyousayseriously.”（使用友好和尊重的語氣會(huì)讓父母更有可能傾聽并認(rèn)真對(duì)待你所說的話。）可知，和父母說話時(shí)用友好且尊重的語氣會(huì)讓父母更有可能傾聽并認(rèn)真對(duì)待你所說的話，因此本段講述的是和父母交流時(shí)的語氣和態(tài)度問題。A選項(xiàng)“Trynottoargue.”（盡量不要爭(zhēng)吵。）選項(xiàng)中“notargue”與下文中“afriendlyandrespectfultone”相呼應(yīng)，故選A。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題“Trytounderstandtheirpointofview.”（試著理解他們的觀點(diǎn)。）可知，本段講述的是要從父母的角度理解他們。選項(xiàng)G.“Tellingyourparentsthatyouunderstandtheirviewsandfeelingshelpsthembewillingtoseeyours,too.”（告訴你的父母，你理解他們的觀點(diǎn)和感受，有助于他們也愿意理解你的觀點(diǎn)和感受。）提到了理解父母帶來的好處有助于他們也愿意理解你的觀點(diǎn)和感受，符合題意，故選G。

第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)

第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Mobilephonesarenoweverywhere.Theyarea(n)_____21_____wayforustokeepintouchwithfriendsandfamily._____22_____,itisimportanttoknowthatthereare_____23_____timeswhenyoushouldnotbeusingyourphone,themostimportantofthesebeing_____24_____.

Thereisnoreasonwhyyoushouldfeelthe_____25_____tohaveyourmobilephoneduringclass.Aren’tyouatschoolto_____26_____Youshouldnotbesendingyourfriendstextmessagesortakingphonecalls_____27_____youareinclass.

InAmericastudentswouldneverbe_____28_____tousetheirmobilephonesduringclass.Anyone,who_____29_____theruleworldbekickedoutofclassatonce.ItisOKtohaveyourmobilephonewithyou,butyoumust______30______toturnitoff.Itisvery______31______tohearalotoftonesandringingduringclass.

Asa(n)______32______inChina,Ihavetodealwithstudentsusingmobilephoneseveryday.Ihavetoldmyclasstoturnofftheirphones,butmanystudentsdonot______33______.Thedesiretobe______34______allthetimeseemstobestrongerthanthedesiretolearn.

It’s______35______tounderstandwhyitissotemptingtohaveyourphoneonduringclass.Itwon’t______36______anyonewhenyou’resendingashorttextmessage,willitButyoumay______37______behurtingyourselfwhenyoudothis.Sendingatextmessagealsotakesyour______38______awayfromwhat’sgoingoninclass,soyoumaymisssomething______39______.Thenexttimeyou______40______tosendamessageinclassyoushouldthinkagain.

21.A.newB.greatC.wrongD.strange

22.A.HoweverB.BesidesC.AtfirstD.Otherwise

23.A.happyB.certainC.freeD.early

24.A.athomeB.inhospitalC.atschoolD.indanger

25.A.changeB.needC.wayD.effort

26.A.playB.fightC.helpD.learn

27.A.unlessB.onceC.beforeD.though

28.A.orderedB.invitedC.allowedD.sent

29.A.followsB.doubtsC.makesD.breaks

30.A.rememberB.failC.continueD.prepare

31.A.boringB.excitingC.disturbingD.normal

32.A.reporterB.doctorC.engineerD.teacher

33.A.listenB.mindC.knowD.laugh

34.A.savedB.heardC.connectedD.accepted

35.A.easyB.funnyC.difficultD.impossible

36.A.killB.interestC.satisfyD.hurt

37A.partlyB.actuallyC.quicklyD.suddenly

38.A.breathB.feelingC.attentionD.courage

39.A.importantB.unbelievableC.surprisingD.terrible

40.A.regretB.promiseC.planD.forget

【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.C25.B26.D27.B28.C29.D30.A31.C32.D33.A34.C35.A36.D37.B38.C39.A40.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。主要談?wù)摿藢W(xué)生在課堂上使用手機(jī)這一問題。

【21題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們是讓我們跟朋友和家人保持聯(lián)系的一種很好的方式。A.new新的；B.great很棒的；C.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)上文“Mobilephones”及客觀事實(shí)可知，手機(jī)是一種很好的聯(lián)系方式。故選B。

【22題詳解】

考查介詞短語和副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，重要的是要知道，有些時(shí)候你不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)，其中最重要的是在學(xué)校。A.However然而；B.Besides此外；C.Atfirst首先；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)空前“Theyarea(n)___1__wayforustokeepintouchwithfriendsandfamily”和下文“itisimportanttoknowthatthereare__3__timeswhenyoushouldnotbeusingyourphone”可知，空格前后兩句話是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填However。故選A。

【23題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，重要的是要知道，有些時(shí)候你不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)，其中最重要的是在學(xué)校。A.happy開心的；B.certain某些的；C.free免費(fèi)的，自由的；D.early早期的。根據(jù)下文“whenyoushouldnotbeusingyourphone”可知，這里主要討論某些時(shí)間是不能用手機(jī)的。故選B。

【24題詳解】

考查介詞短語辨析。句意：然而，重要的是要知道，有些時(shí)候你不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)，其中最重要的是在學(xué)校。A.athome在家里；B.inhospital在醫(yī)院；C.atschool在學(xué)校；D.indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中。根據(jù)下文“Thereisnoreasonwhyyoushouldfeelthe____5____tohaveyourmobilephoneduringclass”可知，這里指在學(xué)校。故選C。

【25題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有理由讓你覺得上課時(shí)需要帶手機(jī)。A.change變化；B.need需要，必要；C.way方法；D.effort努力。根據(jù)下文“Aren’tyouatschoolto____6____Youshouldnobesendingyourfriendstextmessagesortakingphonecalls____7____youareinclass.”可知，沒有帶手機(jī)的必要。故選B。

【26題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你來學(xué)校難道不是來學(xué)習(xí)的嗎？A.play玩耍；B.fight打架；C.help幫助；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)上文“atschool”和常識(shí)可知，來學(xué)校是為了學(xué)習(xí)的。故選D。

【27題詳解】

考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦上課了你就不應(yīng)該給你的朋友發(fā)信息或者打電話。A.unless除非；B.once一旦；C.before在……之前；D.though雖然。根據(jù)空格后“youareinclass”可知，一旦你上課了，你就不應(yīng)該用手機(jī)發(fā)信息或打電話。故選B。

【28題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在米國，絕不允許學(xué)生在課堂上使用手機(jī)。A.ordered定購，點(diǎn)餐，命令；B.invited邀請(qǐng)；C.allowed允許；D.sent發(fā)送。根據(jù)下文“Anyone,who____9____theruleworldbekickedoutofclassatonce.”可知，不允許學(xué)生在課堂上使用手機(jī)。故選C。

【29題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：任何違反規(guī)定的人都會(huì)被立刻趕出教室。A.follows跟隨；B.doubts懷疑；C.makes制造；D.breaks違反，打破。根據(jù)空格后“bekickedoutofclass”和常識(shí)可知，違反了規(guī)定的人會(huì)被趕出教室。故選D。

【30題詳解】

考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨身攜帶手機(jī)是可以的，但是你必須記得關(guān)機(jī)。A.remember記得；B.fail失敗；C.continue繼續(xù)；D.prepare準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)下文“Itisvery____11____tohearalotoftonesandringingduringclass.”可知，上課聽見手機(jī)響不好，所以上課時(shí)要記得關(guān)機(jī)。故選A。

【31題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：上課期間聽到此起彼伏的鈴聲是一件令人心煩的事。A.boring無聊的；B.exciting讓人興奮的；C.disturbing讓人心煩的；D.normal正常的。根據(jù)空格后“hearalotoftonesand