新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第四冊第二單元B篇原文和翻譯1215

unit2?BTh?ePol?itica?lCar?eero?faF?emale?Poli?ticia?nMod?esta?ndso?ft-sp?oken,?Agat?haMu?thoni?Mbog?o,24?,is?hardl?ythe?imag?eof?arev?oluti?onary?.Yet?,six?mont?hsag?o,sh?edid?amo?stre?volut?ionar?ythi?ng:S?hera?nfor?mayo?rofEmbu,??Keny?a,an?dwon?.Ms.?Mbog?o'sv?ictor?ywas?even?more?surp?risin?gbec?ause?shew?asvo?tedi?nbyher?c?ollea?gueson?th?eDis?trict?Coun?cil,?allm?en.F?orth?etho?usand?sofwomen??int?hisf?armin?gare?atwo?hours?nor?theas?tof?Nairo?bi,M?s.Mb?ogos?udden?lybe?camea?sym?bolo?fthe?incr?easin?glyp?owerful?po?litic?alfo?rcew?omen?have?becom?einKenya??andacros??sAfr?ica.Ms.?M?bogolaunc??hedh?erdr?eamo?fac?areer?inp?oliti?csin?1992?byr?unnin?gfor?theEmbu?Counc??il,f?acing?theobsta??cles?that?often?trou?bleA?frica?nwom?enru?nning?forpolit??icaloffic??e.Sh?ehad?litt?lemo?ney.?Sheh?adno?poli?tical?expe?rienc?e.Sh?efac?edri?dicul?ousq?uesti?onsa?bouther?p?erson?alli?fe."?Myop?ponen?tkep?tins?istin?gtha?tIw?asgo?ingto?get?marr?iedt?osom?ebody?ina?nothe?rtow?nand?move?away?,"Ms?.Mbo?gosa?id.M?s.Mb?ogoa?lsof?acedmisun??derst?andin?gamo?ngth?etow?n'sw?omen,?many?ofw?homi?nitia?llyw?ereu?nwill?ingt?ovot?efor?her.?Shebecam??ean?ambas?sador?for?women?'spo?litic?alri?ghts,?givi?ngsp?eeche?sbef?orew?omen'?sgro?upsa?ndgo?ingf?romd?oort?odoo?r,ha?ndbag?inh?and,spend??ingh?oursat?atime?givin??gac?ombin?ation?ofs?peech?and?gover?nment?less?on."?Iwas?deli?ghted?when?shewon?t?heel?ectio?n,because??men?elect?edhe?r,"s?aidL?ydiah?Kima?ni,a?nEmb?ufar?mera?ndpolitic??alac?tivis?t."I?twas?theanswe??rto?mypr?ayers?beca?usei?tsee?medt?obea?vic?toryover?this?idea?that?'wome??ncan?'tle?ad'."?Educ?ation?ofA?frica?nwom?enha?sbec?omea?topprior??ityf?orpo?litic?alac?tivis?ts.One?or?ganiz?ation?has?held?dozen?sofworks??hopsin?ru?ralKenya?to?help?wo?menu?nders?tand?then?ation?'sco?nstit?ution?and?thep?roced?uresand?t?heory?behi?ndademoc??ratic?poli?tical?syst?em.O?neve?teran?fema?lepo?litic?alac?tivis?tsai?dtha?tman?ywom?enha?dnot?been?taug?htth?ebas?icso?fpol?itica?lpar?ticip?ation?.The?yare?taug?htto?vote?forthe?o?newh?o"gi?vesy?oua?half-?kilo?sack?offl?our,?200g?rams?ofsa?lt,o?ral?oafo?fbre?ad"d?uring?thecampa??ign,said?the?a?ctivi?st.W?omen?polit?ician?sand?acti?vists?saythey?are?f?ighti?ngde?eplyheld?cultu??ralt?radit?ions.?Thos?etra?ditio?nste?acht?hatA?frica?nwom?enco?ok,c?lean,?take?care?ofc?hildr?en,s?owan?dhar?vest?crops?and?suppo?rtth?eirh?usban?ds.T?heyt?ypica?llyd?onot?inhe?ritl?and,divor??ceth?eirh?usban?ds,c?ontro?lthe?irfi?nance?sorhold?polit??icaloffic??e.Ye?t,po?litic?alac?tivit?yamo?ngKe?nyan?women?isn?otanew?p?henom?enon.?Duri?ngth?estr?uggle?forindep??enden?cein?the?1950s?,Ken?yanw?omenoften??secr?etlyprovi??dedt?roops?with?weap?onsa?ndsp?iedo?nthe?posi?tions?ofc?oloni?alfo?rces.?Butafter??inde?pende?nce,leade??rsje?alous?top?rotec?tthe?irpo?wers?hutt?hemo?utof?poli?tics,?asi?tuati?onre?peate?dacr?osst?heco?ntine?nt.T?oday,?men?still?have?the?upper?hand?.Wom?enin?Keny?amak?eup60?pe?rcent?oft?hepe?ople?whov?ote,?buto?nly3?perc?ento?fthe?Nati?onalAssem??bly.No?Ke?nyanwoman??hasever??held?acab?inet?post.?Agai?nstt?hatb?ackgr?ound,?Agat?haMb?ogob?eganher?p?oliti?calc?areer?.Aft?erwi?nning?her?counc?ilse?at,s?hede?cline?das?poto?nthe?educ?ation?andsocia??lser?vices?comm?ittee?afte?rac?ollea?guec?alled?it"?awom?an'scommi??ttee"?.She?inst?eadj?oined?the?town?plann?ingc?ommit?tee,?amuc?hmor?evis?ibleassig??nment?.The?nlas?tyea?r,sh?edec?ided?toch?allen?geEm?bu's?mayor?,av?etera?npol?itici?an.M?s.Mb?ogos?aids?heha?dbec?omef?rustr?ated?becau?seth?edon?orgr?oupsthat?provi??desu?bstan?tialaid?t?oKen?ya'srural??area?s"di?dnot?want?toc?omeh?ere".?"Weweren??'tse?eingthing??sdon?efor?thecommu??nity,?"she?said?."It?was?asca?ndal—the?dono?rs'm?oneyseeme??dtobe?go?ingt?oind?ividu?als."?Afte?raf?ierce?camp?aign,?the?counc?ilel?ected?her,?7to?6.S?hesa?idwo?meni?nEmb?ucel?ebrat?ed.M?enwe?repu?zzled?;som?ewer?e

2?4歲的阿加莎?·墨丹妮·姆波戈，?為人謙虛，?談吐溫柔，?算不上是個?革命者的形?象。hos?tile.?They?aske?d,"H?owco?ulda?llof?thos?emen?vote?for?awom?an?"?sher?ecall?ed.M?s.Mb?ogoh?asno?tmet?with?thekinds??ofa?busethat?other??fema?lepo?litic?ianshave?been?subje??ctedto,?h?oweve?r.So?meha?vesa?idth?eirs?uppor?ters?ares?ometi?mesa?ttack?edwi?thcl?ubsa?fterralli?es.?L?astJ?une,?Kenya?npol?icea?ttemp?tedt?obre?akup?awo?men's?poli?tical?meet?ingn?orthw?esto?fNai?robi,?insi?sting?itw?asil?legal?and?might?star?tar?iot.When?the1?00wo?men,?inclu?ding?amem?bero?fthe?Nati?onal?Assem?bly,?refus?edto?go,offic??erst?ored?ownt?heirbanne??rsan?dbea?tthe?mwit?hclu?bsan?dfis?ts,w?itnes?sesr?eport?ed.I?ncon?trast?,Ms.?Mbog?ogen?erall?yrec?eives?warm?gree?tings?from?the?meno?fEmb?u,an?dman?ysay?they?arenow?g?ladt?heco?uncil?chos?eher?.Don?orgr?oups?aren?owfu?nding?proj?ectsin?Em?buin?earn?est.A?new?mark?etis?goin?gup?downt?own.?A200?-bedsecti??onfo?rnew?-moth?ersi?sbei?ngad?dedt?othe?hosp?ital.?Ado?rmito?ry-st?yleh?omeh?asbe?enbu?iltf?orth?edoz?enso?fhom?eless?stre?etch?ildre?nwho?once?wand?ered?thec?ity.?Ms.M?bogois?es?pecia?llyp?roudof?th?emar?keta?ndth?ehos?pital?beca?use"?they?have?anim?pacton?wo?men".?Att?hecu?rrent?mark?et,w?herehundr??edso?fpeo?ple,?shade?dbyumbre??llas,?layout?f?ruits?andveget??ables?,one?pers?onwh?osel?lsle?mons?said?shel?ikedthe?n?ewma?yor."I?fe?elli?keif?Iha?veaprobl??em,I?can?goto?her?offic?e,"s?hesa?id."?Theo?thermayor??shou?ted.He?ac?tedl?ikea?nemp?eror.?Hed?idno?twan?tto?hear?mypr?oblem?s."Nearby??,am?ansa?idhe?foun?dMs.?Mbog?oar?efres?hing?chang?e."I?'mti?redo?fmen?,"he?said?,wat?ching?over?hispile?of?on?ions.?"The?ygiv?eus?soma?nypr?omise?s,bu?tthe?ydon?'tde?liver?thegoods??.Aslong?as?sh?ekee?psgi?ving?uswh?atwe?want?,she?isa?llri?ght."?然而就在?6個月前，她做了?一件極富革?命性的事情??：她參加了?肯尼亞恩布?市的市長競選，并且當(dāng)?選。更令人?感到意外的?是，姆波戈??女士是由區(qū)?議會的同事?們投票選出?的，而那些人全是男性?。在肯尼亞?乃至整個非?洲，婦女的??政治力量日?益壯大。恩?布市是一個位于內(nèi)羅畢?東北部的農(nóng)?業(yè)地區(qū)，距?內(nèi)羅畢兩個??小時的車程?。對于生活?在此地的數(shù)千婦女來說?，姆波戈成?了這種力量?的標(biāo)志。?1?992年，?姆波戈女士?開始追尋她的?從政夢想?，她競選了?恩布市議員?。像其他打?算從政的非?洲婦女一樣?，她面對著?：她?缺錢，沒?有政治經(jīng)驗?，要回答許?多關(guān)于她個?人生活的荒?唐問題。她?說：“我的對?手一口咬?定我要與外?市的人結(jié)婚?并搬走?！?姆波戈還要?面對本市婦?女的解?，她們中間有許多?人?起初并不愿?意為她投票?。她成為捍?衛(wèi)婦女政治?權(quán)利使者，?向婦女團體發(fā)表演?說?或者挎著手?提包挨家挨?戶去做演講?，并給他們?講解體，一?講就是數(shù)小時。?“她勝?出我很高?興，因為是?男人們選舉?了她，”恩?布市的一位?農(nóng)民政治活動家利迪?·基曼尼如?是說?！斑@?正是我期望?的結(jié)果，因?為它似乎戰(zhàn)?勝了?女人當(dāng)不了?領(lǐng)導(dǎo)?者?這種觀?念?！狈侵?婦女的教育?已經(jīng)成為政?治活動家們?著重考慮的問題?。有個?機構(gòu)已經(jīng)在?肯尼亞農(nóng)村?舉辦了十幾?次研討會，?目的是幫助?婦女理解國民主?政治制度?的程序及?理論。一位?資深的女政?治活動家說?，許多婦女?連參政的最基本知識都??沒學(xué)過。她?說，有人教?她們，在競?選運動中誰?“給你半?公斤面很多阻礙諸多誤的政亞?家憲法以及粉、200?克食鹽或?一條面包?”，就投票選?誰。婦女政治活?動?家們說她們?正在與根深?蒂固的文化傳統(tǒng)作斗爭?。這些?傳統(tǒng)要?非洲婦女做?飯、打掃?屋子、照管?孩子、種莊?稼、收莊稼、支持丈夫?。她們?通常不?能繼承土地，不?能與?丈夫離婚，?不能理財，?也不能從政?。然而，肯?尼亞婦女從?事政治活動?并不是什么?新現(xiàn)象。在?20世紀(jì)5?0年代

爭取獨立的斗爭?中，肯尼亞?婦女就經(jīng)常?秘密地為部??隊提供武器?并監(jiān)視殖民?軍的陣地。但是獨立之?后，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者?們惟恐失去?自己的權(quán)力??，將婦女排?斥在政界之?外。這種現(xiàn)象在非洲大?陸隨處可見?。今天，男?性仍占有優(yōu)??勢?？夏醽?婦女占選民?人數(shù)的60?%，但在國民大會中的?席位僅有?3?%。從來沒有一位肯尼??亞婦女擔(dān)任?過內(nèi)閣職務(wù)。在這種背?景下，阿加?莎