形容詞與副詞的原級(jí)和比較級(jí)的用法及習(xí)題

Adj.adv.用來(lái)對(duì)名詞或某些代詞在性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)等方面加以修飾的詞。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容詞?在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分．e.g.Heisagoodstudent.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.當(dāng)形容詞修飾由some-,any-,no-,every-構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí),形容詞要放在這些不定代詞的之后.e.g.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?作定語(yǔ)Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.常與感官系動(dòng)詞連用：look,taste,smell,sound,feel,seem,become,get,turn,go等Thecaketastesdelicious.作表語(yǔ)形容詞和賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)．Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Colouritgreen.有一些形容詞前+the后，具有名詞詞性?？梢宰髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Therichshouldhelpthepoor.作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)有些形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)。sleeping定語(yǔ)asleepingboyasleep表語(yǔ)theboyisasleep.定語(yǔ)：sick,live,little等區(qū)別表語(yǔ)：ill,alive,alone等句子中的位置形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，分為前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)。

大部分形容詞可以做前置定語(yǔ)。anoldAmericanlady形容詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)。Theboyunderthetreeismybrother.形容詞按音節(jié)可分為：

多音節(jié)詞雙音節(jié)詞單音節(jié)詞形容詞級(jí)別可分為：

原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)形容詞的級(jí)原級(jí)：即形容詞的原形。small,good,pretty,big,many比較級(jí)：兩個(gè)人或物之間的比較。smaller,better,taller,older,more最高級(jí)：三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物之間的比較。smallest,tallest,newest,best少數(shù)形容詞只有原形，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如right,wrong,woolen(羊毛制的)等。Thistreeisas____asthattree.Thegreenbagisas____asthered.Thispenisnotas____asthatpen.tallbiglong原級(jí)比較是說(shuō)明兩個(gè)人物或事物的程度是一樣當(dāng)兩個(gè)人或兩件事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)程度不一樣，就要用到形容詞比較級(jí)，也就是詞尾-er形式，比較級(jí)常常用than來(lái)連接被比較的兩個(gè)人或事物。e.g.Iamshorterthanyou.比較級(jí)比較是區(qū)分兩個(gè)人物或事物的程度不一樣

最高級(jí)一般用于三者（或三者以上）之間的比較?！白睢薄?/p>

Chinaisthelargestofthecountries.Johnisthetallestintheclass.

YaoMingisJordan.Jordanistall.YaoMingistaller.Jordan2.26m1.98mtallerthanZengZhiweiisshort.PanChangjiangisPanChangjiangisZengZhiwei.shorter.shorterthanLiuHuanisheavy.FeiMaoisFeiMaoisLiuHuan.80kg90kgheavier.heavierthanLinXinruisthin.LiuYifeiisLiuYifeiisLinXinru.45kg48kgthinner.thinnerthanmoreoutgoingLiYongisChenglong.ChengLongisoutgoing.LiYongismoreoutgoing.outgoingmoreoutgoingthanathleticChengLongismoreathletic

thanLiXiaopeng.LiXiaopengisathletic.ChengLongismoreathletic.moreathleticfunny,serious,smart,calm,wild,big,fat,outgoing,athletic,dirty,heavy,thin,tallsmarterfunnierheavierdirtierbiggerthinnerfattermoreoutgoingmoreseriousmoreathleticcalmerwildertaller找規(guī)律：形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成一、規(guī)則變化（一）

單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的變化規(guī)則

（1）一般在詞尾加-er,-est。

smart—smarter,smartesthigh—higher,highestsmall—smaller,smallest

tall—taller,tallest

long—longer,longest(2).以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的，直接加-r,-st.

nice—nicer,nicestfine—finer,finest(3).以“輔音字母＋ｙ結(jié)尾的”，把ｙ變ｉ，再加-er,-est。early—earlier,earliesthappy—happier,happiesteasy—easier,easiestheavy—heavier,heaviestfunny—funnier,funniest(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母，再加-er,-est.如“胖瘦大熱紅傷濕”等

fat—fatter,fattest thin—thinner,thinnestbig—bigger,biggest hot—hotter,hottestred—redder ,reddestsad—sadder,saddestwet—wetter,wettest(5)以–ow,-er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，加-er,-est.

clever—cleverer,cleverestnarrow—narrower,narrowest(二）多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞或副詞在原級(jí)前加more,most。popular--morepopular,mostpopulardifficult--moredifficult,mostdifficultbeautiful--morebeautiful,mostbeautifulinteresting—moreinteresting,

mostinteresting

slowly—moreslowly,mostslowly特例（1）由“動(dòng)詞+后綴-ing/-ed”構(gòu)成的形容詞，在詞前加more,most.

interesting--moreinteresting,mostinteresting

exciting--moreexciting,

mostexcitingbored--morebored,mostboredrelaxed--morerelaxed,mostrelaxedtallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞可加-er或-est規(guī)則變化betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不規(guī)則變化巧記：特殊形式比較級(jí)共有三對(duì)二合一壞病兩多并兩好little意思不是小一分為二有兩個(gè)一是老來(lái)二是遠(yuǎn)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則和不規(guī)則。變化如下：(二)不規(guī)則變化部分不規(guī)則形容詞或副詞good/well----bettermany/much----morebad/badly/ill----worselittle----lessfar----farther/furtherold----older/elder巧記：（1）特殊形式比較級(jí)共有二對(duì)二合一外加一對(duì)三合一壞病兩多并兩好little意思不是小一分為二有兩個(gè)一是老來(lái)二是遠(yuǎn)（2）二好，二多，三壞一少，一老，一遠(yuǎn)

old→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→early→delicious→friendly→important→hungry→healthy→outgoing→good\well→little→older／elderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercoolerearliermoredeliciouslessbettermoreoutgoinghealthierhungriermoreimportantmorefriendly講述某人或某物自身情況時(shí)用原級(jí)?？梢孕揎椩?jí)的詞：very,too,so,more,quite,alot,alittle,enough,rather等基本句型

(1)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+形容詞原級(jí)+….Heisveryoldnow.他現(xiàn)在很老了。Theweatherlooksratherbad.天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟Iamsohappy.我是如此的快樂(lè)。原級(jí)的用法表示兩者之間沒(méi)有差別時(shí),使用句型：

(2)主語(yǔ)(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+第二個(gè)人物+….和…一樣

如：Heisasexcitedashisyoungersister.他和他妹妹一樣興奮。Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers(did).他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多。Thegirlisasbrilliantasbeautiful.這個(gè)女孩的智慧和美麗一樣突出。表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型:

(3)主語(yǔ)(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(否定式)+as/so+形容詞+as和…不一樣，…不如…He

is

not

so

/

as

excited

as

his

younger

sister.他沒(méi)他妹妹那么興奮。They

didn’t

pick

so

/

as

many

apples

as

thefarmers

(did).

他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多。Tonyisn’tso/astallasTom.托尼和湯姆不一樣高。

講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物超過(guò)第二個(gè)人物時(shí)用比較級(jí)?？梢孕揎棻容^級(jí)的詞：alittle,abit,alot,much,far,even,still,rather等基本句型：

⑴A原級(jí).B比較級(jí).例：1）Bobistall.Mikeistaller.2）Thiscakeisdelicious.Thatcakeismoredelicious.比較級(jí)的用法

⑶Who/Which+is+比較級(jí)…,AorB?例：1）Whoistaller,MikeorBob?2）Whichofthemistaller,MikeorBob?

說(shuō)明：此句型中的or不可改為and。⑵B+謂語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)+than+A例：1）MikeistallerthanBob(is).2）Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.注意：theone代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)theones或those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)that代替不可數(shù)名詞

⑷moreandmore句型即“比較級(jí)+and+（同一個(gè)）比較級(jí)”句型。此句型表示“越來(lái)越……”。多音節(jié)比較級(jí)用“moreand

more＋形容詞原級(jí)”形式。例：1）Ourlifeisbetterandbetter.

2）Youlookmoreandmorebeautiful.⑸Themore…,themore…句型具體結(jié)構(gòu)：The+比較級(jí)+一個(gè)句子，the+另一比較級(jí)+一個(gè)句子。表示“越……越……“。例：Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.

⑹兩者范圍內(nèi)的比較具體結(jié)構(gòu)：The+比較級(jí)+of+thetwo/twins/parents。表示“兩者之間最…一個(gè)。例：1).Mayisthetallerofthetwins.2).Heisthebraverofthetwoboys.

使用形容詞比較級(jí)時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1)than后面接代詞時(shí),一般要用主格形式，但在口語(yǔ)中也可使用賓格形式。如：MybrotheristallerthanI/me.2)當(dāng)需要表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度時(shí)，可以用much,alot,alittle,abit,even,still等來(lái)修飾形容詞比較級(jí)。注意:比較級(jí)不能用very,so,too,quite等修飾。如：Heismuchmoreseriousthan

Sam.3)形容詞比較級(jí)后面往往用連詞than連接另一個(gè)比較的人或事物,但在上下文明確的情況下,形容詞比較級(jí)可單獨(dú)使用。如：Mysisteristall,butmyauntistaller.我姐姐個(gè)子高,但我姑姑個(gè)子更高。4)進(jìn)行比較的人和物必須是同一類。

Mybooksaremorethanyours.

Ihavemorebooksthanyou.

講述三者或三者以上的差異,一個(gè)人物是其中之最用最高級(jí)。最高級(jí)前必須加the.可以修飾最高級(jí)的詞：byfar,much,really,very,almost等基本句型：

⑴A+系+the+最高級(jí)+(名詞)+表示范圍短語(yǔ)（in,among,of…)例：1）Heistheyoungestinhisfamily.2）Lucyisthemostcarefulamongus.最高級(jí)的用法

⑶Who/Which+is+最高級(jí)…,A，BorC?例：1）Whichcountryisthemostfascinating,China,AmericaorFrance?2）Whichistheshortest,Mike,JohnorBob?

說(shuō)明：此句型中的or不可改為and。⑵…oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)例：1）JackieChenisoneofthemostpopularstars.2）LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.⑷比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義句型：

the+最高級(jí)+名詞+范圍=比較級(jí)+than+anyother+名詞單數(shù)theother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)anyoftheother+名詞復(fù)數(shù)therestof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)alltheother+名詞單數(shù)theothersanyofothersanyone/anythingelseold→fat→young→ugly→high→low→light→white→sunny→hot→cool→olderfatteryoungeruglierhigherlowerlighterwhitersunnierhottercooler1.I’mtallbutmysisteris________(short).2.Mymotherhaslonghair,andmysisterhas________(long)hair.3.Thislittlebabyis_________________(outgoing)thanthatone.shorterlongermoreoutgoing

4.Insomewayswelookthesame,insomewayswelook____________(不同).5.Annisavery____________(安靜的)girl,shehardlymakesnoise.differentquiet練習(xí)：用所給形容詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Herhairis______(long)thanmine.②Whois______(short),TomorJack?③Lilyis________(quiet)thanhersister.④Tina,pleasecometoschoolalittle______(early)nexttime.longershorterquieterearlier⑤The______(hard)youstudy,the_____(good)gradesyou’llget.⑥Itbecomes_____and_____(hot)whensummercomes.harderbetterhotterhotter練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇。1.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea__________one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller2.—DoyouthinkMarchis__________thanJanuary?—Yes,it’s__________warmer.better,alittle B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quite

3.Herbagisnewerthan__________.A.mine B.my C.me D.I4.TheweatherinNorthChinaiscolderthan__________inSouthChina.A.\B.this C.theoneD.that5.Whichoneis__________,thisoneorthatone?A.goodB.bad C.best D.better

6.Ithinkyourroomis__________bigger.A.alot B.alotof C.lotsof D.more

6.Lucyisveryshort,butsheis___thanhersister.A.shorter B.longer C.tallerD.older7.Frankis____friendlythanhisbrother.A.alittlemore B.afewmore C.much D.alittle8.Samis____atChinesethanJim.A.good B.well C.better D.gooderCAC9.Thisoneistoolarge.Canyoushowmea_____one?A.larger B.large C.small D.smaller10.DoyouthinkMarchis____thanJanuary?Yes,it’s__warmer.A.better,alittle B.well,much C.worse,very D.nicer,quiteDAPractice:(1)Iamalittle__________thanyou.(tall)(2)Tomis_________thanJack.(cool)(3)Thisgirlis________thanthat.(nice)(4)Thisquestionis_________thanthatone.(easy)(5)Mypocketmoneyismuch__________thanyours.(much)(6)Shestudieseven__________thanbefore.(hard)(7)Hefeelsalot___________thanyesterday.(good)(8)Mybrotheris__________thanme.(old)(9)Mycountrywillbecome___________.(beautiful)(10)Lilyis_________thanherclassmates.(thin)tallercooler(11)Ithinktodayis__________thanyesterday.(tired)nicereasiermoreharderbettereldermorebeautifulthinnermoretired注1可修飾比較級(jí)的詞有alittle、much、even、alot等！注2tired的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)特殊在前加more、most(12)Heisthe________inhiscla