William Shakespeare莎士比亞簡介

W.Shakespeare

威廉·莎士比亞dramatist,manoftheatre,andpoet

HewasbornonApril231564anddiedonApril231616.LifeStoryHisbirthdayistraditionallycelebratedonApril23,whichisthedateofhisdeath.WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)Birthplace:Stratford-upon-AvonFamily:father,richmerchant;18,marriedCareer:22,lefttoLondon;actor,playwrightinaleadingplayingcompany—LordChamberlaine’sMenLifeBaptizedonApril26,1564,Stratford-upon-Avon,Warwickshire,England

Shakespeare’sBirthplaceStratford-upon-AvonCommentsbyhisContemporaries1.EdmondSpenser,RobertGreeneTheriseandsuccessof“anupstartcrow〞2.FrancisMeres:oneoftheleadingfiguresofthetimeand“themostexcellent〞inbothcomedyandtragedyCommentsbytheContemporariesAhandsome,well-shapedman,verygoodcompany〔同伴，朋友〕,andofaveryready〔敏捷的〕andpleasantsmooth〔平和的〕wit〔大智〕The“gentle〔文雅的〕Shakespeare〞,“gentleWill〞BenJonson’sComments“Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime!〞PositionandachievementsThemostinfluentialwriterinallofEnglishliterature,theworld'spre-eminentdramatist.ThethreesourcesofEnglishliterature:theBible,GreekandRomanMyths,Shakespeare.“Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime〞—BenJohnsonTheGreatComedies“AMidsummerNight’sDream〞?仲夏夜之夢?“TheMerchantofVenice〞“AsYouLikeIt〞?皆大歡喜?“TwelfthNight〞Thegreattragedies“Hamlet〞“Othello〞“KingLear〞“Macbeth〞AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays〔thefirst〕Thefirstperiodofearlyapprenticeship:1)HenryVI,PartI,II,III?亨利六世上、中、下?2)RichardIII?里查德三世?3)TheComedyofErrors?錯誤的喜劇??錯中錯?4)TitusAndronicus?泰特斯·安莊尼克斯?AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(thefirst)5)TheTamingoftheShrew?馴悍婦?6)TheTwoGentlemenofVerona?維洛那二紳士?7)Love’sLabor’sLost?愛的徒勞??空愛一場?8)RomeoandJuliet?羅密歐與朱麗葉?AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the2nd)2.thesecondperiodofrapidgrowthandmaturity:1)

RichardII?里查德二世?2)AMidsummerNight’sDream?仲夏夜之夢?3)

KingJohn?約翰王?4)TheMerchantofVenice?威尼斯商人?

AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the2nd)5)HenryIV,PartI;HenryIV,PartII?亨利四世?6)MuchAdoaboutNothing?無事自擾??無事生非?7)HenryV?亨利五世?8)TheMerryWivesofWindsor?溫莎的風(fēng)流女人?AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the2nd)9)

JuliusCaesar?凱撒大帝?10)AsYouLikeIt?如愿??皆大歡喜?

11)

TwelfthNight?第十二夜?3.thethirdperiodofGloomandSadness:1)

Hamlet?哈姆雷特?2)

TroilusandCressida?特洛埃勒斯與克萊西達?3)All’sWellThatEndsWell?終成眷屬?4)MeasureforMeasure?惡有惡報??一報還一報?5)Othello?奧塞羅?

AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(thethird)6)

KingLear?李爾王?7)

Macbeth?麥克白??麥克佩斯?8)

AntonyandCleopatra?安東尼與克莉奧佩特拉?9)

Coriolanus?科利奧蘭納斯?10)TimonofAthens?雅典的泰蒙?AChronologicalListofShakespeare’sPlays(the4th)4.thefourthperiodofcalmafterstorm:1)

Pericles?波里克利斯?2)Cymbeline?辛柏林?3)TheWinter’sTales?冬天的故事?4)

TheTempest?暴風(fēng)雨?5)HenryVIII?亨利八世?FourperiodsofShakespeare’sDramaticCompositionThefirstperiodofearly:Experimentsinanumberofdramaticform:1.Thehistoricalplay2.Varietiesofcomedy3.Therevengetragedy4.Theromantictragedy5.NarrativepoemsVenusandAdonis?維納斯和阿道尼斯?2.TheRapeofLucrece?露克麗絲受辱記?apprenticeshiphistoricalplay:HenryVI(PartI,II,III)RichardIIIvarietiesofcomedy:“TheComedyofErrors〞“TheTamingoftheShrew〞“TheTwoGentlemenofVerona〞“Love’sLabor’sLost〞Therevengetragedy:“TitusAndronicus〞Theromantictragedy:“RomeoandJuliet〞Twonarrativepoems:Earliestsuccessfultragedy:

RomeoandJulietTwofamiliesinVerona:bitterenmity仇恨

theCapulets

andtheMontaguesafeast—Romeo—love—secretmarriage—kill—banishment(流放)—marryParis,ayoungnobleman—sleepingpotion

—profoundsleep—poison,die—stabwithdaggerThoughatragedy,thereisnotinge(hint)ofpessimismintheplay.Itisasongofyouthandtruelove.TheSecondPeriodofRapidGrowthandMaturity(1594—1600)Aperiodofgreatcomediesandmaturehistoricalplays:6comedies,5historicalplays,aRomantragedy,andsomesonnets.

6comedies:“AMidsummerNight’sDream〞“TheMerchantofVenice〞“TheMerryWivesofWindsor〞“MuchAdoaboutNothing〞“AsYouLikeIt〞“TwelfthNight〞5historicalplays:“RichardII〞“HenryIV,PartII〞“HenryIV,PartI〞“HenryV〞“KingJohn〞1Romantragedy:“JuliusCaesar〞greattragediesanddarkcomedies:

5tragedies:“Hamlet〞“Othello〞“KingLear〞“Macbeth〞“TimonofAthens〞3comedies:“TroilusandCressida〞“All’sWellThatEndsWell〞“MeasureforMeasure〞2Romantragedies:“AntonyandCleopatra〞