暴風(fēng)蘇公式化語(yǔ)法：第六章：Its…thatwho強(qiáng)調(diào)句及it的其他用法

第六章：It’s…that/who強(qiáng)調(diào)句及it的其他用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句的形式比較簡(jiǎn)單，無(wú)非就是將要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分用It’s…that/who夾起來(lái)，但是如果和其他的句式想結(jié)合就不那么簡(jiǎn)單了。這也是高考青睞強(qiáng)調(diào)句的原因所在。第一節(jié)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)It’s…that/who是英語(yǔ)中用語(yǔ)法手段對(duì)句中除謂語(yǔ)以外的某一成分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)的一種方法。它的形式比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要把要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分夾在It’s…that/who中間，其他部分照抄跟在后面。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.4.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.強(qiáng)調(diào)各種從句。Hewenttothefactoryatoncebecausehehadalotofworktodo.Itwasbecausehehadalotofworktodothathewenttothefactoryatone.(原因狀語(yǔ))6．強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式。Ioftenkeepthewindowswideopentoletthefreshairin.ItistoletthefreshairinthatIoftenkeepthewindowswideopen.…第二節(jié)：應(yīng)該注意的問(wèn)題用It’s…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意一下幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：這種結(jié)構(gòu)只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)。其他的時(shí)態(tài)很少用這種句式進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。Ithasbeenfouryears_____Igaveupsmoking.that.B.since.分析：遇到這種高考題，我們就毫不考慮的選B.since.2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與被強(qiáng)調(diào)者保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如：ItisIwhoamateacher.3.即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。換句話說(shuō)：強(qiáng)調(diào)句中不可能出現(xiàn)am,are,were。如：Itistheywhooftenhelpmewithmylessons.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和it作形式主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It’s,that/who在句中只是一種語(yǔ)法手段，沒(méi)有任何意義，如果去掉不會(huì)對(duì)句子的意思產(chǎn)生影響，或不會(huì)影響句子的完整性。但是，it作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)如果去掉句子就不完整。因?yàn)閠hat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略，而且is/was在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）。Itisagoodideathatweeatout.分析：如果去掉itis和that,Weeatoutsaid.很明顯時(shí)個(gè)不完整的句子。強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中主句和從句都是完整的句子，it指代時(shí)間，如果把其中的it,is/was和when去掉，句子將不完整；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句則完整。Itwas12:00wewenthome.A.thatB.when.分析：如果去掉itwas和橫線，Wewenthome12:00。很明顯這是個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的句子，缺少介詞at.真確的句子因該是：Wewenthomeat12：00.強(qiáng)調(diào)句和as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。這兩種句型的區(qū)別比較簡(jiǎn)單，在定語(yǔ)從句一章有詳細(xì)講解，此處不再贅述?？傊?，區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句和其他句式最有效的方法是：去掉it,is/was,that/who或橫線后看句子是否完整。如果完整肯定是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，不然為其他句式。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義問(wèn)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義問(wèn)句比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要將它看成itis/was…的句子就可以了。Itis…that…,isn’tit?Itisnot…that…,isit?Itwas…that…,wasn’tit?Itwasnot…that…,wasit?第三節(jié)：高考常見(jiàn)題型強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般形式。雖然這是最簡(jiǎn)單的形式，但由于其在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中占有很重要的位置，因此在高考中常常出現(xiàn)。ItwasinNewZealand___ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.(2008全國(guó)II20)A.thatB.howC.whichD.when分析：去掉itwas和橫線：ElizabethfirstmetMr.SmithinNewZealand.句子完整。所以A.that。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是換成一般疑問(wèn)句后學(xué)生往往無(wú)從下手。Was__________thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?(1997上海卷)A.ityou

B.notyouC.you

D.thatyourself分析：方法還是一樣：去掉句中的it,was,that再看句子是否完整。如果完整，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。不完整在從其他的角度分析。Isawyoulastnightatthecenter.非常完整。所以A.ityou

。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊問(wèn)句?？梢哉f(shuō)這是近年高考最受青睞的題型。它的特點(diǎn)是使用廣泛、靈活多變、但有一定的難度，對(duì)于高考這類選拔型考試特別適合。它可以以單獨(dú)的形式出現(xiàn)，也可以與其他的從句形式相配合。下面我們就來(lái)看看這種結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）單獨(dú)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。格式：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？如：Whenwasitthatyouwereborn?Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.__________youwantmetosay?(2004上海卷)A.Whatisitthat

B.WhatitisthatC.Howisitthat

D.Howitisthat分析：這是典型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句特殊疑問(wèn)句。根據(jù)句意A.Whatisitthat

。（2）充當(dāng)名詞性從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句特殊問(wèn)句。由于這種句型在句子中做了名詞性從句，那么話句話說(shuō)就是陳述語(yǔ)序的特殊問(wèn)句。格式：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+itis/was++that/who+其它部分。Whenaskedtoexplain______madehislessonssoexciting,theteacherkeptsilent.A.whatitisthatB.thatwhatitisC.whatisitthatD.thatwhatisit分析：這道題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句用作賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)題意A.whatitisthat。Itis/wasnotAbutBthat…這是帶有選擇性的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。當(dāng)然也可以出現(xiàn)其他的連詞，如ratherthan….有時(shí)也可以出現(xiàn)幾種變形形式：It’sAthat…notB.It’snotAbutBthat…It’sAratherthanBthat…It’sAthat…ratherthanB.Itisnotwhoisrightbutwhatisright______isofimportance.[2007重慶卷]A.which B.it C.that D.this分析：典型的選擇式強(qiáng)調(diào)句。所以C.that。not…until的強(qiáng)調(diào)?？梢哉f(shuō)這是高考中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的強(qiáng)調(diào)句類型。這種強(qiáng)調(diào)句比較特殊，在強(qiáng)調(diào)not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中由until短語(yǔ)（或從句）表示的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用固定的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis(was)notuntil...that...注意此時(shí)原句的not…until要變成notuntil，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用肯定式。如：a.Myfatherdidn'tcomehomeuntil12o'clocklastnight.b.Itwasnotuntil12o'clocklastnightthatmyfathercamehome.c.Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.d.ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.It_____wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks____Ifoundwehadalotincommon.[2007浙江卷]A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn’tuntil;whenD.wasn’tuntil;that分析：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)句型，所以D.wasn’tuntil;that。第四節(jié)：it的其他用法1.it可用作人稱代詞、指示代詞、先行詞及引導(dǎo)詞等。（1）人稱代詞it，是第三人稱單數(shù)中性，代表前文已提到過(guò)的一件事物。如：a.Thatvaseisvaluable.It’smorethan200yearsold.b.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.當(dāng)說(shuō)話者不清楚或無(wú)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，也可用it來(lái)表示。c.It’salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?it可用來(lái)指代團(tuán)體。如：d.Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal.it用以代替指示代詞this,that.如：e.---What’sthis?---It’sapen.(2)指示代詞it，常用以指人。如：a.Goandseewhoitis.b.---Whoismakingsuchanoise?---Itmustbethechildren.(3)虛義it無(wú)指代性，常用作沒(méi)有具體意義的主語(yǔ)，出現(xiàn)于表示天氣、氣候、溫度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離等意義的句子中。如：a.Itishalfpastthreenow.b.Itissixmilestothenearesthospitalfromhere.c.Itwasverycold;itsnowedandgrewdark.(4)it也常用來(lái)表示一般的籠統(tǒng)的情況。如：a.It’sawful—I’vegotsomuchworkIdon’tknowwheretostart.糟透了——我有這么多工作要做我不知從何開(kāi)始。b.Howisitgoingwithyou?你近況如何？c.Takeiteasy.不要緊張。d.Ilikeithere.我喜歡這個(gè)地方。e.Itlooksasifthecollegeisverysmall.f.Itseemsasthoughourplanwillbeperfect.g.It’smyturn.該輪到我了。(5)it也常用于某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)，各該習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)有具體意義，但it并無(wú)具體意義。如：cabit乘車(chē)catchit受責(zé)，受罰comeit盡自己分內(nèi)comeitstrong做得過(guò)分walkit步行makeit辦成takeitoutofsomebody拿某人出氣haveitinsb.某人有能力。2.it用作形式主語(yǔ)。it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，只起一種先行引導(dǎo)的作用，為了讓句子平衡，真正主語(yǔ)或真正賓語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)、V-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性從句。a.Itisdifficulttotranslatethisarticle.b.Itisgettinghardereverydayforalazymantogetaliving.c.Whattimewoulditbemostconvenientformetocallagain?什么時(shí)候我再給你打電話最合適？d.Itisnousegoingtheresoearly.e.Ithasbeenagreathonoryourcomingtovisitme.f.Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeatall.g.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.h.ItseemsthatJohnisnotcomingafterall.i.IthappenedthatJohnwastheonlywitness.3.it用作形式賓語(yǔ).It作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常和下列動(dòng)詞連用：consider,think,make,find,believe,count,declare,deem,fancy,feel,guess,imagine,judge,prove,see,show,suppose,understand,take等。它的一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：V+it+adj/n+不定式/V-ing/名詞從句。當(dāng)然有時(shí)可以插入其他的成分，如邏輯主語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)等等。

a.Ifounditdifficulttoexplaintohimwhathappened.我覺(jué)得向他解釋清發(fā)生了什么事很困難。b.Hethoughtitnousegoingoverthesubjectagain.他認(rèn)為再討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有用了。c.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.他們對(duì)他的死保密。d.Wemustmakeitcleartothepublicthatsomethingshouldbedonetostoppollution.我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。4.一種特殊的it用法,(would)appreciate/hate/like/prefer/help…+it+when/if從句。我們先看看下面的句子：Iwouldappreciateitifyoupaidincash.Ihateitwhenpeoplecry.Ilikeitwhenyoudothat.Iwouldpreferitifyoudidn’ttellanyone.Icouldn’thelpitifthebuswaslate.說(shuō)它特殊，也不是很特殊。對(duì)于上面句子中的it有人認(rèn)為是一種特殊的形式賓語(yǔ)，既然是形式賓語(yǔ)那么真正的賓語(yǔ)在哪里？本人覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)欠妥。筆者認(rèn)為it指代句中提到的一種情況。分析：如果付現(xiàn)金我非常感激。it在這里指代付現(xiàn)金后出現(xiàn)的情況。我討厭人哭。it在這里指代人哭泣是的情形。我就喜歡你那樣做。it指代干那件事時(shí)的情形。我希望你不要告訴任何人。it指代不告訴別人后的情形。公共汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)了，我也沒(méi)辦法。it指代汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)。注意：這種結(jié)構(gòu)中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)虛擬，至于何時(shí)虛擬，要看說(shuō)話人要表達(dá)的意思。說(shuō)具體一點(diǎn)，如果出現(xiàn)would就要用虛擬。第五節(jié)：實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1.Itwasn'tuntilnearlyamonthlater_____Ireceivedthemanager'sreply.(2005/全國(guó)I/30)A.since

B.when

C.as

D.that

2.Thechairmanthought_____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.(2005/全國(guó)I/35)A.that

B.it

C.this

D.him

3.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_____didn'thelp.(2005/全國(guó)III/13)A.it

B.she

C.which

D.he

4.Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay______matters.(2005/天津/9)A.that

B.what

C.which

D.this

5.____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.

(2005/上海/38)A.Whatisrequired

B.WhatrequiresC.Itisrequired

D.Itrequires

6.—_____thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.(2005/山東/31)A.Wherewasit

B.Whatwasit

C.Howwasit

D.Whywasit

7.Ilike______intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(2004/全國(guó)/I/27)A.this

B.that

C.it

D.one

8.—Doyoulike______here?—Oh,yes.Theair,theweather,thewayoflife.Everythingissonice.(2004/全國(guó)/II/32)A.this

B.these

C.that

D.it

9.TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2004/北京/24)A.Thisis

B.Thereis

C.Thatis

D.Itis

10.Why!Ihavenothingtoconfess.______youwantmetosay?(2004/上海/43)A.Whatisitthat

B.WhatitisthatC.Howisitthat

D.Howitisthat

11.Itwaswithgreatjoy_____hereceivedthenewsthathislostdaughterhadbeenfound.(2004/福建/35)A.because

B.which

C.since

D.that

12.Itwas______backhomeaftertheexperiment.(2004/湖北/24)A.notuntilmidnightdidhego

B.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewent

D.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo

13.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.(NMET/2001/25)A.they

B.it

C.one

D.which

14.Infact______isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.(NMET/Shanghai/2001/33)A.this

B.that

C.there

D.it

15.Itwasforthisreason______herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.(NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr/32)A.which

B.why

C.that

D.how

16.—Hewasnearlydrownedonce.Whenwas______?—______wasin1998whenhewasinmiddleschool.(NMET/Beijing-Neimeng-Anhui/2002/spr/30)A.that;It

B.this;This

C.this;It

D.that;This

17.Itwasbecauseofbadweather_____thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.(NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./30)A.so

B.sothat

C.why

D.that

18.Itisthesepoisonousproducts______cancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.(NMET/Shanghai/2003/36)A.who

B.that

C.how

D.what

19.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_______.(NMET/Shanghai/2004/spr./37)A.wasthemountainclimberrescued

B.thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberwasrescued

D.thenthemountainclimberwasrescued

20.Thereisaphotoonthewall.______thephotoofLeiFeng.(1980/三/8)A.It

B.Its

C.It's

D.Heis.

21.Does______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?(MET/1991/14)A.this

B.that

C.he

D.it

22.Tom'smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but______didn'thelp.(MET/1993/27)A.he

B.which

C.she

D.it

23.Is______possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(MET/1988/28)A.now

B.man

C.that

D.it

24.Is______necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?(MET/1989/29)A.this

B.that

C.it

D.he

25.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.(MET/1992/35)A.while

B.that

C.if

D.for

26.Idon'tthink______possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.(MET/1990/21)A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it

27.______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(NMET/1995/37)A.There

B.This

C.That

D.It

28.Itwasnot______shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(MET/1992/30)A.when;that

B.until;that

C.until;when

D.when;than

29.Itwasatthegate______hetoldmethenews.(1980/三/20)A.that

B.what

C.which

D.when

30.Itwasnotuntil1920_______regularradiobroadcastsbegan.(NMET/1995/33)A.while

B.which

C.that

D.since

31.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar______hedied?(MET/1988/32)A.that

B.while

C.inwhile

D.then

32.Itwasinthebookstore______Imetyourbrothertheotherday.(NMET/上海/1990/32)A.where

B.that

C.inwhich

D.inthat

33.Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?(NMET/上海/1995/13)A.ityou

B.notyou

C.you

D.thatyourself

34.Itwasabout600yearsago______theclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.(NMET/1997/25)A.that

B.until

C.before

D.when

35.—Wasn'titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?—______.(NMET/上海/1996/28)A.Ididn'tknowhewas

B.Yes,itwasC.No,hewasn't

D.Yes,hedid

36.Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET/1998/8)A.it

B.that

C.these

D.them

37.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.(NMET/1998/22)A.until

B.that

C.then

D.so

38.____wasin1979_____IgraduatedfromtheUniversity.(NMET/上海/1998/4)A.That...that

B.It...that

C.That...when

D.It...when

39.Don't_____thatallthosewhogetgoodgradesintheentranceexaminationwillprovetobemoresuccessful.(NMET/上海/1998/23)A.takeasgranted

B.takethisforgrantedC.takethatforgranted

D.takeitforgranted

40.Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedme.(NMET/上海/1999/5)A.what...that

B.that...that

C.what...what

D.that...what

41.Itwasnotuntilshegothome____Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.(2006/全國(guó)II/9)A.when

B.that

C.where

D.before

42.Itwasafterhegotwhathehaddesired____herealizeditwasnotsoimportant.(2006/遼寧/35)A.that

B.when

C.since

D.as

43.Ijustwonder____thatmakeshimsoexcited.(2006/山東/32)A.whyitdoes

B.whathedoes

C.howitis

D.whatitis

44.____isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.(2006/浙江/4)A.As

B.That

C.This

D.It

45.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade____herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople'saffairsinthattown.(2006/湖南/26)A.this

B.that

C.one

D.it

46.IfIcanhelp_____,Idon'tlikeworkinglateintothenight.(2006/全國(guó)I/26)A.so

B.that

C.it

D.them

47.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed___to____andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.(2006/安徽/34)A.it;her

B.it;herself

C.herself;her

D.herself;herself

48.I'dappreciate____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.(2006/山東/24)A.that

B.it

C.this

D.you

49.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver_______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.（2008天津卷）A.howB.whichC.thatD.w