專(zhuān)題3.推理判斷解題技巧中考英語(yǔ)題型過(guò)關(guān)

推理判斷解題技巧推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的線索和事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測(cè)作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性，將間接論據(jù)連貫起來(lái)，得出一個(gè)合理的結(jié)論。合理，就是論推理有事實(shí)根據(jù)，而不是讀者主觀臆斷的。推理判斷題常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問(wèn)。提問(wèn)中往往含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副詞，如probably，mostlikely等。所謂推斷就是從已知的事情中推測(cè)未知的事情。這里所說(shuō)的未知是指文章或作者沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明但已暗示出來(lái)，或者根據(jù)作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性結(jié)論。所以推斷類(lèi)題目盡管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我們可以在文章中找到可供推論的依據(jù)。還有一個(gè)重要的技巧就是排除法的適當(dāng)運(yùn)用。很多錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的排除要靠我們對(duì)于文章事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確把握。因此我們也要相應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)于文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練。常見(jiàn)的技巧方法一般有如下幾類(lèi)：方法：在理解原文表面信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推理。得出其隱含意義和深層意思?？疾閷?duì)閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對(duì)文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。依據(jù)文章事實(shí)，得出得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。陷阱：=1\*GB3①文章直接言明的內(nèi)容，這不是推斷出來(lái)的（凡是推斷題一定不選原文信息的同義表述）=2\*GB3②注意干擾項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容有細(xì)微區(qū)別。（推理判斷一定要合情合理，有理有據(jù)，依據(jù)事實(shí)，切不可主觀臆斷）=3\*GB3③察言觀色，依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。方法1邏輯推理法邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，對(duì)文章片段或全文進(jìn)行深層理解來(lái)解答題目。常以時(shí)間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessary B.nothelpfulatall C.veryboring D.notimportantStep1：定位到段：分析理解題干和選項(xiàng)后，結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞“Englishexercisesandtests”可定位至第二段。Step2：定位到句：定位至線索句“However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish”Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)文中However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish可知，通過(guò)做練習(xí)和參加考試，你可以真正提高你的英語(yǔ)水平，即做練習(xí)和測(cè)試非常有必要。故選A。方法2觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度判定法觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語(yǔ)氣或?qū)δ硞€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的把握來(lái)推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的態(tài)度，以及對(duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)于作者陳述事件時(shí)所表達(dá)出的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推斷能力。WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'inschoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.C.Hecan'tunderstand.D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.Step1：定位線索句題干詢(xún)問(wèn)作者對(duì)于做家務(wù)的態(tài)度，關(guān)鍵詞是doingchores，由此定位線索句為“Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'inschoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.”；Step2：分析線索句線索句意為“做家務(wù)可以讓學(xué)生有責(zé)任感，教會(huì)他們規(guī)則和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的精神。此外，它可以使學(xué)生的在校經(jīng)歷更有意義?！?，由此可知作者對(duì)于做家務(wù)的態(tài)度是積極的，是支持認(rèn)可的；Step3：選定答案結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，begoodforstudents對(duì)學(xué)生有益符合作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，正確答案為D。方法3目的意圖判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者闡述的目的進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.pareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwasteStep1：分析理解題干：核心詞匯理解purpose目的；選項(xiàng)理解： A.介紹一些回收廢棄物的方法B.告訴讀者塑料的問(wèn)題C.比較空氣污染和塑料污染D.描述美國(guó)如何減少塑料垃圾；Step2：概括文章大意：通讀全文可知，本文介紹了塑料垃圾的污染問(wèn)題及其危害，還有各國(guó)政府采取的措施；Step3：定位答案：目的是告訴讀者塑料帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。正確答案為B。方法4文章出處判定法文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)各種文章出處的特點(diǎn)和常識(shí)的掌握能力，以及對(duì)文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.A.astorybook B.anewspaper C.anadvertisement D.aguidebookStep1：題干選項(xiàng)理解：明確試題考查點(diǎn)為“文章出處”，選項(xiàng)釋義如下：A.astorybook 故事書(shū) B.anewspaper報(bào)紙 C.anadvertisement 廣告 D.aguidebook導(dǎo)游指南Step2：總結(jié)歸納文章大意：通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)更多固然是很好的，但是如果你所做的只是學(xué)習(xí)而不是實(shí)踐，那么是時(shí)候改變現(xiàn)狀，邁出第一步了。Step3：定位答案：由此可推知，本文更有可能在報(bào)紙當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)。正確答案為B。方法5讀者對(duì)象判定法讀者對(duì)象判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出文章是針對(duì)哪個(gè)群體閱讀的。主要考查學(xué)生的概括和推斷能力。Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.teachers B.parents C.child D.thepoliceStep1：題干選項(xiàng)理解：明確試題考查點(diǎn)為“讀者對(duì)象”，選項(xiàng)釋義如下：A.teachers老師B.parents父母C.child孩子D.thepolice警察Step2：概括文章大意及線索句：通讀全文可知本篇文章主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌，特別是第二段中Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.可知，當(dāng)你收到有害信息時(shí)，你應(yīng)該把它們交給老師、家長(zhǎng)或警察。Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)文章大意及線索句可知，本文主要是寫(xiě)給孩子的。確定答案為C。方法6寫(xiě)作目的判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者闡述的目的進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.pareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwasteStep1：分析理解題干：核心詞匯理解purpose目的；選項(xiàng)理解： A.介紹一些回收廢棄物的方法B.告訴讀者塑料的問(wèn)題C.比較空氣污染和塑料污染D.描述美國(guó)如何減少塑料垃圾；Step2：概括文章大意：通讀全文可知，本文介紹了塑料垃圾的污染問(wèn)題及其危害，還有各國(guó)政府采取的措施；Step3：定位答案：目的是告訴讀者塑料帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。確定答案為B。方法7論證方式判定法論證方式判定法，就是對(duì)文章提出的觀點(diǎn)舉例子，列數(shù)字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀點(diǎn)，證明觀點(diǎn)的合理性。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)題干的理解，及線索句的定位和理解能力。TheInternetofthingsmaybeingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(證明)that____A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.B.TheInternetofthingswilleintoourdailylifesooner.C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthingsD.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.Step1：分析理解題干：題干理解“提到三星首席執(zhí)行官的演講是為了證明......”；選項(xiàng)釋義，A.三星過(guò)去生產(chǎn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。B.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將更快地進(jìn)入我們的日常生活。C.他花了很多時(shí)間談?wù)撐锫?lián)網(wǎng)D.三星的產(chǎn)品是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一部分；Step2：定位線索句：根據(jù)Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).可知引用三星CEO的這段話，主要是為了證明第一句話：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的到來(lái)可能比你想象的要早。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合線索句分析可知其前后是例證關(guān)系。ACD三項(xiàng)均與段落大意無(wú)關(guān)，確定答案為B。方法8篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法，就是對(duì)文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)，或者段落中某事件的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，常以排序或結(jié)構(gòu)圖示等來(lái)考查。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)整體文章內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevenplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“l(fā)eavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleareexpectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,justasthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④Step1：分析理解題干：分析題干可知，本題考查點(diǎn)是“文章結(jié)構(gòu)”；Step2：分析文章每段的段落大意：第一段先總的來(lái)說(shuō)人們對(duì)于好的禮儀有著不同的觀點(diǎn)；第二段和第三段分別講西方國(guó)家和中國(guó)在超市或飯店里的一些現(xiàn)象以及人們付錢(qián)的不同；第四段總結(jié)全文，當(dāng)我們?nèi)e的國(guó)家旅游的時(shí)候要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合每段的段落大意可知，全篇文章屬于總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定答案為A。（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）eon,Amy.YoumustTRYHARDER.Amytoldherselfsilently.Shewasinherclass’SecondDayofSchoolGamewithherteammates,whomsheonlymetyesterday.Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.Luckily,nooneseemedtocareaboutit.Thisrelaxedheralot.SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(線索)andhadbeentothepostoffice.Nowtheywereinfrontofthecinema.Henrywasreadingaloudthethirdclue:Gotoourtownfounder’slastrestingplace.IknowTHISONE!Amythought,excited.“Tothecemetery(墓地)”Cindysaid.“No,wait!”Amysaid.“I’vereadaboutit.Thefounderwasburiednearthelibrary.”“Wow.I’vewalkedbyeveryday,”Tylersaid.“Neverknewthat!”“Goodjob!Thatwillsavevaluabletime,”CindysmiledatAmy.“Westillneedtohurry,”Tylerreminded,pointingtotheYellowTeamingnear.“Iknowashortcut!”Henrysuggested.“Followme!”Noonemoved.“No,seriously,”Henrysaid.“YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.”Theothersfinallyagreed.Afewsharpturns,andtheywerethere!ThistimeAmyreadthecluealoud:Nowgototheplacewherethefootballisrunningaround!“Thefootballstadium!”Theycalledouttogetherandstartedtorun…Nowthey’dgotthefinalclue:Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!Lookingcloselyatthemap,everyonethoughthard.“Aha!Astar!”Cindysuddenlybrokethesilence.Shequicklytookoutapencil.Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.Theywerecloserandcloser,andfinallycrossedthefinishlinejustonestepbehindtheRedTeam!“So…close…”Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.“Nicejob,newgirl,”CindygaveAmyahighfive.“Thatwasreallyfun,”saidHenry.“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”“Me,too,”Amyagreed,smiling.1．WhatdoesthebeginningofthestorytellusaboutAmy?A．Shedidn’twanttoplaythegame. B．Shewasanewstudentinherclass.C．ShewasamemberoftheRedTeam. D．Shedidn’tunderstandthegamerules.2．WhydidtheteamletHenryleadthewayatlast?A．Heranfastestintheteam. B．Theydidn’tknowtheway.C．Theytrustedhisrichexperience. D．Hewasbestatplayingthegame.3．Wherewasthefinishlineofthegame?A．Inthepark. B．Nexttothepostoffice.C．Infrontofthecinema. D．Outsidethelibrary.4．WhydidAmysmileattheendofthestory?A．Herteamcameinfirst. B．Shewasacceptedasafriend.C．Shenolongerfeltnervous. D．Therewouldbeagamesoon.【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了艾米在新的團(tuán)隊(duì)中發(fā)揮了作用，最終她被當(dāng)作朋友接受的故事。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thiswasherfirstchancetomakenewfriends,andshewasnervous.”以及“SofarAmyhadn’tgivenanyusefulsuggestions—afterall,shewastotallynewtothistown.”可推斷艾米是班里的新學(xué)生。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Henrysaid.‘YouknowI’malwaysrunninglate.Iknoweveryshortcutintown.’Theothersfinallyagreed.”（亨利說(shuō)?！澳阒牢铱偸沁t到。我知道城里所有的近路?！逼渌俗罱K同意了。）可知團(tuán)隊(duì)最后讓亨利帶路是相信他豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“SincetheBlueTeamleftthepark,theyhadworkedoutthefirsttwoclues(線索)”可知最開(kāi)始的地方是在公園；根據(jù)“Lookwhereyou’vebeen,seewhereyouare.Useyourmapwiselyandyou’llbeastar!”（看看你去過(guò)哪里，看看你在哪里。明智地使用你的地圖，你將成為一個(gè)明星?。┙Y(jié)合圖片可知，走過(guò)的路線要形成一個(gè)五角星，結(jié)合“Astheywatchedherdrawinglinesonthemap,everyoneunderstood.”和“Theybeganrunningbacktowheretheystarted.”可知比賽的終點(diǎn)線在公園，故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“‘So…close…’Tylermadeaface,andtheyalllaughedtogether.”以及“Ihopewe’llbeonthesameteamsoon.”可知，艾米在故事的結(jié)尾笑了是因?yàn)樗划?dāng)作朋友接受了。故選B。（2023·河南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Plunk!Idroppedanotherpecan(山核桃)intomybasket.Thenagentleautumnwindblewsomemoreoffthetree.Irantopickthemup.Whew!Pecanpickingwashard.Mybasketwasonlyhalffull.Iwasvisitingmygrandpa’sfarminKansas,andGrandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecansforustoenjoylater.Iwasn’tabouttolethimdown.Thensomethingcaughtmyeye:asquirrelpickedupapecan,climbedupatreeanddisappearedintoalargehole.Amomentlater,thesquirrelclimbeddowntothegroundtopickanotherpecan.Onceagain,hetookthepecanbacktohissecrethidingplaceinsidethehollow(洞)ofthetree.Notsosecretanymore,Ithought.Iranovertothetreeandfoundthehollowwasfilledwithsweetpecans.Theywererightthereforthetaking.Thiswasmychance.Handfulbyhandful,Itookallthepecansfromthehollow.Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.“Look,Grandpa,”Ishouted,“l(fā)ookatallofthepecansIfound!”Grandpatookalookatmybasket.“Well,well,howdidyoufindsomany,Jimmy?”ItoldhimhowI’dfollowedthesquirrelandtakenthepecansfromhishidingplace.Grandpacongratulatedmeonfindingoutsomethingaboutthesquirrel’shabits.Thenhedidsomethingthatsurprisedme.Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.“Thatsquirrelworkedveryhardtocollecthiswinterfood,”hesaid.“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”“Ididn’tthinkaboutthat,”Isaid.“Iknow,”Grandpasaid.“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhesquirrel’s.”SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.…根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1．Whydidthewritergotothewoodsatthebeginningofthestory?A．Topickuppecans. B．Tocatchlittleanimals.C．Tofeedthesquirrels. D．Tolookforhisgrandpa.2．Thewriterwasproudofhimselfbecause________.A．hewaspraisedbyhisgrandpaB．hefoundouthisgrandpa’ssecretC．hehelpedthesquirrelinthehollowD．hefilledhisbasketwithsomanypecans3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeGrandpa?A．Kindandwise. B．Caringandhumorous.C．Shyandfriendly. D．Patientandhardworking.4．Whatisthepossibleendingtothestory?A．Thewritersentthepecanstohisneighbors.B．Thewriterputallthepecansbackintothehole.C．Thewriterhidthepecansinhisgrandpa’shouse.D．Thewriterenjoyedallthepecanswithhisfamily.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Anunusualtree B．ThestolenpecansC．Asmartsquirrel D．Themagicbasket【答案】1．A2．D3．A4．B5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了作者把松鼠樹(shù)洞里的山核桃據(jù)為己有，帶回家給爺爺看，爺爺告訴他：一個(gè)好人不應(yīng)該竊取別人的勞動(dòng)成果。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Grandpasentmeintothewoodstopickuppecans”可知，作者去樹(shù)林里摘山核桃。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nowthebasketwasfull!Iwassoproudofmyself.Icouldn’twaittoshowGrandpaallofthepecansI’dcollected.”可知，作者自豪是因?yàn)樗诨@子里裝滿了山核桃。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Hehandedthebasketbacktomeandputhisarmgentlyaroundmyshoulders.”和爺爺說(shuō)的話“Nowthatallofhispecansaregone,don’tyouthinkthatlittlesquirrelwillbeveryhungrywhenitgetscold?”，“Butagoodmanshouldnevertakeadvantageofsomeoneelse’shardwork,eventhesquirrel’s.”可知，爺爺沒(méi)有責(zé)備作者，而是耐心地告訴他不應(yīng)該竊取別人的勞動(dòng)成果，拿走松鼠的食物，冬天它會(huì)挨餓。由此可知，爺爺是善良并且有智慧的。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SuddenlyIfeltashollowasthatoldtree.Theimage(形象)ofthathungrysquirrelwouldn’tleavemymind.TherewasonlyonethingIcoulddo.”可知，作者明白了自己做的事情會(huì)傷害那只松鼠，所以他接下來(lái)會(huì)把山核桃送回松鼠的樹(shù)洞中。故選B。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。文章通過(guò)講述作者拿走松鼠山核桃的故事告訴我們：一個(gè)好人不應(yīng)該竊取別人的勞動(dòng)成果。B項(xiàng)“偷來(lái)的山核桃”適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）SeiichiSano,an89yearoldJapaneseman,ridesawaveatKataseNishihamaBeach,Thursday,March30,2023.Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（沖浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.Butmaybehewilljustkeepsurfing.“IthinkitwouldbeinterestingtotrytosurfuntilI’m100,”Sanosaid.“IthinkItakebettercareofmyselfwhenIhavedreamslikethis.Evennow,ItakebettercareofmyselfthanIdidbefore.”Sanosaidhegottheideatotrysurfingfromaworkerathislocalbank.Theman’sskinwasalwaysdarkandhedidnotlooklikeausualworker.Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofoundateacher.Sanogetsoutmostweekendsontheblacksandbeach.“Idon’tconsidermyselfanoldman,”hesaidinhiswetsuit,boardstandingnexttohim.“Ihaveneverthoughtofmyselfasanoldperson.IalwaysfeelthatIcanstillmoveforward.Icanstilldoit.Icanstillenjoyit.”SeveralyoungstudentswhoalsoworkwithSano’ssurfteachertalkedaboutSano.“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing,”a12yearoldsurfersaid.“Heissoamazing,”addedhisyoungerbrother.“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage,”saidSano’ssurfingteacher.“Iwasworriedthathewouldgethurt.Ididnotknowhowfithewas.”Sanostillworks9to5athisjob.Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.“Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislifeitself,”hesaid.“Ithinkitistrue.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recognized”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Led. B．Given. C．Accepted. D．Collected.2．Paragraph3mainlytellsus________.A．whereSanolearnttosurf B．whySanotriedsurfingC．howSanoplannedtosurf D．whenSanowentsurfing3．FromthewordsoftheyoungstudentsandSano’ssurfteacher,wecaninfer________.A．theyrespectSanoverymuch B．Sano’sageinfluenceshissurfingC．they’reworriedaboutSano’swork D．Sanoisoftenhurtwhenpractising4．Accordingtothepassage,weknowSano________.A．istoooldtostartsurfing B．getsboredwithsurfingC．feelsstressedaftersurfing D．enjoysalotfromsurfing【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了被吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄認(rèn)定為年齡最大的男性沖浪者SeiichiSano。1．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Hehasbeenrecognizedastheoldestmaletosurf（沖浪）bytheGuinnessWorldRecords.”可知，他被吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄認(rèn)定為年齡最大的男性沖浪者。recognized意為“認(rèn)定”，與accepted同義。故選C。2．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Hissecrettokeephealthyandenergetic,hesaid,wassurfing.So,Sanofoundateacher.”可知，第三段講述他嘗試去沖浪的原因。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ithinkagedoesn’tmatterinsurfing”和“Tobehonest,Iwassurprisedbyhisage”可知，師生們很佩服他沖浪沒(méi)有受到年齡的限制，可推測(cè)他們都很尊重他。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Surfinghelpsmakehimlessstressed.‘Peopleoftensaythatsurfingislifeitself,’hesaid.‘Ithinkitistrue.’”可知，沖浪有助于減輕他的壓力。他認(rèn)同“沖浪就是生活本身”這種說(shuō)法，說(shuō)明他很喜歡沖浪。故選D。（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Warmingtemperaturesandshorterwintersmightsoundliketheendofsnowdays.However,risingtemperaturesmayactuallycausesnowstormstodumpmoresnow,saysDavidRobinson.HeisaprofessoratauniversityinNewJersey.Hestudiesclimate(氣候)change.TemperaturechangeisoneofthegreatestinEarth’sclimatechangeoveralongperiodoftime.Itcanhappennaturallyorbecauseofhumanactivities,suchasburninggasandcoal.Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.Buthowcouldwarmertemperaturesleadtomoresnow?Togetsnow,youneedmoisture(水汽)andfreezingtemperatures(0℃orless),saysRobinson.Withoutmoistureintheair,thereisnoprecipitation(rainorsnow).Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebeingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.“Thewarmertheairbees,themoremoistureitholds.So,ifit’swarmingandstillcoldenoughtosnow,youcangetmoresnow,”Robinsonsays.Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD．C．region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,accordingtotheNWS.Duringthatsametimeperiod,averagewintertemperaturesinD．C．increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.Weatherexpertssuggestthatrisingtemperaturesmaymakewintershorterandlesscold.Butfornow,thesnowisstillfalling.Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.Oncetemperaturesstayabovefreezing,snowstormsbeerain.Untilthen,wemightcontinuetoseestrongstorms.AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldesoonerthanwethink.Hesays,“Whenwelookback,yearsfromnow,wemayseethatthiswasthebreakingpoint.”1．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．HowEarth’sclimatechanges. B．Whatcausesrisingtemperatures.C．Whatproducescarbondioxide. D．Howpollutioninfluencesclimate.2．Whatwillthewarmingtemperaturescauseaccordingtothetext?A．Lesscoal. B．Drierweather.C．Longerwinters. D．Strongersnowstorms.3．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph5?A．TointroduceD．C．B．Toreportthebiggest10snowstorms.C．TosupportRobinson’sideas.D．Toshowtheincreaseoftemperatures.4．WhatdoesRobinsonthinkofthefuturewarmingtemperatures?A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.5．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Asciencefiction. D．Atravelguide.【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．B5．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講了溫度上升與更多的暴風(fēng)雪是否有關(guān)系的問(wèn)題。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Burningthesefuelsproducescarbondioxide(二氧化碳)andotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,whichholdheatintheatmosphere,leadingtowarmerglobaltemperaturesovertime.”可知，第二段主要介紹了導(dǎo)致氣溫上升的原因。故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Robinsonsaystherearesignsthatsnowstormsarebeingstronger.Thisisbecauseofthisconnectionbetweenmoistureandprecipitation.”可知，變暖的溫度會(huì)導(dǎo)致更強(qiáng)的暴風(fēng)雪。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ofthe10biggestsnowfallsinD.C.region,fivehappenedinthepast25years,…averagewintertemperaturesinD.C.increased.In1996,theaveragewintertemperaturewas1.8℃.In2020,itwas6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通過(guò)陳述華盛頓地區(qū)的事實(shí)，進(jìn)一步印證了Robinson的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Oneday,wintermightnothaveanydaysbelowthefreezingtemperature.”以及“AccordingtoRobinson,thattimecouldesoonerthanwethink.”可推知，Robinson認(rèn)為未來(lái)全球變暖，氣溫升高會(huì)很?chē)?yán)重。故選B。5．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講了溫度上升與更多的暴風(fēng)雪是否有關(guān)系的問(wèn)題。故可推知，文章可能來(lái)源于一本科學(xué)雜志。故選A。（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Agardenismuchmorethanjustcreatingabeautifulenvironment.Itcanbeawaytosaveorevenmakemoneyand,morethanthat,itcanbeaplacewhereyoucanexpressyourself.Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13yearoldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.Ihavelearnedmanythingsthesepastfewyears.Ihavebeenreadingaboutanddoingsomegardening.So,hereismytopadviceaboutgardening.First,youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneytohaveabeautifulgarden.SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeoplehavethrownaway.Ifyoujustrememberthatplantingwhatismorethanyouneedwilltakethestressawayoflosingsomeplants,youwillsaveyourselfalotofworry,too.Besides,youneedtoaskyourselfwhichplantsproduceenoughfoodtomakethemworthgrowing.Iactuallysatdownanddidthemathsonthatonethisspring.Itamazedmewhatsomeplantswereworth.Atomato,forexample,canproduce￡50￡150worthoffruit.Ittakesupalotofspacebutthat’salotofmoneyingoutofa50penceseed(種子)!SoifIhadknownearlierwhateachplantcouldsaveus,Iwouldhavetoldmyparentstofillourgardenwithdifferentplants.Andfinally,gardeningdoesn’thavetobeallornothing.ButthenIguessthat’smoreofapersonalityweaknessthananything.Istrugglewithdoingthingsalittleatatime.OnceIdecidetodosomething,Iusuallydevoteeverywakinghourtoitforalittlewhileandthengettired.Soit’sokaytojusthaveonetomatoplant,andit’sokaytohaveanoffyear.Itwillsaveyoualotofstress.1．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusaboutgardeninginparagraph1?A．Thegardenerscanmakemuchmoney.B．It’sjustaboutcreatingabeautifulplace.C．Themostimportantistoexpressyourself.D．Itmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.2．Howwouldthewriterdescribeherfavoritegarden?A．Simple. B．Expensive. C．Magic. D．Creative.3．Whatadvicedoesthewritergiveusaboutgardening?A．Usewhatwecanfindaroundus. B．Trytomakeacareeroutofit.C．Askothergardenerstogivehelp. D．Spendasmuchtimeaswecan.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter’sgardeningexperience?A．Shewantstogroweverything.B．Shedideverythingright.C．Shehasalotoffunindoingit.D．Sheneedstoworkharder.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devote”meaninthelastparagraph?A．Waste. B．Spend. C．Change. D．Count.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．C5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了作者對(duì)園藝的看法，作者也對(duì)園藝提供了一些建議。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forme,it’sabitofallthesethings.Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13yearoldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))outofit.”可知，園藝對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)，有著重要的意義。故可推知，作者在第一段告訴我們園藝對(duì)不同的人意味著不同的東西。故選D。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“SomeofthegardensthatIthinkaretheprettiestarejustlinesofplants.Therearen’tmanygardendecorations(裝飾)andpathways.It’sjustbeautifulplantswithfruitsandvegetables.”可推知，作者描述的最喜歡的花園是簡(jiǎn)單的。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wecanalsofindmanyusefulthingsforfree,frompiecesofoldwoodtooldpotsandpans.Or,wecanbuildthingsforfreefrommaterialsthatotherpeoplehavethrownaway.”可推知，作者建議利用周?chē)苷业降臇|西。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Iknowitmaysoundstrangefora13yearoldgirltobeinterestedingardening,butIhavealwaysbeenandIwouldlovetomakeacareer(職業(yè))