英語(yǔ)第一輪總復(fù)習(xí)講義第1部分Book5Unit3ScienceandnatureWord版含答案

Book5Unit3Scienceandnature晨讀暮誦單元話題——科學(xué)與自然1．providev．提供2．justicen．公平；公正3．overprotectv．過(guò)度保護(hù)4．violencen．暴力5．emergencyn．緊急情況6．a(chǎn)dmitv．承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入7．relatev．把……聯(lián)系起來(lái)8．threatenv．威脅9．protectv．保護(hù)10．preventv．阻止11．producev．生產(chǎn)12．promotev．促進(jìn)；增進(jìn)13．leadto/resultin導(dǎo)致14．careabout擔(dān)心；在乎15．indanger處于危險(xiǎn)中16．endupwith以……結(jié)束17．beresponsiblefor對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)18．etoone'shelp來(lái)幫助某人19．callon/appealtosb.todosth.號(hào)召某人做某事20．takeaction/steps/measurestodosth.采取措施做某事1．paredwith/totenyearsago，people'slifehasgotgreatlyimproved.與十年前相比，人們的生活水平得到了很大的提高。2．Wonderfulasitis，however，italsohasitsowndisadvantages.然而，盡管很好，它也有其不足。3．Thereisnodoubtthatitisanextremelyseriousproblem：thegovernmentshouldtakestrongmeasurestodealwithit.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這是一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來(lái)解決它。4．Itisglorioustotakecareoftheenvironmentwhileitisshamefultopolluteit.愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境光榮，污染環(huán)境可恥。(2018·河北唐山模擬)近來(lái)，中國(guó)游客在海外的不文明行為備受熱議。假設(shè)你是李華，是一名國(guó)際旅行社的導(dǎo)游，就此寫(xiě)一篇短文在一份英文報(bào)紙上發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的提示完成短文。1．列舉不文明行為；2．指出其影響；3．提出建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3．首句已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。[參考范文]As_a_tour_guide_of_an_international_travel_agency，I_find_it_so_embarrassing_to_see_many_Chinese_tourists_behave_badly_abroad.Theyspeakloudlyinpublicplaces，carvecharactersontouristattractions，throwrubbish,spiteverywhere，andevencrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightsarestillred.Suchbadbehavioroverseashascauseddamagetothecountry'sreputation.Measuresshouldbetakentostopthis.First，beforegoingabroad，touristsshouldbetrainedtoobeysocialandpublicorder，andrespectlocalreligionsandcustoms.Besides，kindergartensandprimaryschoolsshoulddomoretoteachthekidstoberesponsiblecitizens.Last，lawsshouldbemadetopunishthosewhobehavebadlyinpublicplaces.Ihopesoontouristsoverseaswillchangetheirbehaviorandwinrespectforthemselvesandourcountry.[高頻詞匯]1．________(n.)意圖，目的；企圖2．________(vt.)收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采納，采用3．________(n.)醫(yī)師；內(nèi)科醫(yī)生4．________(vt.&vi.)收割(莊稼)(n.)收獲；收成5．________(vt.)使改變外觀或性質(zhì)(尤指向好的方向)；使改變形態(tài)6．________(n.)概念；觀念7．________(n.)職業(yè)，行業(yè)8．________(n.)突破9．________(adj.)原來(lái)的，起初的；首創(chuàng)的；非復(fù)制的10．________(vt.)實(shí)施；指揮樂(lè)隊(duì)11．________(n.)多數(shù)，大多數(shù)12．________(adj.)普通的，一般的13．________(adj.)可信賴(lài)的，可依靠的14．________(adj.)短時(shí)間的，短暫的；簡(jiǎn)潔的，簡(jiǎn)單的15．________(adj.)真實(shí)的，實(shí)際的16．________(vt.&vi.)證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信17．________(n.)農(nóng)業(yè)18．________(n.)贊同，支持；恩惠，幫助；偏愛(ài)，偏袒19．________(n.)收益，收入20．________(vt.)使驚嚇，使驚恐21．________(n.)利潤(rùn)，收益；(vt.&vi.)獲益；對(duì)……有用22．________(n.)準(zhǔn)許，許可，批準(zhǔn)【答案】1.intention2.adopt3.physician4.harvest5．fession8.breakthrough9.original10.conduct11.majority12.ordinary13．reliable14.brief15.actual16.confirm17．a(chǎn)griculture18.favour19.ine20.frighten21．profit22.permission[派生詞匯]1．________(n.)判斷力；看法，評(píng)價(jià)；(法律)判決→________(v.)判斷2．________(n.)結(jié)果，后果→________(adj.)作為結(jié)果的；隨之發(fā)生的→________(adv.)因此；所以3．________(n.)罪，罪行→________(n.)罪犯(adj.)犯罪的→________(adv.)刑法上；刑事上4．________(n.)總結(jié)；概括，概要→________(v.)概述；總結(jié)5．________(adj.)準(zhǔn)確的，精確的→________(adv.)準(zhǔn)確地；精確地→________(n.)準(zhǔn)確(性)；精確度[詞綴歸納]transform是由“前綴trans－＋form”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)含前綴trans-的單詞有：transplant(n.&vt.)移植；transport(vt.&n．)運(yùn)輸；translate(v.)翻譯；transparent(adj.)透明的；transmit(v.)傳播，傳染；傳送；transformation(n.)變化，改觀?！敬鸢浮?.judgement；judge2.consequence；consequent；consequently3.crime；criminal；criminally4.summary；summarize5.accurate；accurately；accuracy[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Thepanyhasbeen________(改變)fromfamilybusinesstoamulti-million-poundoperation.2．Someindustries,suchasshipbuilding,clearly________(獲利)fromthewar.3．Wearestudyingtoprovethispointandithasinitiallybeen________(進(jìn)一步證實(shí))．4．Domea________(幫忙)andturntheradiodownwhileI'monthephone,willyou?5．Dennishadrecentlybegunasuccessfulcareer________(指揮)opera.6．Whenexperimentsaretobemade,onecan'trelytoomuchonthehumansensestomake________(精確的)observation.7.Wecan'ttrusthimbecausehehasno________(概念)ofrightandwrong.8.Nowpleasebe________(簡(jiǎn)潔的)—mytimeisvaluable.9.IknowGermanywon,butIcan'ttellyouthe________(實(shí)際的)score.10．Manyfamiliesonlow________(收入)willbeunabletoaffordtobuytheirownhouse.【答案】1.fit3.confirmed4.favour5．conducting6.accurate7.concept8.brief9.actual10.ine1．________theonehand…________theotherhand…一方面……另一方面……2．pushahead________義無(wú)反顧地進(jìn)行，努力推進(jìn)3．________summary概括地說(shuō)4．turn________結(jié)果是，證明是；生產(chǎn)5．put…________place準(zhǔn)備就緒，布置妥當(dāng)6．be/getburnt________耗盡體力，累垮7．follow________one'sfootsteps效仿某人8．________favourof贊同，支持9．take…________consideration認(rèn)真考慮10．point________指出11．rather________而不是12．deal________處理，對(duì)付13．pared________與……相比較14．________sale出售15．toy________戲弄；擺弄16．inagreement________同意；與……一致【答案】1.onon2.with3.in4.out5.in6.out7．o10.out11.than12.with13.with14．for15.with16.with[語(yǔ)境活用]1.Igottheinformationaboutthesecond-handhouse______salefromyesterday'snewspaper.2．________theonehand，parentsshouldbeconcernedaboutchildren'sstudy；onthe________hand，children'ssafetyshouldnotbeignored.3．Amanda'ssuccessmayinspireotherIndonesianchildrentofollow________herfootsteps.4．Beforeyouleavetheoffice,everythingshouldbeput________place.5．Weshouldhavegoodmunicationskillsandtheskillstodeal________thematter.6．Ithinkallthepeopleatthemeetingwillbe________favourofyouropinion.7．Peopleseemtofailtotake________considerationthefactthateducationdoesnotendwithgraduation.8．Nomatterwhopoints________ourshortings,wewillcorrectthem.9．pared________smallneighborhoodstores,supermarketssellvariousgoodsweneedinourdailylife.10．Independenceistheabilitytomakedecisionsandchoicesandtoactinagreement________them.【答案】1.for2.On；other3.in4.in5.with6.in7．into8.out9.with10.with1.[原句]ThefirstmammaltobeclonedsuccessfullyfromanadultcellwasDollythesheep.[點(diǎn)撥]thefirst(＋n./pron.)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)。[仿寫(xiě)]中國(guó)在任何時(shí)候決不首先使用核武器。AtnotimewillChinabe________________nuclearweapons.2.[原句]Theboywasmorefrightenedthanhurt.[點(diǎn)撥]more…than…與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……[仿寫(xiě)]與其說(shuō)他是一位教師，不如說(shuō)他是一名學(xué)者。Heis________________thanateacher.3.[原句]Therefore，wecannotconfirmthatfoodfromclonedanimalsisreallysafeforhumanstoeat.[點(diǎn)撥]本句使用了“主語(yǔ)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”句型。[仿寫(xiě)]我的班主任老師很好相處。Myheadteacher________________.4.[原句]Nowhereisthistruerthanwithgeneticallymodified(GM)food.[點(diǎn)撥]本句中的nowhere與形容詞比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義。否定詞與形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)連用可表示最高級(jí)含義。[仿寫(xiě)]我以前從沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)比這更好的故事。Ihave________hearda________storybefore.【答案】1.thefirsttouse2.moreascholar3.iseasytogetalongwith4.never；better第一板塊核心詞匯[基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)要牢記](méi)1．intentionn．意圖，目的；企圖(1)havenointentiontodosth./ofdoingsth.無(wú)意做某事withtheintentionof抱有……目的，打算(2)intendvt.打算；計(jì)劃；想要intendedadj.故意的，有意的；打算中的(3)intenddoing/todosth.打算做某事intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事hadintendedtodo…＝intendedtohavedone…本打算做…(4)beintendedfor/todo…預(yù)定……用途；為……打算(或設(shè)計(jì))的①Hewrotetheletter________askingforsomeadvice.他寫(xiě)信的目的是征求建議。②I________________________makeacake，butIranoutoftime.＝Iintendedto________________________acake，butIranoutoftime.我原想做個(gè)蛋糕，但沒(méi)有時(shí)間?！敬鸢浮竣賥iththeintentionof②hadintendedto;havemade2．consequencen．[C]結(jié)果，后果asaconsequence＝inconsequence因此，結(jié)果inconsequenceof＝asaconsequenceof由于……的緣故，因而take/accept/facetheconsequencesof承擔(dān)……的后果ofno/littleconsequence無(wú)足輕重的，不重要的①Hebrokethelaw，andnowhemustfacetheconsequencesofhisactions.他觸犯了法律，現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)自己的行為帶來(lái)的后果。②ManyGulfStateshaveenjoyedgreatwealth________aconsequenceof/inconsequenceofoil.許多海灣國(guó)家因?yàn)槭偷木壒识碛辛司薮蟮呢?cái)富。③Asaconsequenceofsmoking，myfathercoughsfrequently.因?yàn)槲鼰煹木壒剩业母赣H經(jīng)?？人??！敬鸢浮竣赼s3．transformvi.&vt.使改變外觀或性質(zhì)；使改變形態(tài)；轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造(1)transform…into…把……變成……/轉(zhuǎn)化成……transforminto轉(zhuǎn)化成；改造為betransformedfrom…into…由……變成……；由……遷到……(2)transformationn.(外觀或性質(zhì)的)改變，變革①I(mǎi)nthelast30yearsKoreahasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialpower.在過(guò)去的三十年里，韓國(guó)已變成一個(gè)先進(jìn)的工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)。②Theeconomicframeworkofthe21stcenturyisgoingthroughnew________________.21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)格局正在發(fā)生著新的改變。【答案】②transformation4．majorityn．多數(shù)，大多數(shù)(1)beina/themajority占大多數(shù)a/themajorityof大多數(shù)……by/withamajorityof以大多數(shù)……(2)minorityn.少數(shù)inthe/aminority占少數(shù)①ThemajorityofpeopleinterviewedpreferTVtoradio.大多數(shù)接受采訪的人都喜歡看電視而不喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。②Ourcountryisatraditionalagriculturalsociety，with____________farmingpopulation.中國(guó)是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)，農(nóng)村人口占絕大多數(shù)?！敬鸢浮竣赼majorityof[溫馨提示](1)themajority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。(2)Themajorityof＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。))(2015·高考浙江卷，書(shū)面表達(dá))WhenIhaveadifferentopinion，Imaychoosetogiveitupandrespecttheopinionofthemajority.[翻譯]當(dāng)我有不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，我會(huì)選擇放棄自己的觀點(diǎn)而尊重大多數(shù)人的觀點(diǎn)。5．confirmvt.&vi.證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信confirmsth.證實(shí)，確認(rèn)……confirmthat/wh-clause確定，證實(shí)confirmsb.insth.使某人確信某事beconfirmedbysb.被某人認(rèn)可Ithasbeenconfirmedthat…已確定……①M(fèi)ybrotherwillconfirmwhatIhavetoldyou.我弟弟將證實(shí)我跟你說(shuō)過(guò)的話。②Thislatestinformationconfirmsme________thebeliefthatheistoblame.最近這一則消息使我堅(jiān)信他該受到責(zé)備?！敬鸢浮竣趇n6．take…intoconsideration認(rèn)真考慮(1)considervt.考慮；認(rèn)為considerateadj.考慮周到的；體貼的consideringprep.考慮到；就……而言；鑒于(2)showconsiderationfor對(duì)……表示關(guān)心underconsideration在討論/考慮中outofconsiderationfor出于對(duì)……的考慮/體諒①Consideringthis，youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.鑒于此，你也許會(huì)料定這本書(shū)就是干巴巴地描述事實(shí)。②Sheisalwayspoliteand________towardsheremployees.她對(duì)待雇員總是客客氣氣，關(guān)心體諒?！敬鸢浮竣赾onsiderate7．ontheonehand…ontheotherhand…一方面……另一方面……①Ontheonehandthey'dlovetohavekids，butontheother(hand)theydon'twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.一方面他們想要孩子；另一方面他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。②Ononehand,lossimpliesgain；ontheotherhand,gainimpliesloss.塞翁失馬，焉知非福；塞翁得馬，焉知非禍。[詞義辨析]ontheonehand…ontheother(hand)…意為“一方面……另一方面……”，常用來(lái)表述一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)、思想等f(wàn)oronething…foranother(thing)…意為“首先……，再者……”，陳述的兩個(gè)方面的情況常常一致③Throughtheexchangedprogram，IgottoknowMary.____________，MarytaughtEnglish；________________shelearnedChinese.Yesterdayshefoundanarticleforstudying.ButIthinkthearticleisunsuitable.__________it'stoolong;____________it'stoodull.【答案】③Ontheonehand；ontheother(hand)；Foronething；foranother(thing)8．followinone'sfootsteps效仿某人followone'sexample以某人為榜樣followone'sadvice/directions聽(tīng)從/遵循某人的建議/指示followthecrowd隨大流，從眾，按照大眾的意思做事asfollows如下，如下所述followtrafficrules遵守交通規(guī)則①Sheworksintelevision，followinginherfather'sfootsteps.她繼承了父親的事業(yè)，在電視行業(yè)工作。②Therearegoodreasonsnot________thosebadexamples.有很好的理由不以那些不好的例子為榜樣?！敬鸢浮竣趖ofollow9．infavourof贊同，支持；有利于(1)favoursb./sth.喜歡，偏袒，支持(2)insb.'sfavour對(duì)某人有利dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb.給某人以恩惠；幫助某人askafavourofsb.＝asksb.afavour請(qǐng)某人幫個(gè)忙①WillyoudomeafavorbylendingmetheEnglishdictionary?你能不能幫個(gè)忙把英語(yǔ)詞典借給我？②I'mall________favourofpeopledoingwhatevertheywantaslongastheydon'tbotheranyoneelse.我完全支持人們做他們想做的事情，只要他們不妨礙別人?！敬鸢浮竣趇n[句式訓(xùn)練全通關(guān)]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Despitethefactthatallthreeteams________(adopt)differentapproachestotheproblem，theywereallimmediatesuccesses.2．Hefeltrather________(frighten)thatsheshoulddrivethecaratsucha________(frighten)speed.3．—Mr.Priestlyhasjustacceptedourofferoverthephone.—Good，butyoumustaskhimtoconfirmitin________(write)．4．Don'tworryaboutthepresentsituationintheworld；________majorityofpeoplepreferpeacetowar.5．—Whatdoyouthinkofthepoems?—Theyarebeautifultoreadbut________theotherhand，theyarehardtounderstand.6．Don'tlookdownupontheuglylittleworm.Inafewweeks，it________(transform)intoabeautifulbigbutterfly.7．Iamall________favouroftryingtofindwaystosavemoney，butwehavetomaintaincertainstandardsofquality.8．Thefatherdoesn'twanthischildren________(follow)hisexample.9．Sincethenewrulesbegantowork，westudents________(permit)tohaveonehourforexerciseeveryday.10．Itisreportedthatone-thirdofthefoodAmericanseatdependsuponforeignrawmaterialsandthegreatmajorityofthepeople________(get)usedtoit.【答案】1.adopted2.frightened；frightening3.writing4．the5.on6.willtransform7.in8.tofollow9.havebeenpermitted10.getⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Thefrighteningchildheldhismother'shandtightly._____________________________________________________________2．Ineedtocallmydadandaskforpermitbeforewegoout._____________________________________________________________3．Youarethesecondteacheraskmethequestiontoday._____________________________________________________________4．Forme，musicismuchawayoflifethananinterest._____________________________________________________________5．Whateverhappens，wemustpushaheadforwardourplanstoincreaseproduction._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.frightening→frightened2.permit→permission3．在ask前加to4.much→more5.forward→with第二板塊經(jīng)典句式[基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)要牢記](méi)1．The_first_mammal_to_be_clonedsuccessfullyfromanadultcellwasDollythesheep.第一只成功地用成年動(dòng)物細(xì)胞克隆出的哺乳動(dòng)物是多利羊。句中不定式短語(yǔ)tobecloned…作后置定語(yǔ)修飾thefirstmammal。用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)的幾種情況：(1)用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或theonly，no，all，any等限定的中心詞(2)用來(lái)修飾某些抽象名詞，常見(jiàn)的有：ability，chance，promise，way，opportunity，need，attempt，time等(3)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作①Amywastheonlypersontoarriveatthetopofthemountain.艾米是唯一一個(gè)到達(dá)山頂?shù)娜?。②Practiceistheonlyway____________alanguagewell.學(xué)好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的唯一途徑就是實(shí)踐。③Thepowerstation________________nextyearwillbeabigone.明年要建的發(fā)電站將會(huì)很大?！敬鸢浮竣趖olearn③tobebuilt2．Theboywasmorefrightenedthanhurt.這個(gè)男孩與其說(shuō)受傷不如說(shuō)是害怕。句中的more…than…結(jié)構(gòu)意為“與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……”，此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)more后面的內(nèi)容，表示同一個(gè)人或事物的兩種特征對(duì)比，more和than后接不定式、形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等兩個(gè)并列成分。(1)nomorethan僅僅；只不過(guò)nomore…than…和……一樣不……notmorethan不超過(guò)notmore…than…沒(méi)有……那樣……morethan多于，超過(guò)；不僅僅；非常，很；超出(2)themore…themore…越……越……moreandmore＋adj./adv.越來(lái)越……①Don'tbetoohardonhim.He'smorecheatedthanstupid.別對(duì)他太苛刻了，與其說(shuō)他愚蠢倒不如說(shuō)他被欺騙了。②Hewassopoorthathehadnomorethantendollarsleft.他窮得只剩下10美元了。③Ittook________buildingsuppliestoconstructtheseenergy-savinghouses.Ittookbrains，too.建造這些節(jié)能的房屋，不僅僅要花費(fèi)建筑材料，還要付出智力?！敬鸢浮竣踡orethan(2016·高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，書(shū)面表達(dá))Environmentalprotectionismorearesponsibilityforourstudentsthaninterest.[翻譯]對(duì)于我們學(xué)生而言，環(huán)保與其說(shuō)是興趣，倒不如說(shuō)是一種責(zé)任。[句式訓(xùn)練全通關(guān)]Ⅰ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Neitherthisstorynorthatoneisinteresting.→Thisstoryis________moreinteresting________thatone.2．Thispictureisnotso/asbeautifulasthatone.→Thispictureis________morebeautiful________thatone.3．Iamnottheonlypersonthathaswontheprize.→Iamnottheonlyperson________________theprize.4．Itisreportedthatover200countriesparticipatedinthe2014NanjingYouthOlympicGames.→Itisreportedthat________________200countriesparticipatedinthe2014NanjingYouthOlympicGames.【答案】1.no；than2.not；than3.tohavewon4．morethanⅡ.話題寫(xiě)作根據(jù)提示，利用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)，完成下面小作文。1．隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去，網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)我們?cè)絹?lái)越重要。(moreandmore)2．一方面，我們從中受益頗多；另一方面，我們也要把它的負(fù)面影響考慮在內(nèi)。(ontheonehand，ontheotherhand；benefit；take…intoconsideration)3．許多人正在失去面對(duì)面交流的機(jī)會(huì)。(municate)4．有的人甚至沉湎于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這嚴(yán)重影響了他們的健康。(addict)5．所以，我們一定要采用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞竭\(yùn)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)。(asaconsequence，adopt)【參考范文】Withtimegoingby，theInternetismoreandmoreimportanttous.Ontheonehand，webenefitalotfromit；ontheotherhand，weshouldtakeitsnegativeeffectsintoconsideration.Manypeoplearelosingthechancetomunicatewitheachotherfacetoface.Someareevenaddictedtoit，whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealth.Asaconsequence，wemustadoptaproperwaytouseit.[閱讀理解組塊練]Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(山西省太原市2018屆高三第二次模擬考試)LocatedinLosAngeles,UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaisintheheartofaleadingcity.AlthoughLArankshighlyinTheEconomist'sSafeCitiesIndex,navigatingandcitycallsforcertainsafetyprecautions(預(yù)防措施)alongwithpracticingmonsense.?MobileSafetyAppPoweredbyLiveSafeTheMobileSafetyApppoweredbyLiveSafe,managebytheUSCDepartmentofPublicSafetyandtheUSCDepartmentofEmergencyPlanning,isafreedownloadableappthatmobileuserscanusetoinitiatecontactwithemergencyrespondersaroundthecampus.Featuresinclude:immediate“pushbutton”callstoDPS,easyreportingforsuspiciousactivityorcrimesinprogress,andlocationservicestonotifyfriendsofyourroutethroughcampus.?BlueLightPhoneLocationsTheUniversityParkhasmultiplebluelightphonesthatarestrategicallyplacedthroughoutcampus.Takenoteofwheretheclosestonesareonyourroute.Theyeinhandyincaseyouloseyourphoneorinanemergency.ThesephonesaredirectlyconnectedtoUSC'sDepartmentofPublicSafety's24-hourmunicationscenter.Besidesemergencyneeds,itcanalsobeusedtoreportsuspiciousactivity,requestforanescort(護(hù)送)ifyoufeelunsafeandtoreportacrime.?TrojansAlertTrojansAlertisanemergencynotificationsystemthatallowsuniversityofficialstocontactyouduringanemergencybysendingmessagesviatextmessageore-mail.Whenanemergencyoccurs,authorizedUSCsenderswillinstantlynotifyyouwithreal-timeupdates,instructionsonwheretogo,whattodo(orwhatnottodo),whomtocontactandotherimportantinformation.AllmembersoftheUSCmunity,aswellasparentsandregularvisitorstocampus,arestronglyencouragedtosignupforTrojansAlert.1．Whatdobluelightphonesdoforstudents?A．Guidestudentsthroughcampus.B．Alertstudentstocrimeactivities.C．Lightupthewayifstudentsfeelunsafe.D．Connectthemwiththesafetydepartment.2．HowdoesUSCsendoutinstructionsduringanemergency?A．Withbluelightphones.B．Viatextmessageore-mail.C．Throughmobilesafeapp.D．BycallingallUSCmembers.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toencouragestudentstofightcrimes.B．TointroduceUSC'ssafetydepartment.C．ToprovidesafetyservicesforUSCstudents.D．Toinformparentsofsafetyrisksoncampus.【答案與解析】1．D細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)BlueLightPhoneLocations中第四句可知，這些直接連接到南加州大學(xué)公共安全部門(mén)的24小時(shí)通訊中心，故選D。2．B細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)TrojansAlert中第一句可知，TrojansAlert是一個(gè)緊急通知系統(tǒng)，在緊急情況下通過(guò)短信或電子郵件發(fā)出指令，故選B。3．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和下文的安全服務(wù)措施的具體介紹可知，本文的目的是介紹大學(xué)為學(xué)生們提供的安全服務(wù)，故選C。B(2018云南質(zhì)檢)Inasciencefictionfuture,we'llarriveatthehotelinourdriverlesstaxi，checkinatthereceptiondeskstaffedbyandroids,andthenfollowtherobotporter(行李員)asitcarriesourbagstoourroom.However,thisisalreadyasciencefact.Robotsarealreadyworkinginsomehotels—theHenn-naHotelinSasebo，Japanismannedentirelybymachines.InaMarriotthotelinGhent,Belgium,ahumanoidrobotnamedMariohasbeenworkingsinceJune2015.Hewelesguestsin19languages.Anotherrobothasjusttakenupaconcierge(接待員)positionataHiltonMcLeanhotelinVirginia.Sotheriseofthehotelmachinesseemsunstoppable,butwillguestsreallywanttostayinrobot-runhotels?Andwilliteatthecostofhumaninteractionandhumanjobs?U．S.onlinebookingpanyTravelzoogatheredsomestatistics.Ofthe6,000travelerssurveyedglobally,nearlytwothirdssaidthey'dbefortablewiththeideaofbeinglookedafterbymachines.RichardSinger,Travelzoo'sEuropeanpresident,sayshewelesthedaywhenappsandmachineswillgetusfromlobbies(大堂)torooms.Buthowtostoparobotstealingyourjob?“Alotofjobsconsiderednon-automatableinthepastarenowautomatable，”saidCarlBenediktFreyfromUniversityofOxford,anexpertontechnologyandemployment.ButFreysaysit'sstilltooearlytosaywhateffectrobotswillhaveonemploymentlevels.Inotherwords,eventhoughrobotsmaysoonbecheckingusin,that'snoexcuseforustobeout.4．Threehotelsarementionedinthetexttoshowthat________.A．robotsarealreadyworkinginhotelsinrealityB．manymonjobscanbedonebyrobotsC．robotscanreallyhelppeoplecheckintohotelsD．therearenowsomerestaurantsrunbyrobots5．ThepanyTravelzoofoundoutthat________.A．robotswillputhotelemployeesoutofworkB．robotsstillhavealongwaytogotoreplacehumansC．thehotelrobotsaremostlywell-receivedD．somehoteljobscanbeautomatable6．WhatisRichardSinger'sattitudetowardsusingrobotsinhotels?A．Doubtful. B．Positive.C．Negative. D．Cautious.7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．JapanOpensWorld'sFirstRobotHotelB．OurNextHotelWillBeStaffedbyRobotsC．HowtopetewithRobotsforaJobD．HowGuestsReacttoRobotService【答案與解析】4．A寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)第三段并結(jié)合文中介紹的三個(gè)由機(jī)器人提供服務(wù)的賓館可以判斷，文中提及這三個(gè)賓館是為了說(shuō)明在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，機(jī)器人已經(jīng)在賓館工作了，故A項(xiàng)正確。5．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段可知，有近三分之二的客戶認(rèn)為由機(jī)器人照顧他們是舒適的；據(jù)此可知，Travelzoo公司的調(diào)查結(jié)果是在賓館工作的機(jī)器人得到了大部分顧客的好評(píng)，故C項(xiàng)正確。6．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段可知，RichardSinger歡迎機(jī)器人取代人的工作；據(jù)此可以判斷，RichardSinger對(duì)賓館機(jī)器人持積極的態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。7．B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文首段通過(guò)介紹科幻小說(shuō)中提及的在賓館服務(wù)的機(jī)器人來(lái)引出本文的話題；接著介紹在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中已經(jīng)有三個(gè)賓館使用了機(jī)器人；最后介紹對(duì)賓館機(jī)器人服務(wù)的評(píng)價(jià)及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)；據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。CAfamilywatchingadolphinfromtheirboatwereshockedwhenitdroppedthemoffacod(鱈魚(yú))supperfordinner.ThegroupwereenjoyingwatchingthemammalplayinginthewaterwhenitsuddenlydiveddownandcaughtthecodbeforeplacingitneartoLucyWatkins,14.Thedolphinthenappearedandbeganpullingthefishtowardsthestunnedteenager.Lucyandhergrandparentswonderedwhethertheyshouldpickupthefishincasethedolphinwanteditfortea.Butthedolphinthenappearedsecondslaterwithhisownfish，thistimeaseabass(石斑魚(yú))，andbeganeating.Thefamilygratefullyacceptedthecod，whichweighedabout101bs，beforetakingithometocookfortheirdinner.Lucysaid，“Hedefinitelywantedmetohavehisfish.Hefirstdroppedit20feetawaybutthenpushedittowithin5feetofmyboat.Everyonewaswatchingonthebeachandwecausedquiteastir(震動(dòng))whenwecamebackwiththecod.”GrandmotherNinaadded，“ItwasasifhewassayingtoLucy‘Don'tworry，nowI'vegotafishtoplaywithandsohaveyou.Thisismineformytea;youhavethatoneforyours.’”“Hewasjustsoplayfulandcontenttobearoundus.Lucywasswingingherfingersinthewaterandheseemedtobeattractedbythat.”“IfIhadn'tseenitmyselfI'dneverhavebelievedit.Mytheoryisthathewaslonelyandwantedhumanpany.Hewaswithusforabouttwohours.”“Itseemedrudetorefusehimsowetookthefishandhadcodandchipsforsupper.Itwasmassive.I'vestillgothalfinthefreezer.”Aspokesmansaid，“Thisisaveryinterestingaccount.Therearemanyexamplesworldwideofdolphinsinteractingwithhumans.Wewouldappealtopeopletoleavelivingspaceforthem.”8．WhydidLucyandhergrandparentswonderwhethertopickupthefish?A．Becausetheywereafraidtoacceptthefish.B．Becausetheywerenotsurewhetherthefishwasthegifttothem.C．Becausethefishwastoobig.D．Becausetheywereverygrateful.9．InParagraph3，theunderlinedword“stunned”canbereplacedby“________”．A．a(chǎn)stonished B．upsetC．disappointed D．worried10．FromwhatcanLucyWatkinsbelievethefishwasthegifttoher?A.Therearemanyexamplesworldwideofdolphinsinteractingwithhumans.B．Everyonewaswatchingonthebeach.C．Thedolphinfirstdroppedbutthenpusheditneartheirboat.D．Thedolphinlikestoplaywithher.11．Accordingtothepassage，wecaninferthat________.A．Lucy'sswingingherfingersinthewaterfrightenedthedolphinawayB．GrandmotherNinahadneverbelievedthisC．thefishisnotdelicioussotheygothalfinthefreezerD．a(chǎn)spokesmansuggestedthatdolphinsshouldhavetheirlivingspace【答案與解析】8．B推理判斷題。由第三段incasethedolphinwanteditfortea可知，他們不確定這是不是海豚專(zhuān)門(mén)送給他們的禮物，故選B。9．A詞義猜測(cè)題。由語(yǔ)境可知海豚把魚(yú)推給露西，這應(yīng)使她感到非常的驚訝。10．C根據(jù)第五段Hefirstdroppedit20feetawaybutthenpushedit…可知C為正確選項(xiàng)。11．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段leavelivingspaceforthem可知，人們應(yīng)該讓海豚有自己的生活空間。D(安徽省江淮十校2018屆高三4月第三次聯(lián)考)Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,scientistssaidonThursday.ByDecember2017,theChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemacaques(獼猴)named“ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofbodycells—anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.ThiswasthesimilartechnologyusedtocreatethefamousclonesheepDollyin1996.Telra,amonkeybornin1999,istheworld'sfirstever-clonedmonkey,butitwasdoneusingasimplermethodcalledembryosplitting(胚胎分裂)，andcannotbegeneticallymodifiedtosuitexperimentalneeds,saidPuMuming,aleadingresearcherattheChineseAcademyofSciences.“Cloningamonkeyusingbodycellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi))thatsharesitsgeneticmakeup,thereforeallofitsplexity,withhumans，”hesaid.“Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostly,badfortheenvironmentandproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes，”P(pán)usaid.“Bycloningmonkeyusingbodycells,wecanmassreproducealargenumberofgeneticallyidenticalmonkeysinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds，”headded.“Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.”SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent.Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans.ThisachievementwillhelpChinaleadtheworldresearchinaninternationalscienceprojectrelatedtostudyofprimatebrains.12．Whichdescriptionofthetwoclonemacaquesistrue?A．Theywerethefirstmonkeysever-clonedintheworld.B．Theywerecreatedusingreproductivecells.C．Theywouldbefedtosuitexperimentalneeds.D．ThetechnologyusedtocreatethemwassimilartothatofcreatingDolly.13．Theunderlinedwordinthefourthparagraphisclosestto“________”inmeaning.A．same B．similarC．relevant D．close14．Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A．PuMumingandSunQiangweredoingmostworkincloningthetwomacaques.B．Geneticresearchonmonkeyscanbeseenaseffectiveasthatonhumans.C．Mostdrugtrialshavebeendoneonmicebecausemicesharethesamegeneticmakeupandplexitywithhumans.D．Scientistscanmassreproduceclonedmonkeystocutdownexperimentcosts.15．Thispassageabovecanbemostprobablyreadin________.A．a(chǎn)sciencemagazine B．a(chǎn)guidebookC．a(chǎn)sciencefiction D．a(chǎn)brochure【答案與解析】12．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，克隆獼猴使用的技術(shù)與著名的克隆羊多利使用的技術(shù)是相似的。故選D。13．A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線句中提到的reproduce以及下文中的wecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds可推斷，通過(guò)用身體細(xì)胞克隆猴子，我們可以在很短的時(shí)間里克隆大量基因相同的猴子，甚至改變他們的基因滿足我們的要求。因此推斷畫(huà)線詞詞義與A項(xiàng)“same”相同。14．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第一句可知，猴子和人都是靈長(zhǎng)類(lèi)，他們關(guān)系密切，因此對(duì)于猴子的基因研究與對(duì)人類(lèi)的研究一樣有效。故選B。15．A推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要講述克隆技術(shù)方面的研究成果，中國(guó)成功用非生殖細(xì)胞克隆出獼猴。因此推斷文章很可能在科技雜志上讀到。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五EvaluatingSources(來(lái)源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableeva