192024屆廣東省大亞灣區(qū)普通高中畢業(yè)高三第一次聯(lián)合模擬考試（一）英語試卷

2024屆大灣區(qū)普通高中畢業(yè)年級聯(lián)合模擬考試(一)英語滿分120分考試時(shí)間120分鐘注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級、姓名、考場號、座位號和準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上,將條形碼橫貼在答題卡“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆在答題卡上將對應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答,答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng),先劃掉原來的答案,然后再寫上新答案；不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACritics’choice:Theyear’sbestnovels…1.TheLoveSongsofW.E.B.DuBoisbyHonoréeFanonneJeffers(Harper,$29)Thenovelfromacelebratedpoet,this800workismanythingsatonce:amovingcoming-of-agestory,anexaminationofrace,andanexplorationofAmericanhistory.Outofcuriosityaboutthesecretsinherfamily,AileyuncoversstoriesthattracebacktoherNativeAmerican,Scottish,andenslavedAfrican-Americanancestors.2.MatrixbyLaurenGroff(Knopf,$28)IfMatrixwerewrittenbyanyoneelse,itwouldbeahardsell.ButLaurenGroffhasreimaginedthelifeof12th-centurypoetMariedeFrancesothatwecan’thelpbutstaywiththisroyalcastoffasshe’ssentaway,at17,torunapoorchurch,whichsheeventuallychangesintoashelterforwomenandachallengetothemale-dominatedworld.3.KlaraandtheSunbyKazuoIshiguro(Knopf,$28)Arobotthathasbeenprogrammedtobeasicklyteenager’s“ArtificialFriend,”Klaraservesasoureyesonatroublingnearfutureinwhichtechnologicalprogressispushingmoralboundaries.ButheroutsiderviewallowstheauthorofRemainsoftheDay,nowaNobelPrizewinner,toexplorewhatmakespeopleirreplaceable.4.CloudCuckooLandbyAnthonyDoerr(Scribner,$30)Doerr’sfirstnovelsince2014coversseveralhundredyears—from1453Constantinopletoa22nd-centuryspaceshipescapingfromEarth.Thebookruns640pages,butwithoutawastedword.AsengagingasagreatbedtimestoryandasreadableasHarryPotter,it’saboveallacelebrationofthehumanspiritanditspowertodreamimpossibledreams.1.Whichbookiswrittenbyapoet?A.TheLoveSongsofW.E.B.DuBois. B.Matrix.C.KlaraandtheSun. D.CloudCuckooLand.2.WhatisthecentralthemeexploredinKlaraandtheSun?A.Historicalevents. B.Pursuitofdreams.C.Humanirreplaceability. D.Teenagers’friendship.3.Whatdothefournovelshaveincommon?A.Theyallcoverhundredsofyears. B.Theyareallchosenbycritics.C.Theyarealltheauthor’sfirstnovel. D.Themaincharactersareallhumans.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四部被評論家認(rèn)為是年度最佳的小說?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheLoveSongsofW.E.B.DuBois中“Thenovelfromacelebratedpoet(這是一位著名詩人寫的小說)”可知，這部作品是由詩人創(chuàng)作的。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KlaraandtheSun中“ButheroutsiderviewallowstheauthorofRemainsoftheDay,nowaNobelPrizewinner,toexplorewhatmakespeopleirreplaceable.(但她的局外人視角讓《長日將盡》的作者，現(xiàn)在的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主，去探索是什么讓人不可替代)”可知，這部作品探討的核心主題是人的不可替代性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Critics’choice:Theyear’sbestnovels…(評論家之選：本年度最佳小說……)”可知，這四部作品都是由評論家挑選的。故選B項(xiàng)。BTheworldofunderwaterslumberisunlikewhatweseeonthesurface.Formammals(哺乳動(dòng)物),agoodnight’ssleepsendsananimalintoastateofunconsciousness(無知覺)duringhoursofrestorativesleepingthathelpshealthebodyandsolidifymemoriesfirmlyinthemind.Forfish,however,sleepisn’tsuchawell-definedprocess.Instead,manyfishspecieshavetakentospendingshortperiodsinastateofreducedactivityorrestwhilekeepingtheireyesopentoscanthewaterforpotentialthreats.Duringtheseperiodsofreducedactivity,afish’sbodilyfunctionsslowdownanditswatchfulnessdrops.Thebreadthofanimalsintheoceanthatexhibitthistypeofreducedactivityiswidereaching.Amongthehundredsofthousandsofcreaturesinthesea,somemerelyridealongwiththecurrent,suchasjellyfish.Othersfindrockybedroomsforthenight,whilethosesuchasstingraysburythemselvesinthesandtorest.However,itmustbereallyhardtogetagoodnight’ssleepwhenyoubreatheairbutliveinwater.Thisissomethingthattheworld’sunderwatermammalshavetodealwith.Topreventthemselvesfromdrowning(溺死)intheirsleep,underwatermammalssuchasdolphinsandmanateeshavedevelopedtheabilityto“turnoff”onesideoftheirbraintorest,knownasunihemisphericsleep.Whileonesideisfastasleep,theotherkeepsalltheanimal’svitalfunctionsrunning,suchasbreathing.Manatees,forexample,lovetosleep,spendingupto12hoursadayinadeepslumber.However,asair-breathinganimals,manateesneedtosurfaceevery20minutesorsoforoxygen.Toachievethis,thehalfofthebrainthat’sstillawakesendsthesleepingmanateetothesurfacetogetsomeair.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“slumber”inparagraph1mean?A.Rest. B.Sleep. C.Danger. D.Activity.5.Whyisithardtodefinesleepforfish?A.Becausefishremainpartiallyawake. B.Becausefishneedshortrestingtime.C.Becausefishpossessnoconsciousness. D.Becausefishpretendnottobesleeping.6.Whatisachallengefacedbyunderwatermammals?A.Hidinginsand. B.Ridingthecurrent.C.Findingspotstorest. D.Breathingwhilesleeping.7.Howdomanateesensuretheiroxygensupplyduringsleep?A.Bysleepingless. B.Byadaptingtothesea.C.Bysurfacingperiodically. D.Bycontrollingtheirbreath.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海洋動(dòng)物不同于陸地動(dòng)物的睡眠方式，魚類保持部分警覺，眼睛睜著休息，很多動(dòng)物也會(huì)減少活動(dòng)達(dá)到休息的目的，而海豚、海牛等哺乳動(dòng)物在水下睡覺時(shí)僅會(huì)關(guān)閉大腦的一側(cè)，以保持呼吸。【4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的下文“Formammals(哺乳動(dòng)物),agoodnight’ssleepsendsananimalintoastateofunconsciousness(無知覺)duringhoursofrestorativesleepingthathelpshealthebodyandsolidifymemoriesfirmlyinthemind.Forfish,however,sleepisn’tsuchawell-definedprocess.(對于哺乳動(dòng)物來說，晚上睡個(gè)好覺會(huì)讓它們在恢復(fù)性睡眠的幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)進(jìn)入無意識狀態(tài)，這有助于治愈身體，并在大腦中牢固地鞏固記憶。然而，對于魚類來說，睡眠并不是一個(gè)定義明確的過程)”可知，此處是對比海洋生物和陸地上哺乳動(dòng)物的睡眠情況，畫線詞所在句的意思應(yīng)該是“水下睡眠的世界與我們在水面上看到的不同”，slumber意思應(yīng)該是“睡眠”，與sleep意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forfish,however,sleepisn’tsuchawell-definedprocess.Instead,manyfishspecieshavetakentospendingshortperiodsinastateofreducedactivityorrestwhilekeepingtheireyesopentoscanthewaterforpotentialthreats.(然而，對于魚類來說，睡眠并不是一個(gè)定義明確的過程。相反，許多魚類會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)減少活動(dòng)或休息，同時(shí)睜大眼睛掃視水中潛在的威脅)”可知，魚類很難定義睡眠的原因是它們會(huì)保持部分清醒。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“However,itmustbereallyhardtogetagoodnight’ssleepwhenyoubreatheairbutliveinwater.Thisissomethingthattheworld’sunderwatermammalshavetodealwith.(然而，當(dāng)你呼吸空氣卻生活在水中時(shí)，你一定很難睡個(gè)好覺。這是世界上的水下哺乳動(dòng)物不得不面對的問題)”可知，水下哺乳動(dòng)物面對的挑戰(zhàn)是在睡覺的同時(shí)進(jìn)行呼吸。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“However,asair-breathinganimals,manateesneedtosurfaceevery20minutesorsoforoxygen.Toachievethis,thehalfofthebrainthat’sstillawakesendsthesleepingmanateetothesurfacetogetsomeair.(然而，作為呼吸空氣的動(dòng)物，海牛需要每20分鐘左右浮出水面吸氧。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，仍然清醒的那一半大腦會(huì)把睡著的海牛送到水面上呼吸一些空氣)”可知，海牛通過定期浮出水面來證睡眠時(shí)的氧氣供應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。CProfessorLumseemstobeunderthespellofChatGPT,butlet’snotgetcarriedawaywiththeAIchatbotcraze.Whileitdoeshavesomebenefits,hisargumentsarelikealeakyboatinastormysea-fullofholes.AccordingtoProfessorLum,ChatGPToffersstudentsawealthofinformation.Sure,it’slikehavingawalkingencyclopedia(百科全書),butlearningisnotaboutcopyingananswer.It’saboutthejourneyofdiscovery.ChatGPT,armedwithitsvastdatabase,deniesstudentstheopportunitytoexploreandlearnthroughtheirownefforts.It’slikeawardingaparticipationmedalforaracethathasn’tevenbegun!HealsoclaimsthatChatGPTimprovescommunicationskills.Seriously?ChattingwithanAIisnotthesameashavingarealconversation.Howcanweexpectstudentstohandlethecomplexitiesoftherealworldifalltheyknowishowtotalktoachatbot?Let’snotturnthemintosociallyawkwardbotsthemselves.Oh,andlet’snotforgetaboutcriticalthinking.ProfessorLumthinksChatGPTchallengesstudentstothinkcritically.Butcomeon,folks!It’smerelyamachine!It’snotgoingtoteachthemhowtoquestionassumptions,analyzeevidence,orcomeupwithinnovativesolutions.Weneedhumaninteractionandlivelydebatesforthat.Lastly,ProfessorLumbelievesChatGPTcanprovidesupportandguidance.Again,seriously?Arewegoingtoreplacehumanemotionswithlinesofcode(代碼)？ChatGPTmightoffersomecomfortingwords,butitcan’treplacethewarmthandunderstandingthatcanonlybefoundinhumaninteraction.Letusnotabandonourstudents,leavingthemtofeelmorealoneanddisconnectedthaneverbefore.ProfessorLum’sopinionregardingChatGPTwarnsusagainsttoomuchrelianceontechnology.RatherthanprioritizingChatGPT,thefocusshouldbeondevelopingcriticalthinking,promotinggenuinehumaninteraction,andemphasizingthecoreaspectsofeducation.8.Whatiscomparedtoaparticipationmedalinparagraph2?A.Awalkingencyclopedia. B.Ajourneytoexplore.C.Avastdatabase. D.Ananswer.9.WhatcanbeinferredaboutChatGPTfromparagraphs3~5?A.Itisnotgoodatsocializing. B.Itisaskilledcriticalthinker.C.Itoffersnothinghelpfultohumans. D.Itformsawarmbondwithhumans.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsChatGPT?A.Totallynegative. B.Fullysupportive.C.Highlyskeptical. D.Quiteindifferent.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocriticizeaviewpoint. B.Toquestionanauthority.C.Toclarifytwoarguments. D.Tocomparetwochatbots.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.A【解析】【分析】文章是說明文。介紹了Lum教授似乎被ChatGPT迷住了，認(rèn)為ChatGPT有非常多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是作者提醒不能過多依賴技術(shù)，應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在發(fā)展批判性思維、促進(jìn)真正的人際互動(dòng)和強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的核心方面?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段第二句“Sure,it’slikehavingawalkingencyclopedia(百科全書),butlearningisnotaboutcopyingananswer.”(當(dāng)然，這就像有一本活百科全書,但學(xué)習(xí)并不是復(fù)制答案。)和文章第二段第四句“ChatGPT,armedwithitsvastdatabase,deniesstudentstheopportunitytoexploreandlearnthroughtheirownefforts.”(擁有龐大數(shù)據(jù)庫的ChatGPT剝奪了學(xué)生通過自己的努力探索和學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。)可知，ChatGPT為學(xué)生提供了豐富的信息，但是同時(shí)也剝奪了孩子自努力探索學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)，答案都是直接獲得。就好比比賽還未開始就頒發(fā)了參賽獎(jiǎng)牌，所以此處參賽獎(jiǎng)牌指的是學(xué)習(xí)之旅還未開始就提供了答案。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第三段“ChattingwithanAIisnotthesameashavingarealconversation.Howcanweexpectstudentstohandlethecomplexitiesoftherealworldifalltheyknowishowtotalktoachatbot?Let’snotturnthemintosociallyawkwardbotsthemselves.”(與人工智能聊天并不等同于進(jìn)行真正的對話。如果學(xué)生只知道如何與聊天機(jī)器人交談，我們怎么能指望他們處理現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的復(fù)雜性？我們不要把他們自己變成社交尷尬的機(jī)器人。)文章第四段“It’smerelyamachine!It’snotgoingtoteachthemhowtoquestionassumptions,analyzeevidence,orcomeupwithinnovativesolutions.Weneedhumaninteractionandlivelydebatesforthat.”(這只是一臺(tái)機(jī)器！它不會(huì)教他們?nèi)绾钨|(zhì)疑假設(shè)、分析證據(jù)或提出創(chuàng)新的解決方案。為此，我們需要人與人之間的互動(dòng)和激烈的辯論。)和文章第五段“ChatGPTmightoffersomecomfortingwords,butitcan’treplacethewarmthandunderstandingthatcanonlybefoundinhumaninteraction.”(ChatGPT可能會(huì)提供一些安慰的話語，但它無法取代只有在人類互動(dòng)中才能找到的溫暖和理解。)可知，作者針對Lum教授提出的關(guān)于ChatGPT在與人交往方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)都提出了反駁。認(rèn)為ChatGPT無法實(shí)現(xiàn)真正人與人之間的互動(dòng)和交流，也無法取代只有在人類社交互動(dòng)中才能找到的溫暖和理解。所以可推測ChatGPT不善于人際交往。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Whileitdoeshavesomebenefits,hisargumentsarelikealeakyboatinastormysea-fullofholes.”(雖然這確實(shí)有一些好處，但他的論點(diǎn)就像暴風(fēng)雨中漏洞百出的船。)可知，作者認(rèn)為ChatGPT確實(shí)存在一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但對于Lum教授認(rèn)為ChatGPT可以提升交際技能，培養(yǎng)批判性思維和提供支持和指導(dǎo)作者持不贊成和懷疑態(tài)度。故填C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ProfessorLumseemstobeunderthespellofChatGPT,butlet’snotgetcarriedawaywiththeAIchatbotcraze.Whileitdoeshavesomebenefits,hisargumentsarelikealeakyboatinastormysea-fullofholes.”(Lum教授似乎被ChatGPT迷住了，但我們不要被人工智能聊天機(jī)器人的熱潮沖昏頭腦。雖然這確實(shí)有一些好處，但他的論點(diǎn)就像暴風(fēng)雨中漏洞百出的船。)和最后一段“ProfessorLum’sopinionregardingChatGPTwarnsusagainsttoomuchrelianceontechnology.RatherthanprioritizingChatGPT,thefocusshouldbeondevelopingcriticalthinking,promotinggenuinehumaninteraction,andemphasizingthecoreaspectsofeducation.”(Lum教授關(guān)于ChatGPT的觀點(diǎn)警告我們不要過度依賴技術(shù)。與其優(yōu)先考慮ChatGPT，不如把重點(diǎn)放在發(fā)展批判性思維、促進(jìn)真正的人際互動(dòng)和強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的核心方面。)可知，作者針對Lum教授的觀點(diǎn)提出了反駁。作者認(rèn)為不要過度依賴技術(shù)，應(yīng)把重點(diǎn)放在發(fā)展批判性思維、促進(jìn)真正的人際互動(dòng)和強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的核心方面。故選A項(xiàng)。DIftherewasanapponyourphonethatclaimedtoimproveyourmemory,wouldyoubewillingtotryit?It’shardtoresisttheideaofhavingabettermemory.Afterall,ourmemoriesaredelicateandcanbeaffectedbyvariousfactorssuchasdiseases,injuries,mentalhealthconditions,andaging.Inresponsetothisperceivedneed,thebraintrainingindustryhasgrownrapidly,offeringawiderangeofaccessibleandaffordablementalexercisesthroughsmartphoneandtabletapps.Manyresearchershavefoundevidencesuggestingthatwell-designedexercisescanimprovementalabilitiesandevenleadtobetterscoresonIQtests.Theycomparethebraintomuscles,suggestingthattargetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisescanstrengthenandconditionourmemoryprocesses,similartohowathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingspecificmusclegroups.Incontrasttoeverydayactivitieslikereadingadetailedarticleorsolvingacomplexpuzzle,memorytrainingappsarespecificallydesignedtoprovideamorechallengingworkoutforthebrain.Theseappstypicallyinvolvetasksthatrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhilebeingdistractedbyasecondarytask,suchasmentalcalculationsorexploringagame’slandscape.Ifthisbraintrainingproveseffective,itcouldbebeneficialforindividualswithbrain-relateddisabilitiesorthoserecoveringfromconditionslikecancer.Critics,though,arguethatwhiletheconceptisappealing,theoverallevidencefailstodemonstratesignificantimprovementincorebrainprocesses.Additionally,despitetheclaimsmadebymanyappsandbraintrainingcompanies,scientistshaveyettoidentifythekeyfactorsthatmakeaninterventiontrulyeffectiveordeterminethebestapproachestoaddressthediverseneedsofindividualsseekinghelp.Whilethequestionisstillopentodebate,thereisevidencesuggestingthatshort-termworkingmemorytrainingcanbenefithigh-functioningindividuals,suchascollegestudents.However,it’simportanttonotethatbraintraining,likedietandexercise,isunlikelytohaveidenticaleffectsoneveryindividual.12.Inwhatwayisthebrainsimilartomusclesaccordingtomanyresearchers?A.Intestingresults. B.Inworkprocesses.C.Inbodilyfunctions. D.Intrainingmethods.13.Whatisthemainfeatureofthetypicaltasksinmemorytrainingapps?A.Detailed. B.Effective. C.Demanding. D.Complicated.14.Whatdocriticsthinkmemorytrainingappslack?A.Legalclaims. B.Proveneffects. C.Tailoredservices. D.Appealingconcepts.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Canourmemorybeimproved?B.Doesbraintrainingactuallywork?C.Whathavescientistsfoundaboutmemory?D.Whatdoesthebraintrainingindustrybring?【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了許多研究者認(rèn)為經(jīng)過良好設(shè)計(jì)的大腦練習(xí)能夠改善記憶力，但批評者則對這些應(yīng)用程序的有效性表示懷疑，值得注意的是，雖然有證據(jù)顯示短期記憶訓(xùn)練對高功能人群有益，但大腦訓(xùn)練并不是對每個(gè)人都有效?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theycomparethebraintomuscles,suggestingthattargetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisescanstrengthenandconditionourmemoryprocesses,similartohowathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedlyexercisingspecificmusclegroups.(他們將大腦類比于肌肉，表明有針對性的重復(fù)記憶練習(xí)可以加強(qiáng)和調(diào)節(jié)我們的記憶過程，類似于運(yùn)動(dòng)員通過反復(fù)鍛煉特定肌肉群來增強(qiáng)力量和調(diào)節(jié)能力)”可知，許多研究者認(rèn)為大腦類似于肌肉，也可以通過重復(fù)的練習(xí)來得到加強(qiáng)和調(diào)節(jié)，即訓(xùn)練方法相似。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Incontrasttoeverydayactivitieslikereadingadetailedarticleorsolvingacomplexpuzzle,memorytrainingappsarespecificallydesignedtoprovideamorechallengingworkoutforthebrain.Theseappstypicallyinvolvetasksthatrequiretrackingalargenumberofobjectswhilebeingdistractedbyasecondarytask,suchasmentalcalculationsorexploringagame’slandscape.(與閱讀一篇詳細(xì)的文章或解決一個(gè)復(fù)雜的謎題等日?；顒?dòng)不同，記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序是專門為大腦提供更具挑戰(zhàn)性的鍛煉而設(shè)計(jì)的。這些應(yīng)用通常涉及需要跟蹤大量對象的任務(wù)，同時(shí)被次要任務(wù)分散注意力，例如心算或探索游戲景觀)”可知，記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序中典型任務(wù)的主要特點(diǎn)是具有挑戰(zhàn)性，非常苛刻。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Critics,though,arguethatwhiletheconceptisappealing,theoverallevidencefailstodemonstratesignificantimprovementincorebrainprocesses.(然而，批評者認(rèn)為，盡管這個(gè)概念很吸引人，但總體證據(jù)未能證明大腦核心過程有顯著改善)”可知，批評者認(rèn)為記憶訓(xùn)練應(yīng)用程序缺乏經(jīng)過證實(shí)的效果。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章的話題是通過手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行大腦訓(xùn)練以提高記憶力，許多研究者認(rèn)為經(jīng)過良好設(shè)計(jì)的大腦練習(xí)能夠改善記憶力，但批評者則對這些應(yīng)用程序的有效性表示懷疑，值得注意的是，雖然有證據(jù)顯示短期記憶訓(xùn)練對高功能人群有益，但大腦訓(xùn)練并不是對每個(gè)人都有效。因此，B項(xiàng)“大腦訓(xùn)練真的有效嗎？”契合文章主旨，最適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thesenioryearofhighschoolcanbearollercoasterrideofemotionsasyoustartthejourneytowardscollegeandadulthood.___16___,butitcanalsobestressful.However,withtherightstressmanagementstrategies,youcannegotiatethisimportantyearwithconfidenceandsuccess.___17___.Createadetailedtimelineforexamsandotherimportantlearningtasks.Breakdownthesetasksintosmaller,manageablesteps,andtacklethemoneatatime.Byhavingaclearroadmapinplace,youcanavoidthefearedlast-minutepanicandstayontopofyourstudies.Moreover,takecareofyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.___18___.Engageinactivitiesyouenjoy,whetherit’splayingamusicalinstrumentorsimplyspendingtimewithfriends.Takingcareofyourselfwillhelpyoustayfocused,energized,andreadytotackleanychallengesthatcomeyourway.Remember,you’renotaloneonthisjourney.Reachoutforsupportwheneveryouneedit.Whetherit’sseekingguidancefromteachersorleaningonyourclassmatesforemotionalsupport,don’thesitatetoaskforhelp.___19___.Finally,maintainapositivemindsetthroughouttheyear.Surroundyourselfwithsupportivefriendsandfamilywhobelieveinyouandyourabilities.___20___.Rememberthatsetbacksareanaturalpartoftheprocessandusethemasopportunitiestolearnandgrow.Thesenioryearofhighschoolcanbeamixofemotions,butbyadoptingthesestrategies,youcanmakethemostofitandsetyourselfupforsuccessasyouventureintothenextchapterofyourlife.A.AlwayssticktothemainroadB.Tostartwith,it’scrucialtoplanaheadC.YoumayfindthemdisappointingsometimesD.Celebrateyourachievements,nomatterhowsmallE.It’sanexcitingtimefilledwithdreamsandpossibilitiesF.TheycanlendalisteningearandprovideinvaluableadviceG.Getenoughsleep,eatnutritiousmeals,andexerciseregularly【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要為高三的學(xué)生介紹了如何有效地管理和減輕這一年可能面臨的壓力。【16題詳解】前文“Thesenioryearofhighschoolcanbearollercoasterrideofemotionsasyoustartthejourneytowardscollegeandadulthood.(隨著你開始邁向大學(xué)和成年的旅程，高中的最后一年可能是一次情緒的過山車)”說明學(xué)生在高中的最后一年情緒起伏會(huì)很大，后文“butitcanalsobestressful(但它也會(huì)帶來壓力)”說明會(huì)有壓力，結(jié)合but可知空處內(nèi)容與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出這段時(shí)間是令人開心的，因此E項(xiàng)“It’sanexcitingtimefilledwithdreamsandpossibilities(這是一個(gè)充滿夢想和可能性的激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻)”符合語境，說明會(huì)有激動(dòng)人心的感受，承接前文，和后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，其中的It指代前文的Thesenioryearofhighschool。故選E?！?7題詳解】空處位于段首，是段落主旨句，需統(tǒng)領(lǐng)段落內(nèi)容。根據(jù)后文“Createadetailedtimelineforexamsandotherimportantlearningtasks.Breakdownthesetasksintosmaller,manageablesteps,andtacklethemoneatatime.(為考試和其他重要的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)制定詳細(xì)的時(shí)間表。把這些任務(wù)分解成更小的、易于管理的步驟，然后一次一個(gè)地解決它們)”可知，本段主要建議制定計(jì)劃，分步驟完成，因此B項(xiàng)“Tostartwith,it’scrucialtoplanahead(首先，提前計(jì)劃是至關(guān)重要的)”符合語境，強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃的重要性，契合后文內(nèi)容。故選B。【18題詳解】前文“Moreover,takecareofyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.(此外，照顧好你身心健康)”建議注意身心健康，后文“Engageinactivitiesyouenjoy,whetherit’splayingamusicalinstrumentorsimplyspendingtimewithfriends.(從事你喜歡的活動(dòng)，無論是演奏樂器還是只是和朋友呆在一起)”給出具體的注意心理健康的做法，因此G項(xiàng)“Getenoughsleep,eatnutritiousmeals,andexerciseregularly(保證充足的睡眠，吃有營養(yǎng)的食物，經(jīng)常鍛煉)”符合語境，給出具體的注意身體健康的做法，承接前文，和后一句是平行關(guān)系。故選G?！?9題詳解】前文“Reachoutforsupportwheneveryouneedit.Whetherit’sseekingguidancefromteachersorleaningonyourclassmatesforemotionalsupport,don’thesitatetoaskforhelp.(在你需要幫助的時(shí)候?qū)で髱椭?。無論是向老師尋求指導(dǎo)，還是向同學(xué)尋求情感支持，都要毫不猶豫地尋求幫助)”鼓勵(lì)在需要幫助的時(shí)候向身邊的人尋求幫助，因此F項(xiàng)“Theycanlendalisteningearandprovideinvaluableadvice(他們可以傾聽并提供寶貴的建議)”符合語境，介紹這些人可以提供的幫助，承接前文，其中的They指代前文的teachers和yourclassmates。故選F?！?0題詳解】前文“Finally,maintainapositivemindsetthroughouttheyear.Surroundyourselfwithsupportivefriendsandfamilywhobelieveinyouandyourabilities.(最后，全年保持積極的心態(tài)。和支持你的朋友和家人在一起，他們相信你和你的能力)”建議保持積極的心態(tài)，和相信自己的人待在一起，后文“Rememberthatsetbacksareanaturalpartoftheprocessandusethemasopportunitiestolearnandgrow.(記住，挫折是過程中很自然的一部分，把它們當(dāng)作學(xué)習(xí)和成長的機(jī)會(huì))”提醒對待挫折的方法，因此D項(xiàng)“Celebrateyourachievements,nomatterhowsmall(慶祝你的成就，不管多小)”符合語境，說明對待成就的方法，承接前文，引出后文，其中的achievements和后文的setbacks呼應(yīng)。故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Fromtheageofeight,IattendedalittleboardingschoolontheDerbyshire-Staffordshireborder.OnSundayafternoons,the___21___wouldleaveustowandertheedgeofthegroundswhereweweresupposedto___22___timechattingorplayingsportsbutmy___23___wastoclimboverthefencesanddisappearintothelandscape.Often,muchtotheteachers’annoyance,nooneknewwhereto___24___me.Thatwasthepoint.Towalktoa(n)___25___placeand,foramoment,feeltheworldassomethingnewbroughtwithitafeelingIwoulddesire.Thehabit___26___withme.Bymymid-20s,Iwasa___27___walker.Walkingbecameawayoflifethat,___28___,gaveshapetoawanderingdecadeandIwouldeasemyselfintonew___29___theworldoverbysettingoutonfoottoget____30____andthenfindmyselfagaininthebackstreetsofAhmedabadorIsfhanan,RamallahorBari.NowIhaveestablishedmyhomeinthelandscapeofDevon.Here,walking____31____meandmydogDharmaasanessentialdailypractice.Theworldoutsideourfrontdoorisan____32____thetiring,routineaspectsofourlives.It’saplacewherewewatchtheseasonschangeand____33____themovementofthesunandthelightaroundthemoon.Wewalkthesame____34____,dayafterday,buteveryminuteofeveryhourcanfeellike____35____.21.A.rescuers B.parents C.teachers D.artists22.A.record B.waste C.save D.pass23.A.job B.habit C.ambition D.response24.A.find B.catch C.meet D.put25.A.bare B.solid C.illegal D.unfamiliar26.A.conflicted B.changed C.stuck D.started27A.tired B.gifted C.committed D.complicated28.A.inturn B.infact C.inparticular D.inaddition29.A.apartments B.locations C.opportunities D.challenges30.A.involved B.engaged C.paid D.lost31.A.accepts B.serves C.treats D.strikes32.A.influenceon B.escapefrom C.interestin D.entryto33.A.block B.control C.adjust D.sense34.A.direction B.speed C.path D.campus35.A.new B.free C.real D.complete【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.D26.C27.C28.A29.B30.D31.B32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候就喜歡獨(dú)自離開學(xué)校，去探索不熟悉的地方，到了二十多歲的時(shí)候，他成了堅(jiān)定的徒步旅行者，徒步成為他的一種生活方式，后來作者有了自己的家，他會(huì)每日帶著自己的狗狗出去散步，在門外的世界感知自然，在同樣的路上體會(huì)新鮮的感覺?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：周日下午，老師們會(huì)讓我們在操場的邊緣閑逛，我們本來應(yīng)該在那里聊天或做運(yùn)動(dòng)消磨時(shí)間，但我的習(xí)慣是爬過圍欄，消失在風(fēng)景中。A.rescuers救援人員；B.parents父母；C.teachers老師；D.artists藝術(shù)家。根據(jù)上文“IattendedalittleboardingschoolontheDerbyshire-Staffordshireborder”可知，作者在小型寄宿學(xué)校上學(xué)，因此是受到老師們的管理。故選C。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：周日下午，老師們會(huì)讓我們在操場的邊緣閑逛，我們本來應(yīng)該在那里聊天或做運(yùn)動(dòng)消磨時(shí)間，但我的習(xí)慣是爬過圍欄，消失在風(fēng)景中。A.record記錄；B.waste浪費(fèi)；C.save保存；D.pass消磨。根據(jù)下文“timechattingorplayingsports”可推知，作者這樣的學(xué)生本應(yīng)該是在操場的邊緣聊天或做運(yùn)動(dòng)，以此消磨周日下午的時(shí)間。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：周日下午，老師們會(huì)讓我們在操場的邊緣閑逛，我們本來應(yīng)該在那里聊天或做運(yùn)動(dòng)消磨時(shí)間，但我的習(xí)慣是爬過圍欄，消失在風(fēng)景中。A.job工作；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.ambition抱負(fù)；D.response回應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“toclimboverthefencesanddisappearintothelandscape”可推知，爬過圍欄，消失在風(fēng)景中是作者那時(shí)常做的事情，是他的習(xí)慣，habit在下文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通常讓老師們很惱火的是，沒有人知道在哪里可以找到我。A.find找到；B.catch抓??；C.meet遇見；D.put放置。根據(jù)上文“toclimboverthefencesanddisappearintothelandscape”可知，作者會(huì)爬過學(xué)校的圍欄，消失在風(fēng)景中，因此沒有人知道在哪里可以找到他。故選A。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：走到一個(gè)不熟悉的地方，有那么一刻，感覺這個(gè)世界是全新的，帶來一種我渴望的感覺。A.bare光禿的；B.solid固體的；C.illegal非法的；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。根據(jù)下文“feeltheworldassomethingnew”可知，作者感覺這個(gè)世界是全新的，因此是走到不熟悉的地方。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)習(xí)慣一直伴隨著我。A.conflicted沖突；B.changed改變；C.stuck卡?。籇.started開始。根據(jù)下文“Walkingbecameawayoflife”可知，徒步成為了作者的一種生活方式，因此這個(gè)習(xí)慣一直伴隨著他，固定短語stickwith表示“緊跟，跟……在一起”。故選C。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我25歲左右的時(shí)候，我是一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的徒步旅行者。A.tired疲倦的；B.gifted有天賦的；C.committed堅(jiān)定的；D.complicated復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)下文“Walkingbecameawayoflife”可知，徒步成為了作者的一種生活方式，即常常去徒步，因此他是堅(jiān)定的徒步旅行者。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：徒步成為了一種生活方式，而這種生活方式反過來又塑造了我四處漂泊的十年，我徒步出發(fā)，繼而迷路，在世界各地的新地方放松自己，然后在艾哈邁達(dá)巴德、伊斯法哈南、拉馬拉或巴里的后街找到自己。A.inturn反過來；B.infact實(shí)際上；C.inparticular特別是；D.inaddition此外。根據(jù)上文“Walkingbecameawayoflife”可知，徒步成為了作者的一種生活方式，再結(jié)合下文“gaveshapetoawanderingdecade”可推知，這種生活方式反過來塑造了他四處漂泊的十年，兩者是因果關(guān)系。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：徒步成為了一種生活方式，而這種生活方式反過來又塑造了我四處漂泊的十年，我徒步出發(fā)，繼而迷路，在世界各地的新地方放松自己，然后在艾哈邁達(dá)巴德、伊斯法哈南、拉馬拉或巴里的后街找到自己。A.apartments公寓；B.locations地點(diǎn)；C.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)上文“awanderingdecade”可知，作者有十年的時(shí)間是四處漂泊的，再結(jié)合下文“theworldover”可推知，他是在世界各地的新地方放松自己。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：徒步成為了一種生活方式，而這種生活方式反過來又塑造了我四處漂泊的十年，我徒步出發(fā)，繼而迷路，在世界各地的新地方放松自己，然后在艾哈邁達(dá)巴德、伊斯法哈南、拉馬拉或巴里的后街找到自己。A.involved使參與；B.engaged忙于；C.paid付費(fèi)；D.lost迷路。根據(jù)下文“andthenfindmyselfagain”可知，作者又找到自己，因此先是迷路（getlost）。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這里，散步是我和我的狗狗必不可少的日常慣例。A.accepts接受；B.serves作……用；C.treats對待；D.strikes打擊。根據(jù)下文“Theworldoutsideourfrontdoorisan___12___thetiring,routineaspectsofourlives.It’saplacewherewewatchtheseasonschangeand___13___themovementofthesunandthelightaroundthemoon.”可知，作者通過散步去紓解日常生活的疲憊，觀察自然，因此散步是起到了有益的作用，作為日常慣例幫助了作者和他的狗狗。故選B。【32題詳解】考查名詞短語辨析。句意：我們前門外的世界是我們對生活中累人的例行公事的逃離。A.influenceon對……的影響；B.escapefrom逃離；C.interestin對……的興趣；D.entryto進(jìn)入。根據(jù)下文“thetiring,routineaspectsofourlives”可推知，去外面散步讓作者得以逃離生活中累人的例行公事。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在這里，我們可以看到季節(jié)的變化，感知太陽的運(yùn)動(dòng)和月亮周圍的光線。A.block阻塞；B.control控制；C.adjust調(diào)整；D.sense感知。根據(jù)上文“watchtheseasonschange”可知，作者可以看到季節(jié)的變化，再結(jié)合下文“themovementofthesunandthelightaroundthemoon”可推知，他也可以感知太陽的運(yùn)動(dòng)和月亮周圍的光線。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?nèi)諒?fù)一日地走著同樣的路，但每一小時(shí)的每一分鐘都感覺是新的。A.direction方向；B.speed速度；C.path路徑；D.campus校園。根據(jù)上文“walkthesame”可推知，作者和他的狗狗散步時(shí)走同樣的路徑。故選C。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?nèi)諒?fù)一日地走著同樣的路，但每一小時(shí)的每一分鐘都感覺是新鮮的。A.new新鮮的；B.free自由的；C.real真實(shí)的；D.complete完整的。根據(jù)上文“Wewalkthesame___14___,dayafterday”和表示轉(zhuǎn)折的“but”可推知，雖然作者每天重復(fù)同樣的事情，但是會(huì)有新鮮的感覺，new在上文有同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheDragonBoatFestival,alsoknownastheDuanwuFestival,isatraditionalChineseholidaycelebratednationwide___36___(remember)QuYuan,oneofthegreatestpoetsofancientChinaandthe___37___(early)knownbyname.WhenQuYuanjumpedintoariveroutofloveforhiscountryin278BC,people___38___(desperate)rowedoutinboatstosearchforhim.ThisinspiredtheDragonBoatFestival,whichtakesplaceeachyearonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthoftheChinesecalendar,___39___daywhenQuYuandied.FestivitiesvaryindifferentpartsofChina,___40___theyshareseveraltraditions,dragonboatracingincluded.Rowerssitinlargedragon-shapedboatsandrowthem___41___thebeatofadrum(鼓),whichisusuallyplayedbysomeone___42___(seat)atthefrontoftheboat.Anotherfeatureofthecelebrationsisapopulars