初升高銜接英語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)講義

初升高銜接—動詞的時態(tài)及被動語態(tài)一動詞時態(tài)英語中有16種時態(tài)，其中中考?？嫉臅r態(tài)有：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時。語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動一般現(xiàn)在時dodoesam

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done一般過去時didwas

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done現(xiàn)在進行時am

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doingam

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done過去進行時was

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doingwas

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done二時態(tài)及語態(tài)詳解（一）一般現(xiàn)在時1．表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。Theoldmangoestoparkeverymorning.這位老人每天早上都去公園。2.表示現(xiàn)在的能力、愛好、習慣等。Helikeslisteningtopopmusic.他愛聽流行樂。3．表示永恒的真理以及客觀事實。Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉。4．表示按規(guī)定或計劃要發(fā)生的動作。Thetrainstartsatseveninthemorning.火車早上七點出發(fā)。5．在時間和條件狀語從句中代替一般將來時。I’llgowithyou,ifyouarefreetomorrow.如果你明天有空，我就會和你一起去。一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：主語+am/is/are(not)+doneFootballisplayedwidelyallovertheworld.全世界都廣泛地踢足球。（二）一般過去時1．一般過去時表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。Imethimyesterday.昨天我遇見了他。2．一般過去時多和表示過去了的時間狀語連用。但是有時候句子并沒有過去的時間狀語，這時就要通過語境、說話人的口氣來判斷。Hewroteanovel.他寫了一部小說。Ididn’texpectyouwerewaitingforus.我沒預料到你正在等我們。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：主語+was/were+doneThebankwasrobbedyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。（三）一般將來時1.表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Ishallbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.明年我就十八歲了。Hewillnotgototheairporttomeetherthisafternoon.今天下午他不去機場接她。一般將來時的其它表示形式（1）一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①按照計劃或時刻表要發(fā)生的事情。Theplanetakesoffat3:00P.m.飛機于下午三點起飛。②在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Ifyouleavetomorrow,I’llseeyouattheairport.如果你明天走，我到機場送你。（2）現(xiàn)在進行時表將來現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來，往往是指計劃好或準備要做的事。一些表示動作轉換的終止性動詞，如go,e,leave,start,begin，stay，takeoff，arrive等，或者也稱為位移性動詞，其進行時表示馬上要做某事。Heisleavingschoolinoneyear’stime.他一年后就要畢業(yè)了。（3）beabouttodo.結構表示“剛要做某事，馬上要做某事，正要做某事”，強調動作即將發(fā)生（不跟表將來的時間狀語連用）。Theywereabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.他們正要離開時響了。（4）begoingto常用于口語中，表示“計劃，打算做某事”，此外，begoingto可表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)在的跡象對未來進行判斷。Lookatthoseclouds.It’sgoingtorain.看那些烏云，要下雨了。一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：主語+willbedoneThemeetingwillbeheldinL.A.會議將在洛杉磯舉行。（四）現(xiàn)在完成時1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.我剛剛完成我的家庭作業(yè)。表示從過去某時刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，并且有可能會繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，此時經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動詞。時間狀語常用since加一個過去的時間點，或for加一段時間，或加一個現(xiàn)在時間。Ihaveknownhimforthreeyears.我認識他三年了。Hehaslivedheresince1995.他自1995年以來就住在這兒?！咀⒁狻浚?）一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別：過去完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響；一般過去時常與具體的表過去的時間狀語連用。Isawthisfilmyesterday.我昨天看了這部電影。（強調看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.我看過這部電影。（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經(jīng)知道了）（2）在This/That/Itisthefirst/second/third/..timethat..句型里，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisisthesecondtimethattheproductsofourpanyhavebeenshownintheInternationalExhibition.這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國際展覽會。（3）句型Itis/hasbeen...since..所使用的兩種時態(tài)都正確。Itis/hasbeen10yearssinceIlastsawhim.從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)有10年了?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：主語+have

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doneTheplasticlunchboxeshavebeenusedsincethen.塑料飯盒從那時起就一直被使用。（五）現(xiàn)在進行時1.現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。Listen,someoneiscrying.聽，有人在哭。有時，現(xiàn)在進行時也與always等副詞連用，表示反復出現(xiàn)的習慣性動作，用以表達說話人贊揚、討厭等情緒。Heisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.他總是問同一個問題。（厭煩）動詞go,e,leave,arrive,start,begin,end等詞可用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來。TheyareleavingforShanghai.他們將動身去上海。表示狀態(tài)的動詞be,have等；表示認識，知覺和情感的動詞know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等一般不用于進行時。Doyouknowwhereheis?你知道他在哪兒嗎？現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)主語+am

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doneHundredsofinvitationsarebeingsentoutthisweek.本周數(shù)百張的請?zhí)诎l(fā)出。（六）過去進行時1.表示在過去某一時刻或過去一段時間內正在發(fā)生的動作。Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。如果when,while這樣的時間狀語引導詞所引導的主從句之一是一般過去時，則另一個句子常用過去進行時。Iwaswashingmyhairwhenyouknockedatthedoor.你敲門的時候我正在洗頭發(fā)。過去進行時的被動語態(tài)主語+was

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doneWewereassuredthateverythingpossiblewasbeingdone.我們確信是在盡一切努力。（七）常見的時態(tài)狀語標志詞時態(tài)常見時間狀語一般式一般現(xiàn)在時always;sometimes;often;usually;seldom...一般過去時yesterday;ago;justnow;lastweek；atthattime;in+年份…一般將來時tomorrow;nextweek;soon;later;thedayaftertomorrow;fromnowon...進行式現(xiàn)在進行時look,listen等放句首;now;atthemoment...過去進行時atthattime;atthatmoment;attenyesterday...完成式現(xiàn)在完成時since;sofar;ever;never;just;yet;already;recently;lately;untilnow;uptonow;overthepastfewyears;inthelastfewdays...練習題一單句語法填空Heoften_________(read)thewordsinthemorning.Thepicture______(look)nice.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifit_______(not,rain)tomorrow.Tea_____(be)populararoundtheworld.Ifit_______(be)finetomorrow,we’llvisittheGreatWall.IfI________________(give)anotherchance,I'lldoitmuchbetter.Itwillbetwodaysbeforethedecision______________(make).We_________(stay)athomeplayingcardsthedaybeforeyesterday.He________(win)theNobelPeacePrizein1993.I_________(think)hewasanhonestmantwoyearsago.Afire___________(break)outduringthenightyesterday.She________(write)manyplayswhenshewasatcollege.Tom________(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.Ilistenedbut________(hear)nothingyesterday.I_________(eat)abigpizzayesterday.He__________(choose)toworkforthevillagelastyear.Alotoftrees___________(plant)onthehillyesterday.Thebook_____________(write)byhimin1998.Alecture______________(hold)inourschoollastweek.Anewschool_____________(build)inourhometownlastyear.Apoliceman____________(see)toentertheclassroomjustnow.Whatareyou(go)todonextweek?Thenewfilm(show)nextThursday.Ifheacceptsthejob,he(get)moremoneysoon.Ifyouspeakinclass,you(punish).She(give)agoldmedalsoon.Inafewyears’time,thosemountains(cover)withtrees.Whatareyou_________(do)now?I___________(eat)bread.__________he__________(clean)theclassroom?No,heisn’t.He____________(play).They____________(wait)forataxioutsidetheschoolgate.Nobodyisintheclassroombecausethestudents_______________(interview)ontheplaygroundabouttheschoollife.Anewlibrary________(build)inourschoolnowandwillopennextyear.Abirthdaycard________(write)byTomatpresent.Thelittlebabies________(take)careofbythisnurserightnow.I___________(wash)myclothesatthistimeyesterday.We_________(talk)aboutthenewsthewholemorning.Jackfellfromthebikewhenhe_____________(ride).Nowwecancrossthebridgewhich_______(build)thistimelastmonth.Myclock_______________(repair)bymewhensheknockedatthedoor.Greatchanges__________(take)placeovertheyears.SofarI_____________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.

I_____________already______________(see)thefilm.I______________(see)itlastweek.

They____________(wait)formorethantwohours.Myhometown_____________(bee)moreandmorebeautifulinthepast5years.Sofar,manysportsmeeting___________(hold)byourschool.Manyforeignfilms_____________(show)onTVsincelastmonth.Alargeamountofwater_____________(save)bythissystemsofar.Manyhouses______________(build)inthisareainthepast10years.IborrowedthebooklastSundayandI_____________(keep)itforaweek.Mybrother____________(teach)puterscienceinauniversityinCanadainthelast20years.二單句改錯Myfamilyalwaysfullofhappiness.Hedoesn’tlikeseatingvegetablesandfruits.Heoftenstudyhardandhelpsmewithmystudy.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocryjustnow.IfeelsohappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.Wesitaroundthecakeyesterday.Heteachesinthisschoolin1958.Theputerswasnotboughtlastweek.Shebuysmanybooksyesterday.Ithoughtyouwasill.HewillisatschoolnextMonday.Heisgoingtodoeshishomeworkafterschool.Theseanimalsarebeinghuntingatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearsoon.Treesarebeingplantedbythematthattimeyesterday.SheplaysthepianowhileIwasreadingthenewspaper.Someboysareplaybasketballoverthere.Let’sgoandjointhem.Ihavetogoworkbytaxibecausemycarisbeingrepairatthegarage.答案一語填reads2.looks3.doesn’train4.is5.is6.amgiven7.ismade8.stayed9.won10.thought11.broke12.wrote13.began14.heard15.ate16.wasc