閱讀理解 （說明文） -2023年新高考八省名校聯(lián)考高一英語期末試題匯編 （解析版）

專題02閱讀理解（說明文）

-2023年新高考八省名校聯(lián)考高一英語期末試題匯編

（解析版）

1.【重慶市西南大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中試題】

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelyleadingtofewer

injuries.Ildoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditioned（有.身體條件的）athletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummer

Olympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport'srules

requirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswing（擺動）andonefootremainincontact

withthegroundatalltimes.Ifsthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,says

JaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostdata,racewalkersmovingat

apaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisabouttwiceasmanyasthey

wouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesper

hour.

However,racewalkingdoesnothitthebodyashardasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoher

research,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodo

notleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesconnectedwithrunning,suchasrunner'sknee,areuncommon

amongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplacemuchstressontheankles（腳踝）andhips（臀部）,so

peoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecarefulinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotry

racewalkingshouldprobablyfirstcommunicatewithacoachorexperiencedracertolearnproperskills,shesays.

Ittakessomepractice.

8.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theydowellinthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

9.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

10.WhatisDr.Norberg'ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts?opinions.

B.Havingamedicalexamination.

C.Employinganexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

11.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Puzzled.B.Careful.C.Supportive.D.Worried.

【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了競走在比賽中的規(guī)則以及與走路和跑步相比時，它的優(yōu)勢和弊端。

不是所有人都適合競走。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句"Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker'skneesstaystraightthrough

mostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.（但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的規(guī)則要求競走運(yùn)

動員在腿的大部分?jǐn)[動過程中膝蓋保持伸直，一只腳始終保持與地面接觸。）“可知，競走運(yùn)動員是訓(xùn)練有素

的，因?yàn)樗麄円裱貏e的競走比賽的規(guī)定。故選C項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesconnectedwithrunning,suchas

runner'sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.（因此，她說，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步膝蓋，在競

走者中并不常見。）”可知，與跑步相比，競走運(yùn)動員更不太容易傷到膝蓋。故選D項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句"Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirst

communicatewithacoachorexperiencedracertolearnproperskills,shesays.（她說，事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競走

的人都應(yīng)該首先與教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的選手溝通，學(xué)習(xí)正確的技能）”可知，想嘗試競走的人應(yīng)該咨詢一名教練或

者由經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競走者，即咨詢專業(yè)人士。故選A項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,research

shows,whilemostlikelyleadingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.。講究表明，競走與跑步

在健身方面有許多共同的好處，而且很可能導(dǎo)致更少的受傷。然而，它也有自己的問題。廣后文客觀陳述競

走的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并建議在學(xué)習(xí)競走時咨詢專業(yè)人士，可知作者的態(tài)度理性謹(jǐn)慎。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.1重慶市南開中學(xué)2022?2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中試題】

Passage1

AJapanesecompanyrecentlyreleasedawhitecrust（H：司皮）milkbreadthatithopeswillstopthehabitof

removingthecrustwhenmakingsandwiches.

DidyouknowthatthevastmajorityofmilkbreadsandwichesmadedailyinJapanhavetheircrustsremoved?

Althoughcrustedsandwichloversdoexist,thegeneralideaisthatthefluffy（蓬松的）,whitepartofJapanesebread

istastierthanthebrowncrust.Thisconceptdatesbacktoatimelongagowhenthecrustwashardertochew（咀嚼）

through,butthingsaredefinitelyalotdifferenttoday.Thecrustisniceandsoft,butpeoplestillseemtoprefer

crustlesssandwiches.Thatresultsinalotoffoodwaste,butonecompanyhopestochangethatwithanewwhite

crustbread.

TokyoChefSugimotoandhisteamattheImperialHotelCo.,Ltd.spentsixmonthsdevelopinganewtypeof

breadthateliminatestheneedtogetridofthecrust.Peoplehavebeencomingupwithallsortsofwaystorecycle

breadcrustsinordertocontrolfoodwaste,butSugimoto'sideawastocreateacrustthatdidn'thavetobethrown

awayinthefirstplace.

AlthoughImperialHoteldidnotfullyrevealthesecretbehinditsnewwhitecrustbread,itdidmentionthatit

isbakedslowlyatalowertemperaturethanregularbread,whichresultsinawhitecolorallthroughthebreadanda

moremoisttexture（材質(zhì)）.

ImperialHotelusedtoservecrustlessmilkbreadsandwichestoitscustomers,butstartingonOctober1stof

thisyear,theywillswitchtothisnewwhitecrustbread,thusdecreasingitsfoodwasteconsiderably.

ThewhitecrustbreadwillbeservedintheImperialHotePsrestaurantsandatbanquets,butpeoplewillalsobe

abletopurchaseitfromaluxurybakerythathasbeenoperatingsince1971.

28.Whatmakespeoplealwaysprefercrustlesssandwiches?

A.Changedtaste.B.Nicecolors.C.Softtexture.D.Fixedhabits.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminale"inParagraph3mean?

A.Enlarge.B.Satisfy.C.Erase.D.Ignore.

30.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thewhitepartistastierbuthardertochew.B.ChefSugimotoisthefirstonetorecyclecrusts.

C.Theregularbreadasksforahighertemperature.D.TheHotelwillservecrustlesssandwichesafterOctober.

31.WhydidtheImperialHotelpromotethewhitecrustbread?

A.Tosatisfycustomers?needs.B.Todealwiththebreadwaste.

C.Todevelopanewtypeofbread.D.Toprovideanewoptionforluxurybakeries.

【答案】28.D29.C30.C31.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文，主要講述了帝國酒店將要采用白面包皮的原因。

28.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisconceptdatesbacktoatimelongagowhenthecrustwashardertochew（咀

口爵）through,butthingsaredefinitelyalotdifferenttoday.Thecrustisniceandsoft,butpeoplestillseemtoprefer

crustlesssandwiches（這個概念可以追溯到很久以前，當(dāng)時吐司皮很難咀嚼，但今天的情況肯定大不相同。吐

司皮很好很軟，但人們似乎還是喜歡無殼三明治）“可知，雖然吐司皮比以前更軟，但人們還堅(jiān)持以前的想法，

更傾向于無殼三明治。由此推知，人們更喜歡無殼三明治是因?yàn)楣潭ǖ牧?xí)慣。故選D項(xiàng)。

29.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Peoplehavebeencomingupwithallsortsofwaystorecyclebreadcrustsinorder

tocontrolfoodwaste,butSugimoto'sideawastocreateacrustthatdidn'thavetobethrownawayinthefirst

place（人們已經(jīng)想出了各種各樣的方法來回收面包皮，以控制食物浪費(fèi)，但Sugimoto的想法是創(chuàng)造一種從一

開始就不必扔掉的面包皮片可知，Sugimoto的想法是創(chuàng)造一種不需要去掉面包皮的新型面包。由此可知，劃

線詞坐在句子意為“東京帝國酒店的主廚Sugimoto和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)花了六個月的時間開發(fā)了一種無需去皮的新

型面包”,即eliminates意為"去除”，故選C項(xiàng)。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AlthoughImperialHoteldidnotfullyrevealthesecretbehinditsnewwhitecrust

bread,itdidmentionthatitisbakedslowlyatalowertemperaturethanregularbread,whichresultsinawhitecolor

allthroughthebreadandamoremoisttexture（雖然帝國酒店沒有完全揭示其新的白面包皮背后的秘密，但它確

實(shí)提到了它在比普通面包低的溫度下緩慢烘焙，這導(dǎo)致整個面包呈白色，質(zhì)地更加濕潤）”可知，普通面包需

要的溫度高，故選C項(xiàng)。

31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“startingonOctober1stofthisyear,theywillswitchtothisnewwhitecrustbread,

thusdecreasingitsfoodwasteconsiderably（從今年10月1日開始，他們將改用這種新的白面包，從而大大減

少食物浪費(fèi)）”可知，改用白面包皮的H的是要減少食物浪費(fèi)，故選B項(xiàng)。

Passage2

Nowresearchershavefoundthathumansproduceadifferentodor（氣味）whenunderpressure—anddogs

cansniffitout.Whilepreviousstudieshavesuggesteddogsmightnoticehumanemotions,possiblythroughsmell,

questionsremainedoverwhethertheycoulddetectstressandifthiscouldbedonethroughsmell.

Wilson,headofoneresearchteam,pointedthefindingscouldproveusefulwhentrainingservicedogs,suchas

thosethatsupportpeoplewithPTSD（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）."They'reoftentrainedtolookatsomeoneeither

crouchingdownonthefloor,cryingoutinfear,orstartingtodoself-injuriousbehaviors,saidWilson.Thelatest

study,shesaid,offersanotherpotentialclue.

Wilsonandcolleaguestrainedfourdogstoidentifythecontainerholdingaparticularbreathandsweatsample,

evenwhenthecontainersincludedunusedgauze（紗布），samplesfromanotherperson,orsamplesfromthesame

persontakenatadifferenttimeofday.Aftertheteamisconfidentthatthedogsunderstoodtheapproach,they

turnedtocollectbreathandsweatsamplescollectedfrom36peopleaskedtocountbackwardsfrom9,000inunits

of17,andtheparticipantsreportedfeelingstressed.

Later,thedogsweretaughttopickoutsamplestakenjustafterthetask.Theresearchersthentestedwhether

thedogscoulddothesamewithsamplestakenfromthesameparticipantjustbeforethetask,whentheyweremore

relaxed.Eachsetofsampleswasshowntoasingledogin20trials.

Theresultsrevealthatthedogschosethe"stressed"samplein675outofthe720trials.Itwasprettyamazing

toseehowsmoothlythedogsactintellingpeoplethesetwosamplesdefinitelydifferent.

32.WhydidWilsonandcolleaguesdosuchanexperiment?

A.TotrainservicedogsforpeoplewithPTSD.B.Toconfirmdogscansmelloutstressedpeople.

C.Toprovedogscouldrecognizehumanemotions.D.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowstressedtheyare.

33.Theservicedogswillusuallyprovidehelpwhensomeone.

A.hurtshimselfB.liesonthebedC.producesanodorD.screamsinexcitement

34.Whichorderdoestheexperimentfollow?

a.Totraindogstopickouttheparticularcontainer.

b.TDshoweachsetofsamplestoasingledogin20trials.

c.Tocollectsamplesfromparticipantswhentheyarestressedout.

d.Toaskparticipantstocountbackwardsfrom9,000inunitsof17.

A.a-d-c-bB.a-c-d-bC.c-a-d-bD.c-a-b-d

35.Whafstheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefinding?

A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Uncertain.D.Neutral.

【答案】32.B33.A34.A35.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。研究者們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)人類在壓力下會一種不同的氣味，而狗可以嗅出這種氣味。

為此，Wilson和他的同事們一起進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，并最終證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilepreviousstudieshavesuggesteddogsmightnoticehumanemotions,possibly

throughsmell,questionsremainedoverwhethertheycoulddetectstressandifthiscouldbedonethroughsmell.”

（雖然之前的研究表明，狗可能通過嗅覺察覺到人類的情緒，但它們是否能察覺到壓力，以及是否能通過

嗅覺察覺到壓力，仍存在疑問。）及后面開始的實(shí)驗(yàn)可以推斷，Wilson和同事們做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了證明狗能夠嗅

出有壓力的人。故選B。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Wilson,headofoneresearchteam,pointedthefindingscouldproveusefulwhen

trainingservicedogs,suchasthosethatsupportpeoplewithPTSD（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）（Wilson是一個研究小組

的負(fù)責(zé)人，他指出，這?發(fā)現(xiàn)在訓(xùn)練服務(wù)犬時很有用，比如那些支持PTSD患者的服務(wù)犬。）和“Theyaoften

trainedtolookatsomeoneeithercrouchingdownonthefloor,cryingoutinfear,orstartingtodoself-injurious

behaviors"（它們通常被訓(xùn)練成看著那些蹲在地板上、害怕地大喊大叫或開始做自殘行為的人）可知，服務(wù)

犬通常會在人們有傷害自己或是自殘行為時提供幫助。故選Ao

34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Wilsonandcolleaguestrainedfourdogstoidentifythecontainerholdinga

particularbreathandsweatsample,（Wilson和他的同事們訓(xùn)練了四只狗來識別裝著特定呼吸和汗水樣本的容

器）可知，這是實(shí)驗(yàn)的第一步a；根據(jù)第三段“theyturnedtocollectbreathandsweatsamplescollectedfrom36

peopleaskedtocountbackwardsfrom9,000inunitsof17,andtheparticipantsreportedfeelingstressed.”（他們收

集了36人的呼吸和汗水樣本，這些樣本被要求以17為單位從900（）開始倒數(shù)，參與者表示感到有壓力。）

可知，先是要求參與者以17為單位從9000開始倒數(shù)，即第二步d,再當(dāng)他們感到有了壓力時收集他們的呼

吸和汗水樣本，即第三步c；最后根據(jù)第四段“Eachsetofsampleswasshowntoasingledogin20trials.^^（每

組樣本在20次試驗(yàn)中向一只狗展示。）可知，最后一步是在20次實(shí)驗(yàn)中向一只狗展示每組樣本，即第四步

bo所以實(shí)驗(yàn)順序是a?d?c?b。故選A。

35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Itwasprettyamazingtoseehowsmoothlythedogsactintellingpeoplethesetwo

samplesdefinitelydifferent.”（看到狗狗們?nèi)绱肆鲿车馗嬖V人們這兩個樣本絕對不同是非常令人驚嘆的。）及

其中的“amazing”可知，作者認(rèn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果是肯定的、令人驚嘆的。故選B。

3.【遼寧省中學(xué)20222023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中試卷】

ThepipingploverisalreadyoneofthemostendangeredbirdsintheGreatLakesareaofthenorthernUnited

States.Now,therisingwaterlevelsofLakeMichiganfurtherthreatenthebirdsandtheareaswheretheylive.

PoolsofwaterareformingbehindseveralplovernestsalongSleepingBearDunesNationalLakeshoreinthe

stateofMichigan.ThewatersofLakeMichiganarenowonlyafewmetersfromtheplovers5nestingarea.Their

homecouldbeonestormawayfromdestruction.

VinceCavalieriworkswiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.HetoldtheAPthatthehighwaterlevelsput

ploversinmoredangerthanmostotherbirdgroups.Thatisbecausetheareaswheretheylivehavebeen

disappearing.HeaddedthatsomenestsontheCanadiansideoftheGreatLakesalsohavebeensweptaway.

TheGreatLakesgenerallyrisewiththemeltingsnowandrainstormsofspring,andfallduringthedrier

Summermonths.However,somescientistsbelieveclimatechangeiscausingmorechangesinwaterlevels.Ina

recentreport,researchersDrewGronewoldandRichardRoodsaid,"Quickchangesbetweenextremehighandlow

waterlevelsintheGreatLakesrepresentthe4newnormal.'"

Ifthatistrue,thepipingploverscouldbeatgreaterrisk.Theirnumbersalreadyhavedroppedbecauseof

shorelinedevelopment.ThefederalgovernmentliststhebirdsasthreatenedinthenorthernGreatPlainsandalong

theAtlanticcoast.

Recoveryprojectsarehelping,however.In2017,officialscounted76breedingpairsofplovers.Lastyear,

theycounted67.Cavalieriofthefishandwildlifeserviceexpectstoseesimilarnumbersthisyear.Mostofthis

year'splovereggswillhatchbytheendofJune.

4.Howdoestheauthordemonstratetheseverityofthepipingplover'slivingconditions?

A.Bymakingcomparison.B.Bylistingdetailedevidence.

C.Bygivingexamples.D.Bymakingpredictions.

5.Whyareploversmoreendangeredthanmostotherbirds?

A.Theyaretoosensitivetoclimatechanges.

B.Theirnestsarenotstrongenoughtostandastorm.

C.Thefederalgovernmentthinkslittleofprotectingplovers.

D.Theirhabitatsaregreatlydestroyedduetotherisingwaterlevels.

6.Whatcouldputthepipingploverinagreaterdanger?

A.Theirhomesaredisappearingrapidly.

B.Theirnumbersaredecreasingdramatically.

C.Theshorelinedevelopmentisswiftandunavoidable.

D.Theextremechangesinwaterlevelswilloccurfrequently.

7.WhatisVinceCavalieri'sattitudetowardsthefutureofthepipingplover?

A.Suspicious.B.Concerned.

C.Optimistic.D.Objective.

【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了thepipingplover已經(jīng)是美國北部五大湖地區(qū)最瀕危的鳥類之一，

而密歇根湖水位的上升進(jìn)一步威脅到鳥類和它們生活的地區(qū)。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的第二段“PoolsofwaterareformingbehindseveralplovernestsalongSleepingBear

DunesNationalLakeshoreinthestateofMichigan.ThewatersofLakeMichiganarenowonlyafewmetersfrom

theplovers'nestingarea.Theirhomecouldbeonestormawayfromdestruction.（密歇根州睡熊沙丘國家湖岸邊

的幾只plover巢穴后面形成了水池。密歇根湖的水域現(xiàn)在離plover的巢穴只有幾米遠(yuǎn)。?場風(fēng)暴就能摧毀

他們的家園）”可知，作者通過列出詳細(xì)的證據(jù)來證明thepipingplover生活條件的嚴(yán)峻性。故選B項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“VinceCavalieriworkswiththeU.S.FishandWildlifeService.HetoldtheAPthat

thehighwaterlevelsputploversinmoredangerthanmostotherbirdgroups.Thatisbecausetheareaswherethey

livehavebeendisappearing.（VinceCavalieri就職于美國魚類和野生動物管理局。他告訴美聯(lián)社，高水位使壬行

類比大多數(shù)其他鳥類更危險。這是因?yàn)樗麄兙幼〉牡貐^(qū)正在消失戶可知，鶴鳥比其他鳥類更瀕臨滅絕的原因

是因?yàn)樗麄兙幼〉牡貐^(qū)正在消失。故選D項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Inarecentreport,researchersDrewGronewoldandRichardRoodsaid,“Quick

changesbetweenextremehighandlowwaterlevelsintheGreatLakesrepresentthe'newnormalJ”（在最近的一

份報告中，研究人員德魯?格羅沃爾德和理查德?魯?shù)抡f廣五大湖水位在極高和極低之間的快速變化代表著，新

常態(tài)以及第五段第一句中“Ifthatistrue,thepipingploverscouldbeatgreaterrisk.（如果這是真的，管狀布

可能面臨更大的風(fēng)險）“可知，水位的極端變化會頻繁發(fā)生使管狀布鳥處于更大的危險中。故選D項(xiàng)。

7.推理判讀題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Recoveryprojectsarehelping,however.In2017,officialscounted76

breedingpairsofplovers.Lastyear,theycounted67.Cavalieriofthefishandwildlifeserviceexpectstosee

similarnumbersthisyear.Mostofthisyear5splovereggswillhatchbytheendofJune.（然而，恢復(fù)項(xiàng)目正在發(fā)揮

作用。2017年，官方統(tǒng)計(jì)了76對繁殖的鶴。去年，這一數(shù)字為67。魚類和野生動物管理局的Cavalieri預(yù)

計(jì)今年會看到類似的數(shù)字。今年大部分的玲鳥蛋將在六月底孵化廠可知，Cavalieri認(rèn)為今年會有鶴繁殖，這

說明恢復(fù)項(xiàng)目正在發(fā)揮作用，由此可推知，Cavalieri對管狀圻科鳥的未來持樂觀態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。

4.【遼寧省大連市二十四中2022.2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中試題】

Passage1

Nowyoucanhavepolarbearsaspenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilize（麻醉）itandquickly

giveitthenecessarytoolsbeforeitwakesup.It'sanawkwardfirstencounter-howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknow

thatstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence、butsoonthey'llbesendingmessages

daily.

Everymorning,JonAars,aseniorresearcherattheNorwegianPolarInstitute,receivesabunchofemailsfrom

severalfemalepolarbears,lettinghimknowwheretheyare.Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesfitaround70polar

bearswithatrackingcollarwhichcontinuouslylogsmovement.Onceadaythecollarsendsthelast24hoursof

databacktotheInstitute.

“Dataaboutmovementhasbeenveryimportanttounderstandhowtheymightrespondtoclimatechange.^^

Aarsexplains.

Awarmingclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies-polarbears'main

food—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,sodopolarbears.Asaresult,polarbearswillspendmoretimeon

landandlookfbrdifferentoptions.Aarsexplains.uTheyhuntreindeerandtheywilltakemorebirdsandeggs.We

haveseenthatbearsareindifferentareasthantheyusedtobe-somuchfurthernorth.^^

Thecollarcanalsorecordbodytemperature,whichcantellscientistsifabearhasmovedinsideahabitat—an

indicationthattheanimalisgoingtogivebirth.Seaicelossisalsohavinganimpactonwherepolarbearsareborn,

'importantareasthattheyusedtogotogivebirthtocubs（幼獸）aremoreorlesslost,“saysAars."Bearsarenow

swimmingasfaras200kilometerstoreachanislandhabitat,“headds,''somethingtheydidnotneedtodo20years

ago.”

Aarshopeshisresearchcouldrevealhowtohelphispenfriendsholdoutalittlelonge匚”Changesareso

significantandsofast;wewillreachsomestageinthefuturewhereitwillgetmuchhardertobeapolarbearin

Svalbard?'

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"correspondence“inparagraph1possiblymean?

A.Communication.B.Agreement.C.Performance.D.Control.

9.Whatisthefunctionofthecollar?

A.Itpreventspolarbearsfrombeingattacked.

B.Itallowsresearcherstodetectthemeltingseaice.

C.Itmakesiteasierforpolarbearstosearchforfood.

D.Ithelpsresearcherstomonitorpolarbears?activities.

10.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Polarbearscaneasilyadapttoclimatechange.

B.Polarbearsarelivingintoughconditions.

C.Thecollarhelpspolarbearsgivebirthtocurbs.

D.Polarbearsswimhardtofindtheiroldhabitats.

11.WhatisAars'attitudetowardsthefiitureofpolarbearsinSvalbard?

A.Optimistic.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Concerned.

【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家在北極熊身上安裝跟蹤項(xiàng)圈來收集數(shù)據(jù)，以了解氣候變

化對它們的影響。

8.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段所猜詞后一句"butsoonthey511besendingmessagesdaily（但很快它們將每天發(fā)送

信息戶可知，目前是單方面通信，但不久之后就會每天發(fā)送消息。由此推知，所猜詞的意思為“交流”。故選

Ao

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二三段“Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesfitaround70polarbearswithatrackingcollar

whichcontinuouslylogsmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdata

backtotheInstitute.4kDataaboutmovementhasbeenveryimportanttounderstandhowtheymightrespondto

climatechange,“Aarsexplains.（每年，Aars和他的同事們在大約70只北極熊身上安裝了一個追蹤項(xiàng)圈，可以

連續(xù)記錄它們的運(yùn)動。項(xiàng)圈每天會打一次衛(wèi)星電話，把過去24小時的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)回研究所?！瓣P(guān)于遷徙的數(shù)據(jù)

對于了解它們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對氣候變化非常重要，"Aars解釋道）”可知，這個項(xiàng)圈主要用來收集北極熊的運(yùn)動數(shù)據(jù)。

故選Do

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Awarmingclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalseal

species-polarbears5mainfood-relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,sodopolarbears.Asaresult,polar

bearswillspendmoretimeonlandandlookfordifferentoptions.Aarsexplains.ifcTheyhuntreindeerandtheywill

takemorebirdsandeggs.Wehaveseenthatbearsareindifferentareasthantheyusedtobe—somuchfurther

northJ（氣候變暖意味著大量海冰正在融化。幾種海豹物種——北極熊的主要食物依賴海冰，北極熊也

經(jīng)常如此。因此，北極熊將在陸地上花費(fèi)更多的時間，并尋找不同的選擇。Aars解釋道?！八鼈儷C殺馴鹿，

會帶走更多的鳥和蛋。我們已經(jīng)看到，北極熊在不同的地區(qū)，比以前在更遠(yuǎn)的北方?！睉艨芍?，氣候變化讓

北極熊花更多的時間在陸地上去尋找食物。由此推知，北極熊生活在艱苦的環(huán)境中。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Changesaresosignificantandsofast;wewillreachsomestageinthefuture

whereitwillgetmuchhardertobeapolarbearinSvalbard.（變化是如此顯著和迅速；在未來的某個階段，在斯

瓦爾巴特群島做一只北極熊會變得更加困難）”可知,Aars認(rèn)為北極熊以后的處境會更加艱難，即非常的擔(dān)憂。

故選D。

Passage2

Palacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasyto

defendafortress（要塞），butusuallyfortressesarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakinginmind.Whenitcomes

tostructuresthatarebothbeautifulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.

CastleswereoriginallybuiltinEnglandbytheNormansin1066.Theybuilttowersandwallstosecurethe

landtheyhadtaken.ThesecastlesprovidedtheNormanswithaquietandsafeplace.Theyalsoservedasbasesof

operationforattacks.Inthiswaycastlesservedbothdefensiveandoffensiveroles.Besides,castlesservedas

officesforgovernors.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththegovernorwouldcometoreportaffairsandexpresstheir

respect.Theywouldaddressproblems,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivitiesincastles.Socastlesservedas

socialcentersaswell.

Thefirstcastlesweremadefromearthandwood,andtheywerelikelytosufferfromattacksbyfire.Then

woodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.

However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowsorburnthewoodendoors.This

ledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesoffthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficult

toaccess.

DuringtheMiddleAges,attacksincreasedinregularity,socastledefenseswereupdated.Arrow-slitswere

added.Theyweresmallholesinthecastle,whichalloweddefenderstofirewithoutbeinghurt.Towerswerebuilt

fromwhichdefenderscouldprovidefireonbothsides.Thetowerswereconnectedtothecastlebywoodenbridges,

sothatifonetowerfell,therestofthecastlewasstilleasytodefend.Alotofringsofcastlewallswereconstructed,

sothatevenifattackerswentpastonewall,theywouldbecaughtonakillinggroundbetweeninnerandouterwalls.

Alloftheseincreasedthedefenseofcastles.

Theendofcastlescanbeattributed（歸因于）togunpowder.Duringthe15thcentury,artillery（炮）,akindof

largeguns,becamepowerfulenoughtobreakthroughstonewalls.Thisgreatlymadetheroleofcastlesless

effective.Thoughcastlesnolongerservetheiroriginalpurposes,remainingcastlesreceivemillionsofvisitorseach

yearwhowishtoexperiencethesituationsofancienttimes.

12.Theauthorintroducesthetopicofthetextby.

A.makingaguessB.makingacomparison

C.givinganexampleD.providingdata

13.Thereasonwhywoodencastleswerereplacedbystonecastleswasthat.

A.stonecastlescostlessmoney

B.stonecastlesofferedbetterdefense

C.woodencastleswereuncomfortable

D.woodencastlestookalongtimetobuild

14.Whichofthefollowingshowedanimprovementincastledefenses?

A.Castlesweretotallyseparatedbystones.

B.Arrow-slitsweremadeinlargequantities.

C.Ringsofwallswerebuilttodefendthetowers.

D.Windowsandentrancesweremovedtothehigherfloor.

15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FancyLiving:LearningaboutCastles

B?Normans:BringingCastlestoEngland

C.AHistoryofCastles:TheRiseandFallofCastles

D.DefendingCastles:TechnologiesUsedtoDefendCastles

【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述城堡的歷史和興衰。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Palacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotection

againstattacks.Itiseasytodefendafortress（要塞），butusuallyfortressesarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofa

kinginmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabig

success.（宮殿以其美麗和輝煌而聞名，但它們幾乎無法抵御攻擊。保衛(wèi)要塞很容易，但通常要塞的設(shè)計(jì)并沒

有考慮到國王的舒適。說到既美觀又具有防御能力的建筑，歐洲城堡是一個巨大的成功戶可推知，作者先對

比了宮殿和要塞，說明了兩者各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，再引出即既美觀又具有防御能力的城堡，即文章的話題。故

選B項(xiàng)。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一三段中“Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreased

thestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.（后來，木制城堡逐漸被石頭取代，這大大提高了這些塔和墻的強(qiáng)度）“可

推知，木頭城堡被石頭城堡取代的原因是石頭城堡提供了更好的防御。故選B項(xiàng)。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowsor

burnthewoodendoors.Thisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesoffthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloor

tomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.（然而，攻擊者可以通過窗戶向城堡投擲燃燒的物體或燒毀木門。這導(dǎo)致

將窗戶和入口從一樓移到二樓，使它們更難以進(jìn)入廠可知，窗戶和入口被移到較高的樓層表明城堡防御的改

善。故選D項(xiàng)。

15.主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段最后一句"Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifuland

defensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.（當(dāng)談到既美觀又防御性的建筑時，歐洲城堡