Unit1-A市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

Unit1《21世紀大學(xué)英語應(yīng)用型綜合教程II》21stCenturyCollegeEnglish–forInteractivePurposes:Book2FoodandHealth1/151Starter1PartA2PartB3PartC4Unit1:FoodandHealth2/151Directions:Putthewords/expressionsintheboxintothecorrectcategories.CheckUnit1:Starteranti-bioticsmorehealthypoultryfoodadditivesmeatmorenutritioussyntheticpesticides(合成農(nóng)藥)vegetableslesscontaminatedgrowthhormone(生長激素)dairygeneticallymodifiedorganismschemicalfertilizereggssaferdrinks3/151

Words/expressionsforthingsthatarenotincludedinorganicfood:Words/expressionsforpossibleadvantagesoforganicfood:Words/expressionsfordifferentkindsoforganicfood:Directions:Putthewords/expressionsintheboxintothecorrectcategories.meat;poultry;eggs;dairy;vegetablesanti-biotics;growthhormone;syntheticpesticides;chemicalfertilizer;geneticallymodifiedorganisms;foodadditivesmorenutritious;lesscontaminated;morehealthy;saferUnit1:Starter4/151Theme-relatedInformationWarm-upTextAExercisesReviewofTextAPartA

EatingFoodThat’sBetterforYou,OrganicorNot5/151Vocabulary

KnowledgeaboutFoodUnit1:Theme-relatedInformationFoodPyramidHealthyFoodJunkFoodSongappreciation

6/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformationsocietyacceptabledailyintake(ADI)appetitedietary

historyeating

outfood

grain

other

than

wheat

and

ricefood

hygiene

lawmalnutritionmetabolismnutrientobesityvitaminDirections:Enrichyourvocabulary.每人每日允許攝入量維生素食欲飲食習(xí)慣出外用膳雜糧食品衛(wèi)生法代謝營養(yǎng)不良營養(yǎng)素肥胖7/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformationThisisthe

foodpyramid.Ithelpsusknowhowtoeatright.Eatingrighthelpsusstayhealthy.Thereare6foodgroupsinthepyramid.

Thefivemainfoodgroupsaregrains,fruits,vegetables,protein,andmilk.Weshouldeatfoodsfromeachofthesegroupseveryday.The

sixthfoodgroupisfatsandsweets.Thesefoodstastegood,buttheyarenotgoodforus.Weshouldeatlessofthem.8/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformation10HealthyFood

GarlicGreenTeaSpinachSalmonBroccoliRedWineTomatoesNutsOatsBlueberriesDirections:Knowmoreaboutthehealthyfood.9/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformation10JunkFood

CarbonateddrinkFriedFoodIndustrialFoodPickledFoodBiscuitsInstantnoodlesCannedFoodPreservedFruitIceCreamBarbequeDirections:Knowmoreaboutthejunkfood.10/151Unit1:Theme-relatedInformationDirections:EnjoytheSong.YourloveislikegreasyfriednoodlesInstantlygratifying-makesmewanttocomebackformoreYoufillmeupandI'mhungryanhourlaterGottohaveanotherserving-givemeasweetencoreComeonoverforsomebarbequedporkIwanttogetyouonmyforkandthenI'mgonnaswallowyouwholeWanttobasteyouonbothsidesgetyouniceandtenderWantyoutomeltinmymouth-givemeasensoryoverloadRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathSometimesyou'realittlelikeshakeandbakechickenAlittlehardontheoutsidebutsosoftwithinIfeeljustlikeapigwithyourjuicerunningdownmychinRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathFordesserthowaboutanicepieceofyourcherrypieWithsomewhippedcreamonit,thatwouldtastesounrealAfterwe'redoneIseeyousuckingonacigaretteYouknowthere'snothinglikeasmokeafteragoodheartymealRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathRingthedinnerbell,I'mstarvingtodeathFoodByPursuitofHappinessFromOne-sidedStory11/151VideoWatchingVideo-basedTasksUnit1:WarmupTask1:BlankFillingTask2:Discussion12/151Directions:

Watchthevideoclipanddotheexercises.BlankFillingDiscussionUnit1:Warmup13/151Directions:Watchthevideoclipandfillintheblankswiththewordsorexpressionsyou’veheard.

Underfederallaw,foodsandvegetablescanbe___1___organiciftheygrowwithoutconventionalpesticidesorpetroleum-basedfertilizers(有機肥料).Asaresult,organicfoodscontainfewer___2___residues.Butitisunclearwhetherthisreallymakesthefoodmorehealthfulsincepesticidelevelsinregularproduceshavenotbeen___3___toposeahealthy___4___tohumans.Anotherclaimisthatorganicproduceismorenutritiousthantheconventionalkind.The___5___forthisismixedwithmoststudiesfindingnoadvantagefororganic.Thenthereisa___6___thatorganicproduceislesslikelytobe___7___bybacterialikeE.coli(大腸(桿)菌).Inthiscase,theanswerisclear—nottrue.Whataboutmeatanddiaryproductslabeledorganic?Thismeanstheycamefromanimalsthatwerenotgivengrowthhormonesoranti-biotics.ThoughsomeCheckUnit1:Warmup[Whydopeoplepreferorganicfoodtoconventionalfood?Isitmorehealthy,lesscontaminated,moredeliciousornutritious?Watchthisvideoandfindouttheanswers.]researcherssuggestthathormonesinfoodcouldbe___8___tocertaincancersandearlypuberty(青春期),itisamatterofscientific___9___.There’sgreateragreementthatanti-bioticsinthefoodsupplymayhelpspawnso-called“superbugs”(超級病菌)and___10___usinaresistancetreatment.14/151Unit1:WarmupUnderfederallaw,foodsandvegetablescanbe1.

______organiciftheygrowwithoutconventionalpesticidesorpetroleum-basedfertilizers(有機肥料).Asaresult,organicfoodscontainfewer2._______residues.Butitisunclearwhetherthisreallymakesthefoodmorehealthfulsincepesticidelevelsinregularproduceshavenotbeen3.______toposeahealthy4.___tohumans.Anotherclaimisthatorganicproduceismorenutritiousthantheconventionalkind.The5._______forthisismixedwithmoststudiesfindingnoadvantagefororganic.Thenthereisa6._____thatorganicproduceislesslikelytobe7.___________bybacterialikeE.coli(大腸(桿)菌).Inthiscase,theanswerisclear—nottrue.labeledchemicalprovenriskevidencenotioncontaminated15/151Unit1:WarmupWhataboutmeatanddiaryproductslabeledorganic?Thismeanstheycamefromanimalsthatwerenotgivengrowthhormonesoranti-biotics.Thoughsome

researcherssuggestthathormonesinfoodcouldbe8.__________tocertaincancersandearlypuberty(青春期),itisamatterofscientific9.______.There’sgreateragreementthatanti-bioticsinthefoodsupplymayhelpspawnso-called“superbugs”(超級病菌)and10._____usinaresistancetreatment.contributingdebateaffect16/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Whywouldpeopleratherpayextramoneyfororganicfood?

Isorganicfarminglessdamagingtoourenvironment?Why?(Cues)(Cues)Cues:

chemicals;

non-organicallyproducedfood;

residue;

pesticide;

fertilizerCues:

damaging;

release;ecosystem;

energy;

wasteCheckDirections:Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.

17/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Whywouldpeopleratherpayextramoneyfororganicfood?SuggestedAnswers

Manypeoplejustdon’ttrustthosechemicalsanddon’twanttoputthemintotheirbodies.Sincevirtuallyallnon-organicallyproducedfoodscontainresiduesofpesticides,fertilizersandotherchemicals,theonlywaytoavoidthemistobuyorganicfoods.SuggestedAnswers18/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Isorganicfarminglessdamagingtoourenvironment?Why?SuggestedAnswers

Organicfarmingislessdamagingtoourenvironmentforthefollowingreasons:

Organicfarmsdonotconsumeorreleasesyntheticpesticidesintotheenvironment—someofwhichhavethepotentialtoharmsoil,waterandlocalterrestrialandaquaticwildlifealthoughitmustbenotedthatorganicpesticidesstillhavethepotentialtobeasdamagingtotheenvironmentassyntheticpesticides.SuggestedAnswers19/151Directions:Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Unit1:Warmup1.Howdidyoufeelonthefirstdayatcollege?(Cues:excited,lonely,farawayfrom,miss,free,onone’sown)2.Whatdifferencesaretherebetweencollegelifeandhighschoollife?(Cues:structure,remindof,counton,schedule)3.Whatisyourdailyscheduleincollege?(Cues:wakeup,breakfast,lecture,break,practice)Isorganicfarminglessdamagingtoourenvironment?Why?SuggestedAnswers

Organicfarmsarebetterthanconventionalfarmsatsustainingdiverseecosystems,i.e.populationsofplantsandinsects,aswellasanimals.Whencalculatedperunitarea,organicfarmsuselessenergyandproducelesswaste,e.g.,wastesuchaspackagingmaterialsforchemicals.20/151Passage

LanguageandCulturalpointsUnit1:TextA21/151EatingFoodThat’sBetterforYou,OrganicorNot

ByMarkBittman1.

Inthesix-and-one-halfyearssincethefederalgovernmentbegancertifyingfoodas“organic,”Americanshavetakentotheideawithconsiderable

enthusiasm.Saleshaveatleastdoubled,andthree-quartersofthenation’sgrocerystoresnowcarryatleastsomeorganicfood.AHarrisPollinOctoberfoundthatabout30percentofAmericansbuyorganicfoodatleastonoccasion,andmostthinkitissafer,betterfortheenvironmentandhealthier.Unit1:TextA22/1512.

“Peoplebelieveitmustbebetterforyouifit’sorganic,”saysPhilHoward,anassistantprofessorofcommunity,foodandagricultureatMichiganStateUniversity.3.

SoIdiscoveredonarecentbooktouraroundtheUnitedStatesandCanada.Unit1:TextA23/1514.

NomatterhowcarefullyIavoidedusingtheword“organic”whenIspoketogroupsoffoodenthusiastsabouthowtoeatbetter,someoneintheaudiencewouldinevitablyask,“WhatifIcan’taffordtobuyorganicfood?”O(jiān)rganicfoodseemstohavebecomethemagic

cureforall.Whenpeoplethinkofeatingit,theythinktheyareeatingwell,healthily,reasonably,evenmorally.Unit1:TextA24/1515.

Buteating“organic”offersnoguaranteeofanyofthat.AndthetruthisthatmostAmericanseatsobadly—weget7percentofourcaloriesfromsoftdrinks,morethanwedofromvegetables;thetopfoodgroupbycaloricintakeis“sweets”;andone-thirdofnation’sadultsarenowobese—thattheorganicquestionisa

secondary

one.It’snotunimportant,butit’snottheprimaryissueinthewayAmericanseat.Unit1:TextA25/1516.

Toeatwell,saysMichaelPollan,theauthorof

InDefenseofFood,meansavoiding“ediblefood-likesubstances”andstickingtorealingredients,increasinglyfromtheplantkingdom.(Americanseachconsumeanaverageofnearlytwopoundsadayofanimalproducts.)There’splentyofevidencethatbothaperson’shealth—aswellastheenvironment’s—willimprovewithasimpleshiftineatinghabitsawayfromanimalproductsandhighlyprocessedfoodstoplantproductsandwhatmightbecalled“realfood.”Unit1:TextA26/1517.

Fromthesechanges,Americanswouldreducetheamountofland,waterandchemicalsusedtoproducethefoodweeat,aswellastheincidenceoflifestylediseaseslinkedtounhealthydiets,andgreenhousegasesfromindustrialmeatproduction.

8.

Thegovernment’sorganicprogram,saysJoanShaffer,aspokeswomanfortheAgricultureDepartment,“isamarketingprogramthatsetsstandardsforwhatcanbecertifiedasorganic.Neithertheenablinglegislationnortheregulationsaddressfoodsafetyornutrition.”Peopledon’tunderstandthat,nordotheyrealize“organic”doesn’tmean“l(fā)ocal.”“Itdoesn’tmatterifit’sfromthefarmdowntheroadorfromChile,”Ms.Shaffersaid.“Aslongasitmeetsthestandards,it’sorganic.”Unit1:TextA27/1519.

Hence,theorganicstatusofsalmonflowninfromChile,oroffrozenvegetablesgrowninChinaandsoldintheUnitedStates—nomatterthesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindbygettingfromtheretohere.10.

Today,mostfarmerswhopracticetrulysustainable

farming,orwhatyoumightcall“organicinspirit,”operateonsmallscale,somesosmallthattheycan’taffordtherequirementstobecertifiedorganicbythegovernment.Unit1:TextA28/15111.

Buttheorganicfoodbusinessisnowbigbusiness,andgettingbigger.ProfessorHowardestimatesthatmajorcorporationsnowareresponsibleforatleast25percentofallorganicmanufacturingandmarketing.In,salesoforganicfoodsandbeveragestotaledabout$16.7billion,accordingtothemostrecentfiguresfromOrganicTradeAssociation.12.

Butthequestionsremainoverhowweeatingeneral.ItmayfeelbettertoeatanorganicOreothanaconventionalOreo,but,saysMarionNestle,aprofessoratNewYorkUniversity’s

departmentofnutrition,foodstudiesandpublichealth,“Organicjunkfoodisstilljunkfood.”Unit1:TextA29/15113.

Lastweek,MichelleObamabegandiggingup

apatchoftheSouthLawnoftheWhiteHousetoplantanorganicvegetablegardentoprovidefoodforthefirstfamilyand,moreimportant,toeducatechildrenabouthealthy,locallygrownfruitsandvegetablesatatimewhenobesityanddiabeteshavebecomenationalconcerns.14.

ButMrs.ObamaalsoemphasizedthatthereweremanychangesAmericanscanmakeiftheydon’thavethetimeorspaceforanorganicgarden.15.“Youcanbegininyourowncupboard,”shesaid,“byeliminatingprocessedfood,tryingtocookamealalittlemoreoften,tryingtoincorporatemorefruitsandvegetables.Unit1:TextA30/151

16.

Popularizingsuchchoicesmaynotbeasmarketableascreatingalogothatsays“organic.”ButwhenAmericanshavehadtheirfillof“value-added”andoverprocessedfood,perhapstheycanbeginproducingandconsumingmorefoodthattreatsanimalsandthelandasiftheymattered.Someofthatfoodwillbeorganic,andhoorayforthat.Meanwhile,theyshouldrememberthattheworditselfisnotsynonymouswith“safe,”“healthy,”“fair”orevennecessarily“good.”(833words)Unit1:TextA31/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointstaketo—

conceivealikingfor

Examples:Sandratooktoitstraightaway.

CharleshasanoddcharacterwhomKellyhasneverreallytakento.查爾斯性格古怪，凱莉從未真正喜歡過他。桑德拉一眼就喜歡上了它。32/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsconsiderable—

a.greatinamountorsizeExample:Hemadeaconsiderablesumofmoneyinrealestate.

他做房地產(chǎn)生意賺了一大筆錢。33/151consider---v.thinkabout;lookatconsiderate關(guān)切，體貼替他人著想---adj.alwaysthinkingofwhatotherpeopleneedorwantandtakingcarenottoupsetthemconsidered仔細考慮過，判斷，評價---adj.oncarefulthoughtconsidering---prep.…conjunctionusedwhendescribingasituation,beforeStatingafactbefore…考慮到...,鑒于…34/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsenthusiasm—

n.astrongfeelingofinterest,excitement,oradmirationaboutsth.Examples:Theproposalarousedlittleenthusiasminthegroup.

Hisenthusiasmmadeeveryoneelseinterested.

他熱情激發(fā)了大家興致。該提議在這些人中未引發(fā)多大興趣。35/151Wordfamily:enthusev.enthusiastn.enthusiasticadj.Phrase:enthusiasmfor36/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsgrocery

—

n.(～store)astorethatsellsfoodandotherthingsusedinthehomeExample:Anewsupermarketopenedacrossthestreet,andPeter’sgrocerybusinesswassooninabadway.街對面新開了一家超市,這使彼得雜貨店生意馬上蕭條了下來。37/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsgrocery

—

n.(pl.)thefoodorothergoodssoldinagrocerystoreExample:Adeliveryvanhasbroughtthegroceryorder.送貨車已把定購雜貨送來了。38/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsCulturalnote:Createdin1963byLouisHarris&Associates,theHarrisPollisoneoftheworld’slongest-runningandmostrespectedpublicopinionpolls.ResultsoftheHarrisPollarequotedfrequentlyinthemedia,receivingthousandsofmentionsannually.HarrisPoll39/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsonoccasion—

sometimesbutnotoften

Example:Onoccasionprisonerswereallowedvisitsfromtheirfamilies.有時家眷能夠探視犯人。40/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsassistantprofessorCulturalnote:IntheU.S.,“professors”commonlyoccupyanyofseveralpositionsinacademia,typicallytheranksofassistantprofessor,associateprofessororfullprofessor.Assistantprofessorisanintroductorylevelprofessor,apositiongenerallytakenafterreceivingPh.D.and/orcompletingapost-doctoralfellowship.After4—8years,assistantprofessorswillbeeithertenuredordismissedfromtheuniversity.41/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsinevitably—

ad.usedforsayingthatsth.iscertaintohappenandcannotbeavoidedExamples:Inevitablyhefailedtheexam,becausehewaslazy.

Thedecisionwillinevitablyleadtopoliticaltensions.

這個決議必將造成政治上擔(dān)心局面。他很懶惰,考試當然不及格。42/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsmagic—

n.specialpowersthatmakethepersonusingitabletodoimpossiblethings仙女使魔法將兩弟兄變成了天鵝?！?/p>

a.

usedinorusingmagicExample:ThecaliphofBagdadflewonhismagiccarpettoArabia.巴格達國王駕著魔毯飛到了阿拉伯半島。Example:Thefairy’smagicchangedthetwobrothersintoswans.43/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointscure—

n.

actofcuringorprocessofbeingcuredExample:There’snoknowncureforacold.治療感冒尚無良方?！獀.makesb.healthyagain抗生素有利于治療許多先前致命疾病。Example:Antibioticshelptocuremanydiseasesthatwereformerlyfatal.44/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsguarantee—v.topromisethatsth.willhappenorbedone這種保險契約保障我們免受任何損失?！?/p>

n.

aformalpromisethatsth.willbedoneorwillhappenExample:YouhavemyguaranteethatI’llfinishthejobontime.我向你確保按時完成工作。Example:Thepolicyguaranteesusagainstallloss.Buteating“organic”offersno

guarantee

ofanyofthat.45/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsButeating“organic”offersnoguaranteeofanyofthat.Paraphrase:Buteating“organic”doesnotpromisethatpeopleareeatingwell,healthily,reasonably,evenmorally.46/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints…,morethanwedofromvegetablesNote“do”在本句中作“代動詞”，代替前半句中動詞“take”，以防止重復(fù)。morethanwedofromvegetables—morethanwetakefromvegetables47/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointssecondary—a.comingaftersth.thatisfirstorprimary;oflessimportance,value,etc.thanwhatisprimaryExample:Manyolderpeoplestillbelievethatwomen’scareersaresecondary.許多上了年紀人依然認為婦女職業(yè)生涯并不那么主要。48/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsprimary—a.mostimportant;fundamentalExample:Theprimaryreasonforadvertisingistosellmoregoods.做廣告根本目標是增加貨物銷售量。49/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointssubstance—

n.atypeofsolidorliquidthathasparticularqualitiesExamples:Beawareofwhatyoudowiththisdangeroussubstance.

Iceandsnowaredifferentformsofthesamesubstance—water.

冰和雪都是水這一個物質(zhì)不一樣形式。你處理這些危險品時，可要當心。50/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsstickto—

decidewhattodo,say,believe,andnotchangethisExamples:Wedon’twanttohearyouropinions;sticktothefacts!

Heisamanwhostickstohisfriends.

他是個忠于朋友人。我們不想聽你想法，只講事實！51/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsconsume—v.usesth.,esp.time,energyorfuel每年美國人所消耗世界能源占很大百分比?！?/p>

v.

eatordrinksth.Example:Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthe

table.孩子們一會兒功夫便把桌上食品全部吃光。Example:EachyearAmericansconsumeahighpercentageoftheworld’senergy.52/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsevidence—n.(～of/for)

facts,objects,orsignsthatmakeyoubelievethatsth.existsoristrueExample:Hewaspunishedforgivingfalseevidence.他因作偽證而受到處罰。53/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

n.(bein～)presentandclearlyseenExample:He’sthesortofmanwholikestobeverymuchinevidenceatimportantmeetings,i.e.wholikestobeseenandnoticed.他是非常喜歡在重大會議上出風(fēng)頭那種人。evidence54/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsshift—n.achangeinthewaymostpeoplethinkaboutsth.,orinthewaysth.isdone

重量突然轉(zhuǎn)移造成船翻了?！?/p>

v.

changeyouropinionorattitudeExample:Asunsetlikethisshifteditstintseverymoment.像這么日落時時刻刻在改變著色彩。Example:Asuddenshiftinweightcausedtheboattoturnover.55/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsprocess—

n.aseriesofactions,developments,orchangesthathappennaturallyExample:Iwilltellyou,soonerorlater,allthecomplicatedprocess.我早晚會把整個復(fù)雜過程告訴你。56/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

v.treatfoodorsomeothersubstancebyaddingothersubstancestoit,forexampletogiveitcolororkeepitfreshExample:Supermarketssellmanyvegetablesthathavebeenprocessed.超市出售許多經(jīng)過加工蔬菜。process57/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

makeaconnectionbetweentwoormoresituations,events,orpeopleExample:Thesetwoeventswerelinkedtoeachother.這兩個事件相互聯(lián)絡(luò)。linkto58/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

provideevidencefor;standasproofofExample:Theaccusedhasbeencertified(as)insane/certifiedtobeinsane.有書面證實被告精神失常。becertifiedas59/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints注意此句中主謂一致問題。neither…nor短語用在陳說句語序中中時，謂語動詞與靠近謂語主語(regulations)單復(fù)數(shù)一致，所以用address而不是addresses。Neithertheenablinglegislationnortheregulationsaddress…Note主謂一致語法一致標準(grammaticalconcord)意義一致標準(notionalconcord)就近標準(principleofproximity)60/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsenablinglegislationCulturalnote:Anenablinglegislationisastatuteempoweringapersonorbodytotakecertainaction,especiallytomakeregulations,rules,ororders.Forexample,enablingactsoftenestablishgovernmentagenciestocarryoutspecificgovernmentpoliciesinamodernnationstate.Theeffectsofenablingactsfromdifferenttimesandplacesvarywidely.61/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

v.

thinkaboutandbegintodealwith(anissueorproblem)Example:Itistimeweaddressedthemainitemontheagenda.現(xiàn)在我們該把注意力集中到議事日程中主要項目上來了。addressNeithertheenablinglegislationnortheregulationsaddress…62/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindby…h(huán)ence—

ad.

fromthatfactorreasonorasaresultExample:ThetownwasbuiltnearabridgeontheRiverCam;hencethenameCambridge.該城市建在康姆河上一座橋附近，由此而得名康橋（現(xiàn)譯作劍橋）。accordinglyconsequentlyhencesothereforethus這些連接副詞都有“所以，所以”之意。cf.63/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindby…accordingly—書面用詞，強調(diào)依據(jù)某種原因而得出結(jié)果。e.g.Theyaskedhimtoleavethemeeting,andaccordinglyhewent.他們要他離開會場，所以他走了。consequently—正式用詞，側(cè)重符合邏輯結(jié)果。

e.g.Thebankrefusedtohelpthecompany;consequently,itwentbankrupt.銀行拒絕幫助這家企業(yè)，結(jié)果該企業(yè)破產(chǎn)了。64/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindby…h(huán)ence—較正式用詞，指接下來東西是理所當然、必需，但強調(diào)其主要性；慣用于無動詞短語中。therefore—通常指導(dǎo)出一個推斷出必定結(jié)論。

e.g.Ithink,thereforeIexist.我思故我在。so—用于比較隨便場所，口語中多用。thus—多用于書面語中，可與therefore換用。65/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence…thesizeofthe

carbonfootprint

leftbehindby…Culturalnote:carbonfootprint

Thetotalsetofgreenhousegas(GHG)emissionscausedbyanorganization,event,productorperson.Greenhousegasescanbeemittedthroughtransport,landclearance,andtheproductionandconsumptionoffood,fuels,manufacturedgoods,materials,wood,roads,buildings,andservices.Forsimplicityofreporting,itisoftenexpressedintermsoftheamountofcarbondioxide,oritsequivalentofotherGHGs,emitted.66/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsleavebehind—

departandnottakealongExamples:Helefthiswifeandchildrenbehind.

Theyoungathletesoonlefttheothersfarbehind.

那位年輕運動員很快就把其它選手遠遠地拋在后面。他拋下了妻兒。Hence…thesizeofthecarbonfootprint

leftbehind

by…67/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsHence,theorganicstatusofsalmonflowninfromChile,oroffrozenvegetablesgrowninChinaandsoldintheUnitedStates—nomatterthesizeofthecarbonfootprintleftbehindbygettingfromtheretohere.Paraphrase:Therefore,aslongasthesalmon,whichareimportedfromChileandthefrozenvegetables,whicharegrowninChinaandsoldintheUnitedStates,meetthestandards,theyareorganic,nomatterhowmuchgreenhousegasesareemittedforthemtogettoAmerica.68/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

a.

capableofbeingsustainedExample:sustainabledevelopment可連續(xù)發(fā)展sustainable69/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsfarming—

n.

thepracticeofcultivatingthelandorraisingstockExamples:sustainablefarmingIt’sdifficulttomakesheepfarmingpayhere.農(nóng)業(yè)可連續(xù)發(fā)展farming

agriculture這兩個詞都有“農(nóng)業(yè)”意思。養(yǎng)羊業(yè)在這里難有收益。cf.70/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsfarming—較為口語化，指畜牧、果物栽培、糧食栽種等農(nóng)業(yè)特定領(lǐng)域，有時也指小規(guī)模家庭經(jīng)營農(nóng)場等。agriculture—一詞較為正式，普通用來指農(nóng)業(yè)這一整體。另外，學(xué)術(shù)上論及農(nóng)業(yè)時，也用agriculture。

e.g.HewroteapaperonmodernagricultureinJapan.他寫了一篇關(guān)于日本當代農(nóng)業(yè)論文。farming71/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPoints—

精神上我無法親自參加你婚禮，但精神上我與你同在。inspiritExample:Ican’tcometoyourwedding,butI’llbethereinspirit.72/151Unit1:LanguageandCulturalPointsoperate—

v.

(causeto)workorbeinactione.g.Themachin