新概念英語語法：英語語法體系結(jié)構(gòu)圖

句種類(按結(jié)構(gòu)分)-復(fù)合句一句種類(按結(jié)構(gòu)分)-復(fù)合句一資料—代詞—動詞—實詞一形容詞數(shù)詞冠詞虛詞介詞感嘆詞陳述句-陳述句-疑問句-否定陳述句疑問句一般疑問句句種類(按功能分)句種類(按功能分)祈使句What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句簡單句并列句簡單句并列句形容詞性從句表語從句同位語從句非限制性定語從句時間狀語從句地點狀語從句原因狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句-讓步狀語從句—比較狀語從句一方式狀語從句條件狀語從句名詞體系(TheSystemofNoun)專有名詞名詞有些可數(shù)有些不可數(shù)-個體名詞——一般加s(books;eyes;bikes,etc.)可數(shù)名詞以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的，加es(classes;watches;boxes;dishes)輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，把y變?yōu)閕,加es(city—cities;family—families;study—studies)es(half—halves;wife—wives)以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾，一般加es(potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes)名詞的性體系(TheGenderSystemofNoun)陽性(man,brother,father,husband,etc.)陰性(woman,sister,wife,mother,etc.)名詞的性中性(book,friendship,knowledge,sky,etc.)通性(child,friend,professor,worker,cousin,etc.名詞的格體系(TheCaseSystemofNoun) 通格：當(dāng)名詞在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、補(bǔ)語時，名詞詞形無變化，此時稱為通格名詞的格 一屬格：當(dāng)名詞在句中表示所有或其他某些關(guān)系時，稱屬格，可分s屬格和of屬格S-屬格體系(TheSystemofS-case)S-屬格體系-S-屬格使用場合S-屬格的意義用于人名、有生名的、或視為有生名的東西的名詞(thestudent'sbooks;thedog'stail;Mary'sfather,etc.)用于表示地理、國家、城市、天體、文化藝術(shù)活動、時間、度量、價值等名詞(China'sreform;Beijing'sweather;thesun'slight,aweek'sholidays,etc.)表示所有關(guān)系(Mr.Smith'spassporthasbeencheckedup.)表示邏輯上主謂關(guān)系(Thevisitor'sarrivalwasreportedintoday'spapers.)-表示邏輯上動賓關(guān)系(Theenemy'sdefeatbroughtthewartoanend.)表示同位關(guān)系(TomboughtthebookatBrown's,thebookseller's.)表示與人類活動有聯(lián)系的其他關(guān)系(thegirl'sstory→thestoryofthe小程序搜索天浩提優(yōu)資料—主格(I)賓格(me)—主格(we)復(fù)數(shù)一-人稱代詞賓格(us)-單數(shù)—第二人稱—主格(you)復(fù)數(shù)一一賓格(you)-主格——一中性(it)-單數(shù)—一陰性(she)第三人稱-—陽性(him)賓格———中性(it)一主格(they)復(fù)數(shù)一賓格(them)代詞一單數(shù)(my)復(fù)數(shù)(our)陽性陽性(his)中性(its)陰性(her)一復(fù)數(shù)-單數(shù)一復(fù)數(shù)-單數(shù)(mine)(yours)-陽性(his)陰性(hers)復(fù)數(shù)(theirs)單數(shù)(myself)第一人稱單數(shù)(yourself)第二人稱單數(shù)(myself)第一人稱單數(shù)(yourself)第二人稱 陽性(himself)單數(shù)—中性(itself)—陰性(herself)第三人稱相互代詞(eachother;oneanother)指示代詞(this;that;these;those)一疑問代詞(who;whom;whose;what;which)關(guān)系代詞(who;whom;whose;which;that;as)不定代詞(all;each;everything;everybody;everyone;some;something;any;anything;nothing;none;another;other;theother;others)--動詞體系(ThesystemofVerb)-及物動詞不規(guī)則動詞一不及物動詞-簡單動詞—不定式(to+v)一動名詞(v+ing)非限定動詞現(xiàn)在分詞(v+ing)非限定動詞現(xiàn)在分詞主動詞分詞主動詞分詞過去分詞動詞(分類)-一基本助動詞(do,be,have)一助動詞-—情態(tài)助動詞(can;will;shall;may;must;should;would;could;might)天浩提優(yōu)資料時態(tài)一般將來時(will+do)將來進(jìn)行時(will+be+doing)將來完成時(will+have+done)將來完成進(jìn)行時(will+have+been+doing)一般現(xiàn)在時(do/does)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(be+doing)現(xiàn)在完成時(have/has+done)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(have/has+been+doing)一般過去時(v-ed/did)一過去進(jìn)行時(were/was+doing)一過去完成時(had+done)過去完成進(jìn)行時(had+been+doing)過去將來時(would+do)過去將來過去將來進(jìn)行時(would+be+doing)過去將來-過去將來完成時(would+have+done)過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(would+have+been+doing)一語態(tài)一主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)(be+v-ed)陳述語氣(Iamastudent.)祈使語氣(Openthedoor,please!)用于表示命令、決定、建議等詞之后的that分句中。用于if、though、lest、solongas等引導(dǎo)的分句中，表示推測、讓步、憂慮等。be型式用于某些表示祝愿、詛咒、禁止等及公式化的語句中。虛擬語氣一were型式一用于if、asifwere型式一將來時間的主觀設(shè)想情況。用于wish后的that分句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的主觀愿望。形容詞體系(TheSystemofAdjectives)單字形容詞(big、small、beautiful、bloody、voiceless、etc)形容詞(按形式分類)—復(fù)合形容詞(bitter-sweet、good-looking、easy-going、hard-working、etc.)中心形容詞(指既能充當(dāng)名詞修飾語，又能充當(dāng)主語補(bǔ)語和賓語補(bǔ)語)—外圍形容詞(指只能充當(dāng)定語或只能充當(dāng)表語的形容詞)形容詞(按功能分類)—一靜態(tài)形容詞(指用來描述人或物靜態(tài)特征的型容詞，如：tall、deep)動態(tài)形容詞(指用來描述人或物動態(tài)特征的形容詞，如：slow、faithfu后置定語(somethingnice;anythinginteresting;etc.)形容詞形容詞一—主語補(bǔ)語(表語)(Theboyisintelligent.etc.)賓語補(bǔ)語(Thesungivesuswarm.Wefinditnice.etc.)原級—(Heisastallashisfather;Theclassroomisasbigasyours.etc.)比較級—more+形容詞(beautiful—morebeautiful;etc.)形容詞的級—一不規(guī)則形容詞(good—better;bad—worse;—形容詞+est(small—smallest;big—biggest;etc.)最高級一-themost+形容詞(beautiful—themostbeautiful,etc.)不規(guī)則形容詞(good—best;bad—worst;etc.)副詞體系(TheSystemofAdverbs)方式副詞(angrily;quickly;warmly;carefully;loudly;anxiously.Etc.)程度副詞(almost;hardly;nearly;greatly;fairly;deeply;partly,etc.)副詞類型—時間副詞(ago;already;before;early;finally;immediately;later;etc.)地點副詞(above;there;upstairs;outside;below;anywhere;abroad;etc.)句副詞(fortunately;surely;actually;obviously;unfortunately;etc.)一連接副詞(therefore;however;moreover;thus;because;etc.)解說副詞(as;namely,etc.)功能副詞—一疑問副詞(when;where;why;whence;whereby;whereupon;how;etc.)副詞—關(guān)系副詞(when;where;why;whence;whereby;whereupon;etc.)感嘆副詞(how)修飾性狀語(Recentlytheyhadanaccident.)評注性狀語(FranklyIcandonothingaboutit.)副詞句法功能—連接性狀語(Doitnow.Otherwiseitwillbetoolate.)原級(asfastas;asquicklyas;assoonas;etc.)比較級—more+副詞(wonderfully—morewonderfully;etc.)副詞的級—不規(guī)則副詞(bad—worse;well—better;etc.)副詞+est(fast—fastest;early—earliest;etc.)最高級一most+副詞(wonderfully—mostwonderfully;etc.)不規(guī)則副詞(bad—worst;well—best;etc.)數(shù)詞體系(TheSystemofNumerals)一般情況下，基數(shù)詞+th(four—fourth;six—sixth;seven—seventh;etc.)例外詞(one—firth;two—second;three—third;five—fifth;eight—eighth;nine—ninth)構(gòu)成—(one;two;three;etc.)倍數(shù)表示法(times+NP;e.g.fivetimesthesizeof.…;times+形容詞/副詞比較級+than;times+as..as…etc.)-大于某數(shù)表示法(morethan;over;above;more)一小于某數(shù)表示法(lessthan;under;below;less;nearly;almost;upto;etc.)數(shù)的表示一大約數(shù)表示法((or;orso;about;somewhereabout;some;moreorless;around;etc.)between兩數(shù)之間表示法(…to…;from…to…;between…and;anywherebetween..and.…;etc.)分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法(1/2---onehalf;2/3—twothirds;0.8—zeropointeight;1.8—onepointeight;7%--sevenpercent;etc.)不確切數(shù)表示法(Tentoonethetrainwillbelate=Verylikelythetrainwillbelate.天浩提優(yōu)資料虛詞體系(TheSystemofFormWords)并列連詞(and;but;or;for;so;while;whereas;both…and;either…or;neither..nor;notonly…butalso;etc.)從屬連詞(after;although;as;as…as;asif;aslongas;assoonas;because;before;evenif;inorderthat;lest;nowthat;since;so.as;sothat;so…that;such…that;than;though;till;unless;until;when;where;whether;while;etc.)不定冠詞虛詞一簡單介詞(about;above;below;among;at;before;during;under;etc.)短語介詞(accordingto;apartfrom;asfor;asto;becauseof;etc)介詞搭配一介詞一感嘆詞(Oh;Ah;Well;Alas;etc.)動詞+介詞(belongto;dependon;comparewith;waitfor;etc.)形容詞+介詞(fondof;equalto;freefrom;angrywith;etc.)名詞+介詞(applicationfor;complainabout;familiaritywith,etc.)前置(onthetable;intheroom;inthemorning;beforethebuilding,etc.)疑問詞開頭的問句(Whodidyouborrowthebookfrom?)后置—以what開始的其他句或從句(WhatalotoftroubleIam定語從句(ThisisthehouseItoldyouabout.)被動語態(tài)(Ihatebeinglaughedat.)不定式短語(Ineedsomethingtowritewith.)句法體系(TheSystemofSyntactic)句-陳述句肯定陳述句(Heisastudent.Shedidherhomework.etc.)否定陳述句(Hehasn'tbeentoBeijing.Wedidnotknowhim.etc.)一般疑問句(Areyouastudent?DoesshelikeEnglish?etc.)特殊疑問句(Whatareyoudoinghere?Whereareyoufrom?etc.)-選擇疑問句(Doyouliketostayhereorgoout?etc.)反意疑問句(Youhaven'treadthisbook,haveyou?)一肯定祈使句(Openthedoor,please.Keepsilent.)否定祈使句(Don'tdothatagain.Don'tbelatenexttime.)—How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(Howbeautifulourschoolis!Howfastsheruns!etc.What引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(Whatabeautifulschoolitis!Whatanicegirlsheis!etc.)并列句(含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，由并列連詞連接)(HeiswatchingTVandwearedoingourhomework.)—主語從句(Whatissaidisreasonable.Thatheisagoodstudentisquestionable.)一表語從句(Thequestioniswhowillgofirst.)名詞性從句一賓語從句(Hetoldmethathewouldcomeandseeme.)限制性定語從句(由that;who;whom;whose;which;as;when;why;where形容詞性從句why等引導(dǎo)。)非限制性定語從句(由who;whom;whose;which;as;when;why;where;Why等引導(dǎo)。)時間狀語從句(由when;while;since;as;assoonas;nosooner…than;等引導(dǎo)。)地點狀語從句(由where;wherever等引導(dǎo))原因狀語從句(由because;as;since等引導(dǎo))條件狀語從句(由if;unless等引導(dǎo))—結(jié)果狀語從句(由sothat;so…that;such…that等引導(dǎo))一方式狀語從句(由as;asif;asthough等引導(dǎo))讓步狀語從句(由although;though;evenif;eve