高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞匯復(fù)習(xí)形容詞和副詞

高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法詞匯復(fù)習(xí)系列形容詞和副詞形容詞用來(lái)修飾、說(shuō)明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個(gè)句子，有時(shí)也能修飾名詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等。高考重點(diǎn)要求：1、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)，最高級(jí)常用句型2、形容詞的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法和副詞的位置3、多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序4、分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達(dá)中的語(yǔ)義差別第一節(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述一、形容詞形容詞在句子中的作用1．大部分形容詞能作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如：abeautifulpark一座美麗的公園TheplayTea-house（茶館）isbothmovingandinteresting.Wholeftthewindowopen?2．“定冠詞the+形容詞”表示一類(lèi)人或物，作“主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)”，意思為“……的一種人”，“……的一類(lèi)東西或事情”。如：Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.（新事物將代替舊事物。）Theyoungarefondofsports.(年輕人喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。)3．有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)如：ill,glad,asleep,afraid,alive(活著的)，alone(單獨(dú)的)４．某些動(dòng)詞加-ed和–ing都可構(gòu)成形容詞，加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則用來(lái)描寫(xiě)事物，如：Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.５．有些名詞加后綴可變成形容詞，如：lovely,friendly,windy,careful,careless,wooden等形容詞在句子中的位置1．形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，形容詞排列的次序一般應(yīng)考慮下面二種情況。（1）與被修飾名詞關(guān)系比較密切的形容詞位置靠近名詞，如：anexcitingAmericanfilm（2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容位置在后。2．在下列情況下，形容詞應(yīng)后置：（1）修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,anything,nothing等，如：anythingimportant,nothingeasy（2）同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用，如：twentyfeetlong,fiveyearsold3．幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一名詞時(shí)，一般順序?yàn)榇笮。╨ittle除外）、形狀、色彩、由來(lái)、用途。如：afineroundmaple（楓木）writingtable,afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse二、副詞副詞在句子中的作用副詞在句子中主要用作狀語(yǔ)，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，如：careful-carefully.副詞主要被分為以下幾種：1．時(shí)間副詞，如：often，early，usually，now2．地點(diǎn)副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there3．方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well4．程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5．疑問(wèn)副詞，如：how，when，why副詞在句子中的位置時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞的位置表示確定時(shí)間的副詞和地點(diǎn)的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時(shí)有地點(diǎn)副詞和時(shí)間副詞，地點(diǎn)副詞通常在前，時(shí)間副詞在后。修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語(yǔ)。如：bewellenough,gofastenough修飾動(dòng)詞的方式副詞有以下幾種修飾不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，該副詞要后置，如：singwell修飾及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語(yǔ)之后；如賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)也可放在動(dòng)詞和賓語(yǔ)之間。如：studyEnglishhard，seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard及物動(dòng)詞和副詞（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）組成的動(dòng)詞詞組，其賓語(yǔ)是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.４.形容詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級(jí)+as”句型。Heisastallashismonitor.兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“notso/as+形容詞原級(jí)+as”句型。Atraindoesn’ttravelsofastasaplane.三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物“最……”時(shí)，用“the+形容詞最高級(jí)+比較范圍”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)“越……越……”Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1.形容詞一般按限定詞，一般性描繪、大小、長(zhǎng)短和高低、形狀、年齡和新舊、顏色、國(guó)籍、地區(qū)和出處、物質(zhì)和材料、用途和類(lèi)別這一順序來(lái)修飾名詞的。2.在名詞前出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常常涉及詞的排列順序問(wèn)題。例如：afatoldlady不能說(shuō)成anoldfatlady，asmallblackleatherhandbag不能說(shuō)成aleatherblacksmallhandbag等。3.形容詞的詞序問(wèn)題比較復(fù)雜，前置形容詞的排列順序由它們和被修飾名詞之間的關(guān)系決定，關(guān)系密切的靠近被修飾詞，關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的離之稍遠(yuǎn)。4.在as+形容詞／副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)前可加上nearly,almost,just,quietly,half,exactly,及倍數(shù)表示比較的程度。例如：Myincomeishalfashighasmyfather.5.最高級(jí)前可用nearly,almost,about,next,byfar,bynomeans或序數(shù)詞進(jìn)行修飾。例如：Ofthethreeboys,Mikeisbynomeansthemostdiligent.

6.比較級(jí)的其他用法1）比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越……”。例如：Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.

2）themore…themore…“越……，越……”。例如：Themorefruityoueat,thehealthieryouwillbe.

3）nomorethan“只不過(guò)，僅僅”，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，起形容詞作用。例如：

Whatheissayingisnomorethanajoke.他所講的只不過(guò)是個(gè)玩笑而已。

4）nomore…than…“和……同樣不……”。例如：HecannomoreplaythepianothanIcanplaybasketball.他不會(huì)彈鋼琴和我同樣不會(huì)打籃球一樣5）nolessthan“多達(dá)，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如：

Therewerenolessthantwothousandpeopleatthematch.這場(chǎng)比賽不下于兩千人到場(chǎng)觀看。

6）noless…than“和……一樣，不遜于”。例如：

Ourmonitorisnolessdiligentthanheusedtobe.我們的班長(zhǎng)和以前一樣勤奮。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais____GreatBritain.A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof例2、Manystudentssignedupforthe_________raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800metrelongB.800metreslongC.800metrelengthD.800metreslength例3、Attimes,worryingisanormal____responsetoadifficulteventorsituation----alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A.effective B.individual C.inevitable D.unfavorable例4、You'restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove________?A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar例5、Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,________.A.ourholidaywillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybe例6、Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_________itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas例7、Americanseat_______vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmany例8、—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.too例9、Broadlyspeaking,IwouldagreewithShirley,thoughnot________A.widelyB.thoroughlyC.entirelyD.extensively例10、—Youdon'tlookvery________.Areyouill?—No,I'mjustabittired.A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy形容詞與副詞考點(diǎn)◆典型陷阱題分析◆1.Wedon’tcareifahuntingdogsmells_____,butwereallydon’twanthimtosmell____.A.well,well B.bad,badC.well,badly D.badly,bad2.“_____doyouthinkofyourEnglishteacher?”“Oh,heisan_____man.”A.What,interesting B.What,interestedC.How,interesting D.How,interested3.Theoperationwassuccessful,butIstillfelt_____.A.verypainful B.muchpainfulC.alotofpain D.verypaining4.“Ourteamis_____towinthematch.”“Really?ButIdon’tthinkso.”A.easy B.difficultC.possible D.sure5.Ithinkheis_____totellusthesecret,butI’mnotsure.A.possible B.likelyC.impossible D.certain6.Let’smakeitatseveno’clockonTuesdaymorningatmyofficeif________.A.you’reconvenientB.itisconvenientforyouC.youfeelconvenientD.itisconvenientwithyou7.Weweretwohourslatethatday,whichwasduetothe______.A.crowdedtraffic B.crowdedtrafficsC.busytraffic D.busytraffics8.Maryisverycleverand_____worthteaching,butherbrotherisnot.Look,heisnow_____asleepinclass.A.very,very B.much,veryC.well,very D.well,fast9.“CouldItakeyourordernow?”“Yes.One_____teaandtwo_____coffees.”A.black,white B.red,whiteC.black,green D.red,black10.Enteringthehousewefoundhimlyingonthebedwithhismouth_______andeyes_______.A.open,close B.opened,closedC.opened,close D.open,closed11.A______roadgoes______fromoneplacetoanother.A.straight,straight B.straightly,straightlyC.straight,straightly D.straightly,straight對(duì)比練習(xí):102.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_____someschoolsforpoorchildren.(2001上海春)A.set B.settingup C.havesetup D.havingsetup103.Mr.Reedfeltveryexcited_____someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.set B.settingup C.havesetup D.havingsetup104.Mr.Reedalwaysfeelslike______someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.set B.settingup C.havesetup D.havingsetup105.Ireallyappreciate_____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(2001上海)A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime C.tohavetime D.tohavingtime106.Ireallyexpect_____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime C.tohavetime D.tohavingtime107.Iamreallylookingforward_____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime C.tohavetime D.tohavingtime109.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(2002上海春)A.waiting B.towait C.wait D.tobewaiting110.Havingmissedthebus,theymeant____foranotherhour.A.waiting B.towait C.wait D.tobewaiting111._____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(2003上海春)A.Thepresidentwillattend B.ThepresidenttoattendC.Thepresidentattended D.Thepresident’sattending112._____themeetinghimselfandgivethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.Thepresidentwillattend B.ThepresidenttoattendC.Thepresidentattended D.Thepresident’sattending113.Victorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004上海春)A.hisbeingnotable B.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingable D.himtobenotable114.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.(2001全國(guó))A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed115.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____amongthem.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed116._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(2001全國(guó))A.Havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered117._____fromabadheadache,hehadtofollowthedoctor’sadviceandstayinbedforacoupleofdays.A.Havingsuffered B.Suffering C.Tosuffer D.Suffered118.When_____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(2002上海春)A.completed B.completing C.beingcompleted D.tobecompleted119.After_____themuseum,wewillopenittothepublicnext.A.completed B.completing C.beingcompleted D.tobecompleted120.Unless_____tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(2003上海春)A.invited B.inviting C.beinginvited D.havinginvited121.Without_____tospeak,youshouldremainsilentastheconference.A.invited B.inviting C.beinginvited D.havinginvited122.When_____manyguests,theyhurriedbacktoschooltogeteverythingready.A.invited B.inviting C.beinginvited D.havinginvited說(shuō)明文:TheVoiceofAmericabeganduringtheWorldWarII.WhenGermanywasbroadcastingaradioprogramtogetinternational1_____,Americanofficialsbelievedtheyshould2_____theGermanbroadcastwithwordsthattheythoughtwerethefactsofworldevents.ThefirstVOAnewsreportbeganwithwordsin3_____.“The4_____maybegoodorbad,butweshalltellyouthetruth.”Withinaweek,otherVOA5_____werebroadcastinginItalian,FrenchandEnglish.AftertheWorldWarIIendedin1945,someAmericansfeltVOA’s6_____hadtobechanged,7_____theSovietUnionbecameenemyofAmerica.Theywantedto8_____Sovietlisteners.ThenVOAbeganbroadcastinginRussian.IntheearlyyearsVOAbeganaddingsomethingnewtoitsbroadcastthatwas9_____“MusicUSA”.Anothernewideacamealongin1959.VOAknewthatmanylistenersdidnotknow10_____Englishtocompletelyunderstandits11_____Englishbroadcast.SoVOA12_____asimplerkindofEnglish,13_____usesabout1,500wordsandisspoken14_____ofcourse,itisspecialEnglish.Inthe15_____ofmostVOAlisteners,themost16_____programisthenewsreport.Newsfromaroundtheworld17_____intotheVOAnewsroomsinWashington24hoursaday.ItcomesfromVOAreportersin18_____citiesandalsofromother19_____likeBBC.VOAwritersandeditorsusethesematerialsto20_____newsreports,whicharebeingbroadcastin43languages.1.A.businessB.cultureC.supportD.information2.A.replyB.answerC.joinD.interrupt3.A.sameB.shortC.EnglishD.German4.A.newsB.problemsC.effectsD.opinions5.A.stationsB.newsC.announcersD.officials6.A.homeB.positionC.purposeD.results7.A.ifB.supposingCconsideringD.inorderthat8.A.reachB.satisfyC.attackD.support9.A.knownB.reportedC.calledD.printed10.A.AmericanB.BritishC.standardD.enough11.A.normalB.fastC.goodD.exact12.A.inventedB.discoveredC.taughtD.stopped13.A.itB.whoC.whichD.that14.A.slowlyB.rapidlyC.normallyD.loudly15.A.pleasureB.courseC.opinionD.advice16.A.difficultB.importantC.variousD.common17.A.fliesB.sendsC.deliversD.pasts18.A.allB.majorC.AmericanD.news19.A.broadcastsB.formsC.newspapersD.countries20.A.broadcastB.announceC.translateD.prepare故事類(lèi):(10·廣東A篇)WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica,Iwasashamedofmymother’sChineseEnglish.BecauseofherEnglish,shewasoftentreatedunfairly.Peopleindepartmentstores,atbanks,andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously,didnotgivehergoodservice,pretendednottoUnderstandher,orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.MymotherhasrealizedthelimitationsofherEnglishaswell.WhenIwasfifteen,sheusedtohavemecallpeopleonphonetopretendIwasshe.Iwasforcedtoaskforinformationoreventoyellatpeoplewhohadbeenrudetoher.OnetimeIhadtocallherstockbroker(股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人).Isaidinanadolescentvoicethatwasnotveryconvincing,“ThisisMrs.Tan..”Andmymotherwasstandingbesideme,whisperingloudly,“Whyhedon’tsendmecheekalreadytwoweeklone.”Andthen,inperfectEnglishIsaid:“I’mgettingratherconcerned.Youagreedtosendthechecktwoweeksago,butithasn’tarrived.”Thenshetalkedmoreloudly.“Whathewant?IcometoNewYorktellhimfrontofhisboss.”AndsoIturnedtothestockbrokeragain,“Ican’ttolerateanymoreexcuse.IfIdon’treceivethecheckimmediately,IamgoingtohavetospeaktoyourmanagerwhenIaminNewYorknextweek.”ThenextweekweendedupinNewYork.WhileIwassittingtherered-faced,mymother,therealMrs.Tan,wasshoutingtohisbossinherbrokenEnglish.WhenIwasateenager,mymother’sbrokenEnglishembarrassedme.Butnow,Iseeitdifferently.Tome,mymother’sEnglishisperfectlyclear,perfectlynatural.Itismymothertongue.Herlanguage,asIhearit,isvivid,direct,andfullofobservationandwisdom.ItwasthelanguagethathelpedshapethewayIsawthings,expressedideas,andmadesenseoftheworld.41.Whywastheauthor’smotherpoorlyserved? A.ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish.B.Shewasoftenmisunderstood. C.Shewasnotclearlyheard.D.Shewasnotverypolite.42.FromParagorph2,weknowthattheauthorwas. A.goodapretendingB.rudetothestockbroker C.readytohelphermotherD.unwillingtophoneforhermother43.Aftertheauthormadethephonecall,.A.theyforgavethestockbrokerB.theyfailedtogetthecheck C.theywenttoNewYorkimmediatelyD.theyspoketotheirbossatonce44.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhermother’sEnglishnow? A.Itconfusesher.B.Itembarrassesher. C.Ithelpsherunderstandtheworld.D.Ithelpshertoleraterudepeople.45.WecaninterfromthepassagethatChineseEnglish. A.isclearandnaturaltonon-nativespeakersB.isvividanddirecttonon-nativespeakers C.hasavervbadreputationinAmericaD.maybringinconvenienceinAmerica[2014·衡水中學(xué)五調(diào)]It'sreportedthatmanypeoplediedoftrafficaccidentseachyear.Roadsafetyhasarousedthewidelyattentionofthepublic.Manyruleshavemadetoreducethetrafficcrashes,especiallyfortheonesinvolvedinthepedestrians.Inmyopinion,weshouldmakeroadsafetyseriouslyinourdailylife.Whileusedtheroad,wemustwalkonthepavementandlearntoprotectus.Besides,cardriversshouldobeythetrafficrules,thatisbothgoodforthemselvesandothers.Intheword,obeyingthetrafficrulesarewhatallofusshouldpayattentiontoparticularly.Afterall,lifeisnotasmallmatter.活用關(guān)聯(lián)詞:篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫是三大評(píng)分條款之一，因此，我們?cè)趯?xiě)作時(shí)，除按照邏輯順序組合所有內(nèi)容信息外，還必須學(xué)會(huì)靈活運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)。除連接并列句或引導(dǎo)主從復(fù)合句的連接詞之外，特別推薦使用以下連詞性詞語(yǔ)：表起始：firstofall，accordingto，inmyopinion，asfarasIamconcerned，asfarasIknow，asforme等表遞進(jìn)：besides，what’smore，what’sworse，furthermore，inadditionto等表并列:also，aswell(as)，or，either...or，neither...nor，notonly...butalso，both...and等表因果:therefore，thanksto，asaresult(of)，becauseof，dueto，owingto等表強(qiáng)調(diào):aboveall，indeed，surely，certainly，ofcourse，atleast，obviously等表解釋:thatistosay，inotherwords，believeitornot，totellyouthetruth等表比較:justas，justlike，inthesameway，similarly，instead等表空間:ontheleft/right，totheleft/rightof，ononesideof...ontheothersideof...，atthefoot/top/endof，inthemiddle/centreof等表時(shí)間:atfirst,inthebeginning,next,then,later，abouttwomonthslater，afterawhile，soon，soonafterthat，afterthat，afterwards，sincethen,meanwhile,intheend,atlast，finally，forthefirsttime,thenextmoment,uptonow,beforelong，fromthenon，soonerorlater等表轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?however，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，inspiteof,afterall，infac