2022-2023學(xué)年貴州省遵義市紅花崗區(qū)高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題

紅花崗區(qū)2023屆高三第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、考號(hào)、姓名填寫(xiě)在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào);非選擇題必須使用毫米黑色簽字筆，將答案書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上，要求書(shū)寫(xiě)工整、規(guī)范。在試卷上答題無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APeopleoftenwonderaboutsomeofthebestplacestosee.AgoodpointofreferenceistofirstlookatattractionslabeledasUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.ThesesitesareculturallyorphysicallysignificantplaceslistedbytheUnitedNationsfortheirimportancetohumanityasawhole.Let’sseesomeofthem!TheMogaoCaves,ChinaAlsoknownastheMogaoGrottoes,thecavesarelocatedalongthecliffside(峭璧)abovetheDaquanRiverinGansuprovince.Firstbuiltin366andcomprising492caves,theMogaoCavesareknownasthebiggestcollectionofBuddhistartintheworld.AsalandmarkorthehistoricSilkRoad,theRedwoodNationalPark,LyinginthemountainousregionnorthofSanFranciscoinCalifornia,US.theRedwoodNationalParkissignificantforitscollectionofredwoodtrees—thetallestandoldesttreesintheworld—aswellasitsvarietyofseaandlandwildlife.Onceabundantthroughoutthetemperate(MachuPicchu,SituatedintheAndesMountains,thisfascinatingancientcityisremarkablebothforitsbeautifulsettingaswellasitsuseofcomplexcityplanning.Standingat2,430metersabovesealevel,thecityofMachuPicchuiscoveredwithbothmistandmystery.Researchershaveyettouncoverthecity’sroleintheIncan(印加族的)empire’suseofastronomyandplantdomestication(1.WhatcanyoulearnfromtheMogaocaves?A.Theywerebuiltonsteepcliff.B.Theyhavethelargestartcollection.C.Theywerebuiltfivecenturiesago.D.Theyperfectlyexhibitedarthistory.2.WhyisRedwoodA.Becauseitliesinthemountainousregion.B.Becauseithasanumberofredwoodtrees.C.Becauseithasatemperateandmildclimate.D.Becauseithasvarioustallestandoldesttrees.3.WhatdoweknowaboutMachuPicchu?A.Itshighaltitudemakestheplacewell-known.B.Itscomplexcityplanningenjoysthebestfame.C.Themistsurroundingthecityaddedtoitsbeauty.D.TheIncancultureisstillamysteryforresearchers.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹3個(gè)被列為聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)的景點(diǎn)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheMogaoCaves,China部分“AlsoknownastheMogaoGrottoes,thecavesarelocatedalongthecliffside(峭璧)abovetheDaquanRiverinGansuprovince.(這些洞穴也被稱(chēng)為莫高窟，位于甘肅省大泉河上方峭璧上。)”可知，莫高窟被建在陡峭的懸崖峭壁上，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RedwoodNationalPark,US部分“LyinginthemountainousregionnorthofSanFranciscoinCalifornia,US.theRedwoodNationalParkissignificantforitscollectionofredwoodtrees—thetallestandoldesttreesintheworld—aswellasitsvarietyofseaandlandwildlife.(位于美國(guó)加利福尼亞州舊金山以北的山區(qū)。紅杉樹(shù)國(guó)家公園因其擁有很多的紅杉樹(shù)——世界上最高和最古老的樹(shù)木，以及各種海洋和陸地野生動(dòng)物而具有重要意義。)”可知，紅杉樹(shù)國(guó)家公園因擁有很多的紅杉樹(shù)而重要，故選【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MachuPicchu,Peru部分“Standingat2,430metersabovesealevel,thecityofMachuPicchuiscoveredwithbothmistandmystery.Researchershaveyettouncoverthecity’sroleintheIncan(印加族的)empire’suseofastronomyandplantdomestication(馴化).(馬丘比丘城海拔2430米，被迷霧和神秘所籠罩。研究人員尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)這座城市在印加帝國(guó)使用天文學(xué)和植物馴化中的作用。)”可知，科學(xué)家并未發(fā)現(xiàn)印加族的文化。印加族的文化對(duì)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是謎。故選D。BWhenIfoundanadvertisementforaconferencebychance,Icouldn’twaittotellmycoworkers.Itlookedlikeagreatdayofpresentationshighlyrelevanttoourresearch,andIexpectedtheywouldbeeagertoattendwithme.However,noonewasinterested.Ayearearlier,IleftIndiafortheUnitedKingdomtopursuemyresearchcareer.Atwork,Ishiedawayfromengagingindiscussionsorputtingforwardmyopinions.IwasafraidmycoworkerswouldrealizehowweakIreallyfelt.Somemorningsjuststeppingoutofmyroomandgoingintothelabseemedatoughtask.Socializingdidn’thelp,asIconstantlyfearedcommittingsocialmistakes.Ilongedfornewexperiences,butmyinsecuritiespreventedme.Istartedtokeepmoreandmoretomyself.Thatbegantochangeafteraquietbreakdowninthelabprompted(促使)metocontacttheuniversity’smentalhealthservices.TheconsultantsuggestedIattendanearbyconcertbyafamoussingerfrommyhomecountry.Icouldn’tmissit.So,thereIwasinthepackedconcerthall,surroundedbystrangers—allofusclappingandsingingthechorusesofthefamiliarsongs.Itwasabeautifulnight,anditprovedtobeaturningpoint.Mygrowingself-confidencecarriedoverintomywork,whereIstartedtospeakupandputforwardmyopinions.Iofferedtohelpcoworkersdesignandtroubleshootexperiments.Ibegantoaskquestionsduringdepartmentalmeetings.Ifinallyfeltlikeanactivememberofthegroup.So,whenthatconferencecamearound,Ifeltcomfortableregisteringtoattendonmyown-andI’msogladIdid.NotonlydidImeetthespeakers,butIalsointroducedmyselftootherattendees.Theencountersinspiredmetocriticallyevaluatemyownprofessionalinterests.4.Howdidtheauthorprobablyfeelatfirstabouthiscoworkers’response?AEager. B.Worried. C.Disappointed. D.Uninterested.5.Whydidtheauthorcontactthementalhealthservices?A.Hewantedtosolveaconflict. B.Hestruggledtoconductresearch.C.Heoftenmadebigmistakesinsocializing. D.Helackedconfidenceinanewenvironment.6.Whathappenedduringtheconcert?A.Theauthorgottheconsultant’shelp. B.Theauthorsangalongwiththestrangeaudience.C.Theauthormetwithapreviouscoworker. D.Theauthorconnectedasongwithhisresearch.7.Whatdidtheauthordoatlast?A.Hewenttotheconferencealone. B.Heturnedtoexpertsforadvice.C.Hetookfullchargeofthelab. D.Hechangedhisprofessionalinterests.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者曾經(jīng)害怕犯社交錯(cuò)誤而不跟人來(lái)往，后來(lái)聯(lián)系了大學(xué)的心理健康服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)后情況開(kāi)始變化，作者的自信不斷增長(zhǎng)，并延續(xù)到工作中?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“WhenIfoundanadvertisementforaconferencebychance,Icouldn’twaittotellmycoworkers.Itlookedlikeagreatdayofpresentationshighlyrelevanttoourresearch,andIexpectedtheywouldbeeagertoattendwithme.However,noonewasinterested.(當(dāng)我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)會(huì)議的廣告時(shí)，我迫不及待地告訴我的同事?？雌饋?lái)這是一個(gè)與我們的研究高度相關(guān)的演講的偉大的一天，我希望他們會(huì)渴望和我一起參加。然而，沒(méi)有人感興趣。)”可知，對(duì)于同事們的反應(yīng)，作者一開(kāi)始可能會(huì)感到失望，故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Socializingdidn’thelp,asIconstantlyfearedcommittingsocialmistakes.Ilongedfornewexperiences,butmyinsecuritiespreventedme.Istartedtokeepmoreandmoretomyself.Thatbegantochangeafteraquietbreakdowninthelabpromptedmetocontacttheuniversity’smentalhealthservices.(社交并沒(méi)有幫助我，因?yàn)槲铱偸呛ε路干缃诲e(cuò)誤。我渴望新的體驗(yàn)，但我的不安全感阻止了我。我開(kāi)始越來(lái)越不跟人來(lái)往了。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的一次安靜的崩潰促使我聯(lián)系了大學(xué)的心理健康服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)后，情況開(kāi)始發(fā)生了變化。)”可知，作者聯(lián)系心理健康服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)是因?yàn)樗谛颅h(huán)境中缺乏信心。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“So,thereIwasinthepackedconcerthall,surroundedbystrangers—allofusclappingandsingingthechorusesofthefamiliarsongs.(所以，我在擁擠的音樂(lè)廳里，被陌生人包圍著——我們所有人都在鼓掌，合唱著熟悉的歌曲。)”可知，音樂(lè)會(huì)期間作者和陌生的觀眾一起唱歌。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“So,whenthatconferencecamearound,Ifeltcomfortableregisteringtoattendonmyown-andI’msogladIdid.(所以，當(dāng)那個(gè)會(huì)議召開(kāi)的時(shí)候，我很樂(lè)意自己報(bào)名參加——我很高興我這么做了。)”可知，作者最后一個(gè)人去參加了那個(gè)會(huì)議。故選A。CManyofuswereluckyenoughtohavesomedegreeofchoiceoverwhatweeat.Butarethedecisionswemakeasfreeaswethink?Whatifthereissomethingotherthanourownhungerthatinfluenceswhatweeat?Lookthroughsocialmediasitesandyouwillseepictureafterpictureofperfectlypresentedandextremelydelicious-lookingmeals.Whilethesmellandtasteoffoodcanhaveapowerfuleffectonourappetite,areendlesspostsofsteamingsnacksandinvitingdishesmorethanjustafeastforoureyes?Certainly,itappearswe’rehugelyinfluencedbyotherpeople—especiallythoseclosesttous—whenitcomestowhatweeat.Oureatinghabitsarealsoinfluencedbywhatwesee.“Thereissomeevidencethatifyouseepicturesoffood,thatvisualstimulationcanmakeyoufeeladesiretoeat,”saysaUKscientist.Butsocialmediaisoneplacewheresocialandvisualaspectsmeet.Thereisevidencethatiffriendsinyoursocialnetworkpostregularlyaboutparticulartypesoffood,itcouldleadyoutocopythem.Ifallyourfriendsonsocialmediaarepostingpicturesofthemselvesconsumingfastfood,it’sgoingtocauseyoutoformafalsebeliefthateatingfastfoodiswhatallpeopledo.Researchsuggestsphotosoffastfoodaremorelikelytomakeusfeelgood.Humanstendto,naturally,seekouthigh-caloriefood—anabilitythathelpedourancestorssurvivewhentheyhunterforfood.Incomparison,healthierfoodsareoftenseenasboring.Scientistsarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedaboutfood-relatedcontentonsocialmediawhichismakingusthinkingdifferentlyaboutfood.Socialmediaalgorithms(算法)promotecontentthatusersrespondmore,soviewingmoreunhealthyfoodmeansseeingevenmoreofitonoursocialmedia.8.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Socialmediamayaffectourownfoodchoices.B.Socialmediashouldbeprohibited.C.Wealwayschoosewhatweeatatwill.D.It’sinappropriatetoignorefriends’postsofdishes.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutphotosoffriendseatingfastfood?ATheyaretime-consuming.B.Theyareallmade-up.C.Theyareabondoffriendship.D.Theycanbemisleading.10.Whyarephotosoffastfoodmorelikelytomakeusfeelgood?A.Theyaremorebeautiful.B.Theyareassociatedwithhealth.C.Thecauseisbiologicallyrooted.D.Thecauseishardtoexplain.11.Howdoscientistsfeelaboutfood-relatedcontentonsocialmedia?A.It’sinspiring. B.It’sappealing. C.It’sworrying. D.It’sboring.【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。有研究表明：社交媒體上的快餐美食照片可能會(huì)影響我們自己的食物選擇，文章剖析其中的原因，科學(xué)家為此很是擔(dān)憂(yōu)，因?yàn)樯缃幻襟w算法會(huì)推廣用戶(hù)反應(yīng)更多的內(nèi)容，瀏覽更多不健康食品的人會(huì)被推送到更多不健康食品的信息?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中第四句開(kāi)始“Lookthroughsocialmediasitesandyouwillseepictureafterpictureofperfectlypresentedandextremelydelicious-lookingmeals.Whilethesmellandtasteoffoodcanhaveapowerfuleffectonourappetite,areendlesspostsofsteamingsnacksandinvitingdishesmorethanjustafeastforoureyes?(瀏覽社交媒體網(wǎng)站，你會(huì)看到一張又一張呈現(xiàn)完美、看起來(lái)極其美味的飯菜的圖片。雖然食物的氣味和味道對(duì)我們的食欲有很大的影響，但沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的熱氣騰騰的小吃和誘人的菜肴是否不僅僅是我們的視覺(jué)盛宴呢？)”和第二段中“Certainly,itappearswe’rehugelyinfluencedbyotherpeople—especiallythoseclosesttous—whenitcomestowhatweeat.(當(dāng)然，在我們吃什么的問(wèn)題上，我們似乎在很大程度上受到他人的影響，尤其是那些與我們最親近的人)”可知，作者認(rèn)為社交媒體可能會(huì)影響我們自己的食物選擇。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Ifallyourfriendsonsocialmediaarepostingpicturesofthemselvesconsumingfastfood,it’sgoingtocauseyoutoformafalsebeliefthateatingfastfoodiswhatallpeopledo.(如果你所有的朋友都在社交媒體上發(fā)布自己吃快餐的照片，這會(huì)讓你產(chǎn)生一種錯(cuò)誤的想法，認(rèn)為吃快餐是所有人都會(huì)做的事情。)”可知，朋友吃快餐的照片可能具有誤導(dǎo)性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Researchsuggestsphotosoffastfoodaremorelikelytomakeusfeelgood.Humanstendto,naturally,seekouthigh-caloriefood—anabilitythathelpedourancestorssurvivewhentheyhuntedforfood.(研究表明，快餐的照片更容易讓我們感覺(jué)良好。人類(lèi)自然地傾向于尋找高熱量的食物——這種能力幫助我們的祖先在狩獵時(shí)生存下來(lái)。)”可知，快餐照片更容易讓我們感覺(jué)良好，其原因可追溯到喜歡高熱量食物的人類(lèi)的祖先，所以有生物性根源。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中最后兩句“Scientistsarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedaboutfood-relatedcontentonsocialmediawhichismakingusthinkingdifferentlyaboutfood.Socialmediaalgorithms(算法)promotecontentthatusersrespondmore,soviewingmoreunhealthyfoodmeansseeingevenmoreofitonoursocialmedia.(科學(xué)家們?cè)絹?lái)越擔(dān)憂(yōu)社交媒體上與食物相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容讓我們對(duì)食物有了不同的看法。社交媒體算法會(huì)推廣用戶(hù)反應(yīng)更多的內(nèi)容，所以瀏覽更多不健康食品意味著在社交媒體上看到更多不健康食品。)”可知，科學(xué)家們感到社交媒體上與食物相關(guān)的內(nèi)容多為不健康食物，令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)。故選C項(xiàng)。DEightmonthsafterChinaputa10-yearbanonfishingintheYangtzeRiver,agroupofabout10Yangtzefinlessporpoises(江豚)wereseenintheriverofWuhan,HubeiProvince.Theirappearancewassaidtobearesultoflessinterference(干涉)fromhumanactivitiesoranincreasefoodavailability.“Risingwaterlevelsduringthefloodseasonandthefishingbanmaybothcontributetothisrareanimal’sappearance.Withoutinterferencefromhumanactivities,thefinlessporpoisesmightbemoreactive,”saidZhangXianfeng,anaquatic(水生的)wildliferesearcher.ThefinlessporpoiseiswidelybelievedtobeanimportanthealthindicatoroftheYangtzeRiver.Overthepast40years,itspopulationhasdeclineddramaticallyduetomanyfactors,suchasclimatechangeandhabitatloss.In2013,itwasclassifiedas“criticallyendangered”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.However,thepopulationhasshownsomestabilityinrecentyearsthankstojointprotectionfromgovernmentorgans,researchinstitutesandothersocialorganizations.Zhangbelievesit’sagoodthingthatthepublichasbecomemoreawareoftheurgencyofsavingthefinlessporpoiseandprotectingtheecosystemoftheYangtzeRiver.However,theappearanceofthefinlessporpoisescannotnecessarilybeseenasasignthatthepopulationisincreasing.Itstotalpopulation,around1,000,isverylimited,whichmakesthechancesforthemtohavebabiesverysliminsuchalongriverastheYangtzeRiver.TopreservebiodiversityalongtheYangtzeRiver,Chinaimposeda10-yearfishingbanin332conservationareas,protectingnotonlythefinlessporpoisebutalsomorethan4,300kindsofaquaticlifelivingintheYangtzeRiver.Thefishingban,whichiscrucialtoecologicalrestorationofthewholeriver,willsignificantlyexpandthefinlessporpoise’sfoodsupplyandremovethethreatfromfishingtools.However,theeffectwillbeknownonlyafterthreetofiveyears.12.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theeffectofthe10-yearfishingban.B.Thelivingconditionsoffinlessporpoises.C.Thenecessityoflimitinghumanactivities.D.Thereasonsforfinlessporpoises’appearance.13.Whathasdirectlyaffectedthebirthrateoffinlessporpoise?A.Thelimitedpopulation.B.Thehumaninterference.C.Thelackofpublicawareness.D.ThelengthoftheYangtzeRiver.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthe10-yearfishingban?A.ItwasputintoeffectinHubeiProvince.B.Itaimstoprotectavarietyofaquaticlife.C.Itincreasedthenumberoffinlessporpoisessoon.D.ItforbidshumanactivitiesalongtheYangtzeRiver.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshowtheeffectofa10-yearfishingban.B.Tointroducethefeaturesoffinlessporpoises.C.Torecordtheappearanceoffinlessporpoises.DToadvocatetheprotectionoftheYangtzeRiver.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述經(jīng)過(guò)人們?cè)诒Ｗo(hù)長(zhǎng)江沿岸的生物多樣性中所做的努力，一群約10頭長(zhǎng)江江豚在湖北省武漢市的河流中看到，從這可以看到長(zhǎng)江沿岸的生物數(shù)量發(fā)生的改變。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段“‘Risingwaterlevelsduringthefloodseasonandthefishingbanmaybothcontributetothisrareanimal’sappearance.Withoutinterferencefromhumanactivities,thefinlessporpoisesmightbemoreactive,’saidZhangXianfeng,anaquatic(水生的)wildliferesearcher.(水生動(dòng)物研究人員張先鋒表示：‘汛期水位上升和禁漁令都可能導(dǎo)致這種罕見(jiàn)動(dòng)物的出現(xiàn)。如果沒(méi)有人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的干擾，江豚可能會(huì)更加活躍?！笨芍?，這段主要解釋江豚出現(xiàn)的原因。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Itstotalpopulation,around1,000,isverylimited,whichmakesthechancesforthemtohavebabiesverysliminsuchalongriverastheYangtzeRiver.(它的總數(shù)量約為1000頭，非常有限，這使得它們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)江這樣一條漫長(zhǎng)的河流中生孩子的機(jī)會(huì)非常渺茫。)”可知，由于江豚數(shù)量有限，這直接影響江豚的出生率。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段“TopreservebiodiversityalongtheYangtzeRiver,Chinaimposeda10-yearfishingbanin332conservationareas,protectingnotonlythefinlessporpoisebutalsomorethan4,300kindsofaquaticlifelivingintheYangtzeRiver.(為了保護(hù)長(zhǎng)江沿岸生物多樣性，中國(guó)在332個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)實(shí)施了為期10年的禁漁令，不僅保護(hù)了江豚，還保護(hù)了4300多種生活在長(zhǎng)江中的水生生物。)”可知，實(shí)行10年的禁漁令是為了保護(hù)長(zhǎng)江沿岸的生物多樣性，保護(hù)各種水生生物。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“EightmonthsafterChinaputa10-yearbanonfishingintheYangtzeRiver,agroupofabout10Yangtzefinlessporpoises(江豚)wereseenintheriverofWuhan,HubeiProvince.Theirappearancewassaidtobearesultoflessinterference(干涉)fromhumanactivitiesoranincreasefoodavailability.(在中國(guó)實(shí)施長(zhǎng)江十年禁漁令八個(gè)月后，在湖北省武漢市的江中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一群約10頭長(zhǎng)江江豚。據(jù)說(shuō)，它們的出現(xiàn)是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)干擾減少或食物供應(yīng)增加的結(jié)果。)”以及后文可知，本文主要介紹中國(guó)實(shí)施了為期10年的禁漁令后，長(zhǎng)江沿岸的生物數(shù)量發(fā)生的改變，目的在于告訴讀者十年禁漁令的效果。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoTeachConfidenceWhileitmightseemlikesomepeoplearejustbornconfident,confidenceislargelyanacquiredskill.___16___Startbybuildinguptheirself-esteem,independentthought,andpositiveself—talk.Showthemhowtoachievegoals,andhowtodealwithfailurewhenithappens.Withlessonslikethese,youcanteachthepeoplearoundyoutobecomemoreconfident.Modelconfidentbehaviorfarpeople.Ifyou’retryingtoimprovesomeone’sconfidence,beamodelforhowtheyshouldbehaveinaconfidentway.___17___Showthemconfidentinterpersonalrelationslikeeyecontact,handshakes,andmakingsmalltalk.Thisletsthempracticeinasafeenvironment.Praisesmallaccomplishmentstoraiseaperson’sself-worth.Ifyou’retryingtobuildsomeone’sconfidence,startsmall.Eachaccomplishmenttheycompleteisacauseforcelebration,evenifitseemssmall.Behappyforyourfriends,kids,orstudents.___18___Givespecificpraisesopeopleknowwhattheydidwell.Aspecificpraiseisbetterthanasimple“Youdidwell”.___19___.Thismakesyourpraisemoregenuineandbooststhepersonself-esteemmorebyshowingthemtheirstrengths.Startwithapositivestatementbeforecorrectingsomething.___20___Thisisespeciallyimportantifyou’reaparent,teacher,orcoach.Ifyoudohavetomakecriticismsorcorrections,alwaysstartbysayingsomethingpositivefirst.Thisraisestheperson’sspiritsandmakesiteasierforthemtotakethecriticalfeedbackthat’scomingup.A.Instead,tellthepersonexactlywhattheydidwell.B.It’ssomethingyoucanmodelandteachotherpeople.C.Youmayhavetopointoutwheresomeoneneedstoimprove.D.Insteadoffeelingcriticized,thepersonwillknowyou’resincere.E.Actconfidentaroundthemandinyourinterpersonalinteractions.F.Yourpositiveenergywillteachthemtocelebratetheirachievements.G.Youmightshowsomeone’sstrengthstohelpthemseethebrightside.【答案】16.B17.E18.F19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何幫助他人培養(yǎng)自信?！?6題詳解】上文講到“confidenceislargelyanacquiredskill(自信在很大程度上是一種后天習(xí)得的技能)”自信心是可以培養(yǎng)的技能。B項(xiàng)中“It”指代上一句中的“confidence”，下文又介紹了如何幫助他人培養(yǎng)自信，B項(xiàng)“這是你可以為其他人做榜樣和教導(dǎo)的東西”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?7題詳解】上文講到“Ifyou’retryingtoimprovesomeone’sconfidence,beamodelforhowtheyshouldbehaveinaconfidentway.(如果想要提高某人的自信，應(yīng)該以一種自信的方式成為他們行為的榜樣)”以及下文“Showthemconfidentinterpersonalrelationslikeeyecontact,handshakes,andmakingsmalltalk.(向他們展示自信的人際關(guān)系，如眼神交流、握手和閑聊。)”可知，在交際中要表現(xiàn)出自信。E項(xiàng)“在他們周?chē)腿穗H交往中表現(xiàn)出自信”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?8題詳解】上文“Behappyforyourfriends,kids,orstudents.(為你的朋友、孩子或?qū)W生高興。)”這是正能量的體現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中“positiveenergy”對(duì)應(yīng)上文的“happy”,并且“them”對(duì)應(yīng)上文的“friends,kidsorstudents”,F項(xiàng)“你的積極能量將教會(huì)他們慶祝自己的成就”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?9題詳解】上文“Aspecificpraiseisbetterthanasimple“Youdidwell”.(具體的表?yè)P(yáng)比簡(jiǎn)單的“你做得好”要好)”關(guān)鍵詞“specific”，A選項(xiàng)“相反，告訴對(duì)方他們哪里做得很好”正是具體表?yè)P(yáng)的方式。符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?0題詳解】下文“Ifyoudohavetomakecriticismsorcorrections,alwaysstartbysayingsomethingpositivefirst.(如果你不得不批評(píng)或糾正，總是先說(shuō)一些積極的話(huà)。)”此處說(shuō)的是“提出批評(píng)”，C選項(xiàng)“你可能需要指出某人需要改進(jìn)的地方”與下文銜接緊密，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Awomanprofessorwasgivingalessontoherstudentsonstressmanagement.Asshe____21____aglassofwater,everyoneintheclass____22____theywouldbeaskedthe“half-emptyorhalf-full”question.____23____,thatwasnotthecase.Withasmileonherface,sheaskedthestudents,“Howmuchdoyouthinkthisglassofwaterweighs?”Answerscalledout____24____fromeighttotwentyounces(盎司).Shequietedthestudentsdownandthenresponded,“Theabsoluteweightdoesn’t____25____.Butitcountshowlongyouholdit.IfIholditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmy____26____.IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.Ineachcase,the____27____oftheglassofwaterdoesn’tchange,butthe____28____Iholdit,theheavieritbecomes.Why?”Lostin____29____,allthestudentskeptsilentandlistenedtotheprofessorcarefully.“Ourstressesand______30______inlifearelikethatglassofwater.Ifwe______31______ourburdensallthetime,soonerorlater,wewillfeelexhausted,evenunableto______32______.”______33______youhavetodoisputallyourburdensdown,as______34______intheeveningaspossible.Don’tcarrythemthroughtheeveningintothenight;bydoingthis,wecanget______35______nextmorningandare______36______tomoveforward.Moreoftenthannot,lifegetsterriblewhenwe______37______toomuch.Andthemomentyou______38______yourburdens,you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.Soratherthanbeingupsetandfeeling______39______foryourself,startdoingsomethingaboutit.Afterall,lifeistooshortto______40______yourselftoanythingthatisnotmakingyouhappy.21.A.raised B.indicated C.pulled D.stressed22.A.wondered B.agreed C.expected D.argued23.A.Meanwhile B.However C.Anyhow D.Therefore24.A.read B.ranged C.replied D.seized25.A.fade B.exist C.increase D.matter26.A.stomach B.toe C.fingernail D.arm27.A.shape B.weight C.position D.size28.A.longer B.deeper C.fewer D.further29.A.thought B.fantasies C.dreams D.discussion30.A.doubts B.joys C.surprises D.worries31.A.cover B.hide C.carry D.show32.A.pickup B.carryon C.workout D.takein33.A.Anything B.Nothing C.All D.Something34.A.early B.eagerly C.quickly D.naturally35.A.depressed B.entertained C.refreshed D.amazed36.A.able B.anxious C.passive D.thankful37.A.rest B.fear C.get D.think38.A.putupwith B.catchupwith C.lookdownon D.letgoof39.A.greedy B.confused C.sorry D.happy40.A.treat B.abandon C.drive D.help【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.D27.B28.A29.A30.D31.C32.B33.C34.A35.C36.A37.D38.D39.C40.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)女教授讓學(xué)生觀察一杯水的重量的事例告訴讀者：我們只有卸下壓力和負(fù)擔(dān)，才能活得更輕松?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她舉起一杯水時(shí)，班上的每個(gè)人都認(rèn)為他們會(huì)被問(wèn)到“半空還是半滿(mǎn)”的問(wèn)題。A.raised籌集，舉起；B.indicated表明；C.pulled拉；D.stressed強(qiáng)調(diào)。根據(jù)下文“Butitcountshowlongyouholdit.”可知，老師舉起一杯水。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.wondered想知道；B.agreed同意；C.expected期待，預(yù)期；D.argued爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)“theywouldbeaskedthe“half-emptyorhalf-full”question”可知，學(xué)生們預(yù)期老師會(huì)問(wèn)的問(wèn)題。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，事實(shí)并非如此。A.Meanwhile與此同時(shí)；B.However然而；C.Anyhow無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣；D.Therefore因此。根據(jù)“thatwasnotthecase.”可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：答案從8盎司到20盎司不等。A.read閱讀；B.ranged（在一定范圍內(nèi)）變化，變動(dòng)；C.replied回復(fù)；D.seized抓住。根據(jù)“fromeighttotwentyounces”可知，喊出的答案在8盎司到20盎司之間變動(dòng)。rangefrom…to…為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“從……到……的范圍”。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她讓學(xué)生們安靜下來(lái)，然后回答說(shuō):“絕對(duì)重量不重要?！盇.fade逐漸消失；B.exist存在；C.increase增長(zhǎng)；D.matter重要。根據(jù)“Butitcountshowlongyouholdit.”可知，空處和“counts”對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我拿著它一個(gè)小時(shí)，我的手臂就會(huì)疼。A.stomach胃；B.toe腳趾；C.fingernail指甲；D.arm手臂。根據(jù)“IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.”可知，此處是信息詞arm的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選D。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在每種情況下，一杯水的重量都不會(huì)改變，但我拿它越久，它就變得越重。A.shape形狀；B.weight重量；C.position位置；D.size尺寸。根據(jù)“theglassofwaterdoesn’tchange”可知，水的重量沒(méi)有改變。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.longer更長(zhǎng)的；B.deeper更深的；C.fewer更少的；D.further更進(jìn)一步的。根據(jù)“IfIholditforanhour,Iwillhaveanacheinmy____6____.IfIholditforaday,myarmwillfeelnumb.”可知，舉起杯子的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，它就變得越重。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所有的學(xué)生都陷入沉思，保持沉默，仔細(xì)地聽(tīng)教授講課。A.thought想法；B.fantasies幻想，想象；C.dreams夢(mèng)想；D.discussion討論。根據(jù)上文“Ineachcase,the____7____oftheglassofwaterdoesn’tchange,butthe____8____Iholdit,theheavieritbecomes.Why?””可知，老師提出疑問(wèn)，學(xué)生陷入沉思。lostinthought為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“陷入沉思”。故選A。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們生活中的壓力和擔(dān)憂(yōu)就像那杯水。A.doubts懷疑；B.joys快樂(lè)；C.surprises驚喜；D.worries擔(dān)心。空處和“stresses”并列，表示“擔(dān)心”。故選D。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們一直背負(fù)著負(fù)擔(dān)，遲早會(huì)感到筋疲力盡，甚至無(wú)法繼續(xù)下去。A.cover覆蓋；B.hide隱藏；C.carry攜帶；D.show展示。根據(jù)“burdensallthetime”可知，如果一致背負(fù)著負(fù)擔(dān)，遲早會(huì)筋疲力盡。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意同上。A.pickup撿起，開(kāi)車(chē)接送；B.carryon繼續(xù)；C.workout計(jì)算出，鍛煉；D.takein吸收，理解。根據(jù)“soonerorlater,wewillfeelexhausted”和“even”可知，此處表示甚至生活都無(wú)法繼續(xù)。故選B。【33題詳解】考查代詞詞義辨析。句意：你所要做的就是把你所有的負(fù)擔(dān)都放下，越早越好。A.Anything任何事情；B.Nothing沒(méi)有什么；C.All一切；D.Something一些事情。根據(jù)“putallyourburdensdown”可知，你所要做的就是把你所有的負(fù)擔(dān)都放下。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.early早地；B.eagerly渴望地；C.quickly迅速地；D.naturally自然地。根據(jù)“Don’tcarrythemthroughtheeveningintothenight”可知，要盡早放下負(fù)擔(dān)。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不要把它們從晚上帶到夜里；這樣做，我們第二天早上就能精神煥發(fā)，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。A.depressed沮喪的；B.entertained娛樂(lè)的；C.refreshed神清氣爽的；D.amazed驚訝的。根據(jù)“Don’tcarrythemthroughtheeveningintothenight”可知，這樣做以后第二天會(huì)神清氣爽。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.able能夠的；B.anxious焦慮的；C.passive消極的；D.thankful感激的。根據(jù)“moveforward”可知，盡早放下負(fù)擔(dān)才能繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選A。【37題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們想得太多時(shí)，生活往往變得糟糕。A.rest休息；B.fear害怕；C.get得到；D.think認(rèn)為。根據(jù)下文“Andthemomentyou____18____yourburdens,you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.”可知，想得太多，不能放下負(fù)擔(dān)生活往往變得糟糕。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)你卸下負(fù)擔(dān)的那一刻，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己感到輕松多了。A.putupwith忍受；B.catchupwith追上，趕上；C.lookdownon輕視，看不起；D.letgoof釋放。根據(jù)“you’llfindyourselffeelingsomuchmorerelaxed.”可知，放下負(fù)擔(dān)，就會(huì)變得輕松。故選D。【39題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，與其為自己感到難過(guò)和抱歉，不如開(kāi)始做點(diǎn)什么。A.greedy貪婪的；B.confused困惑的；C.sorry抱歉的；D.happy高興的。feelsorryfor為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“為……難過(guò)，遺憾”。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：畢竟，生命太短，不要把自己沉溺在那些不讓自己快樂(lè)的事情上。A.treat對(duì)待，治療；B.abandon廢棄；C.drive駕駛；D.help幫助。Abandononeselfto為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“沉溺于”。根據(jù)“anythingthatisnotmakingyouhappy.”可知，不要讓自己沉溺于不開(kāi)心的事情。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Aftercycling2,000kilometersin18days.LanHuiyunandhis13studentsfinallyreachedtheirdestination—QinghaiLakeinQinghaiprovinceonAugust17.Lan,35,____41____geographyteacherfromShanxiprovince,startedoutwithhisstudentsonJuly30,severaldaysafterthey____42____(admit)intodifferentuniversities.TheysetofffromtheircampusandpassedthroughtheprovinceShanxi,Shaanxi,theInnerMongoliaandGansubeforearrivinginQinghai.InearlyMay,Lanbegantoplanabicycleroute____43____wouldallowthestudentstoreceivefirsthandexperienceaboutlocalplants,climateandcustoms.Healsoprovidedtraining,____44____(include)bicycleoperation,repairingskillsandsomebasicfirstaid,toensuretheir____45____(safe)andreducethepossibilityofaccidents.However,theyencountereddifficulties,suchasflattiresandlack____46____oxygen,whilecyclinginhighaltituderegions.____47____(fortunate),allofthempersistedandfinallyreachedthedestination.ItwasnotthefirsttimethatLan____48____(organize)suchjourneystocommemorate(紀(jì)念)theendofhighschool.Althoughitcoststimeandenergy____49____(arrange)suchactivities,hewillcontinuetobring____50____(many)studentstocycleoutsideinthefuturebecausecyclingcanbroadentheirhorizons.【答案】41.a

42.wereadmitted43.which##that44.including45.safety46.of47.Fortunately48.hadorganized49.toarrange50.more【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道。蘭會(huì)云老師帶著他的13名學(xué)生在18天內(nèi)騎行2000公里后，終于到達(dá)了目的地——青海湖。