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第份初中語法講義介詞年月日 第7章介詞介詞,是一種虛詞。它不能單獨(dú)在句子中擔(dān)任成分,需要和名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、從句構(gòu)成介詞短語,擔(dān)任句子的成分。介詞的數(shù)量并不多,但每個(gè)介詞常具有多種意思,并且使用頻率較高。所以學(xué)好介詞很關(guān)鍵。典型例句:1.WewillmeetonSunday.(我們將在周日見面。)典型例句:2.IsetbetweenJimandAnn.(我坐在吉姆和安之間。)典型例句:3.Ialwaysthinkofher.(我總是想起她。)典型例句:4.She’llwaitforme.(她會等我的。)1.介詞的種類和介詞短語的用法1.介詞的種類介詞可分為兩種:簡單介詞和短語介詞。簡單介詞只是一個(gè)單詞,如in,on,after,before,at,by,for,from,above,over,under等。短語介詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞集合而成的,如outof,infrontof,becauseof,insteadof等。Wesetthedinnerpartyatsixthirty.(我們定在六點(diǎn)半聚餐。)Ibrokethelamponthewall.(我打碎了墻上的燈。)Tomjumpedoutofbed.(湯姆從床上跳下來。)Icamebackbecauseoftherain.(因?yàn)橄掠辏晕一貋砹?。)補(bǔ)充:介詞可以分為時(shí)間介詞(at)、地點(diǎn)介詞(on,outof)、方式介詞(by)、原因介詞(becauseof)和其他介詞。2.介詞短語的用法“介詞+名詞/代詞”形成介詞短語,可以作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。Thegirlwithlonghairismyeldersister.(那個(gè)長頭發(fā)的女孩是我姐姐。)NancyputherMP4onthedesk.(南希把她的MP4放在了桌上。)(1)介詞短語作定語介詞短語作定語時(shí),一律后置。Themobilephoneonthedeskismine.(桌子上的手機(jī)是我的。)Heboughtavillawithfinescenery.(他買了一棟風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的別墅。)Agentlemaninwhitecameintothehall.(一個(gè)穿白衣服的紳士走進(jìn)了大廳。)比較:比較介詞短語作定語與形容詞作定語的區(qū)別:abookonthedesk(桌子上的一本書)(介詞短語修飾名詞)aninterestingbook(一本有趣的書)(形容詞修飾名詞)(2)介詞短語作狀語介詞短語作狀語時(shí),修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個(gè)句子。Classesbeginateight.(8點(diǎn)鐘開始上課。)(介詞短語修飾動詞)Janelooksyoungerforherage.(簡看起來比她的實(shí)際年齡年輕。)(介詞短語修飾形容詞)Tomysurprise,LiMingpassedtheexamatall.(讓我感到驚訝的是,李明居然考試及格了。)(介詞短語修飾全句)比較:比較介詞短語作狀語與副詞作狀語的區(qū)別:standonthehill(站在山上)(介詞短語修飾動詞)standthere(站在那兒)(副詞修飾動詞)(3)介詞短語作表語Heisindanger.(他處于危險(xiǎn)之中。)Weareagainst/foryou.(我們反對/支持你。)Thecarisinfrontofthehouse.(汽車在房子前面。)(4)介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語Makeyourselfathome.(隨意一些,就和在你自己家一樣。)WemadeBrianoutofdanger.(我們使布萊恩脫離了危險(xiǎn)。)2.表示時(shí)間的介詞表示時(shí)間的介詞如下:類別舉例表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻at,on,in表示時(shí)間的前后before,after表示期限by,until,till表示期間for,during,through表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)from,since表示時(shí)間的經(jīng)過in,within1.at,on,inA.at:用于表示時(shí)刻、時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)atlunch在午餐時(shí)atdawn在黎明atnoon正午時(shí)atthattime那時(shí)atnight在夜間atthemoment此刻,目前atpresent目前atnine(o’clock)在9點(diǎn)鐘atfirst起初,開始的時(shí)候at/ontheweekend在周末atlast最后atthesametime同時(shí)attimes偶爾,有時(shí)attheendof(the)year在年末attheSpringFestival在春節(jié)attheLanternFestival在元宵節(jié)atthetimeof(the)year在一年中的這個(gè)時(shí)候Weusuallyhavelunchattwelve.(我們通常12點(diǎn)吃午飯。)B.on:用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具體的某一天時(shí),一律用on)onMonday在周一onTuesdaymorning在周二早上onyourbirthday在你生日那天onAugust8,2008在2008年8月8日onafinemorning在一個(gè)晴朗的早晨onacoldnight在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚ontheNewYear’sEve在除夕onthemorningofNationalDay在國慶節(jié)的上午onChildren’sDay在兒童節(jié)那天onthenightofJuly(the)first在7月1日的夜晚Wedidn’tlistentothelectureonWednesdayafternoon.(周三下午我們沒去聽演講。)C.in:用于表示月、季節(jié)、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))inJanuary在一月inNovember在十一月inMarch在三月inthemorning在上午inMay在五月intheafternoon在下午inspring在春季intheevening在晚上in2010在2010年inautumn在秋季insummer在夏季inwinter在冬季inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)inSeptember,2018在2018年9月Peoplegoskatinginwinter.(人們冬天去滑冰。)Iwillcomeintheevening.(我晚上會過來。)切記:泛指一般的上午、下午時(shí)用in。(inthemorning在早上)特指某日的上午、下午時(shí)用on。(onSundaymorning在周日早上)注意:在this,last,next,every等詞前面不能再加其他介詞。thismorning今天上午lastFriday上周五nextSunday下周日everyMonday/week/spring...每周一/每星期/每個(gè)春季……Theyhadabadharvestthatyear.(他們那年的收成很差。)2.before,afterA.before:在……之前Allpassengersmustarriveattheairporttwohoursbefore(介詞)thedeparturetime.(所有的乘客必須在登機(jī)前兩個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場。)補(bǔ)充:before的用法:before既可以作介詞又可以作連詞。Hewillcallmebefore(連詞)heleaveshere/before(介詞)teno’clock.(他離開這兒之前/10點(diǎn)之前,將給我打電話。)B.after:在……之后Thenightsstartafter(介詞)halfpastfiveinwinter.(在冬天下午五點(diǎn)半以后夜晚就開始降臨了。)Pleaseclosethedoorafter(連詞)youleavetheroom.(離開房間后請把門關(guān)上。)補(bǔ)充:after的用法:after既可以作介詞又可以作連詞。3.by,until/tillA.by:在……前(時(shí)間);截止到……bytheendof在……底(之前)bysixo’clock在6點(diǎn)之前bythen到那時(shí)bynextFriday在下周五之前bythetime+從句在……之前HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?(到去年年底以前你看過多少本英文書?)AdahadleftbythetimeIarrived.(我到時(shí)/之前埃達(dá)已經(jīng)走了。)B.until/till:直到……為止(時(shí)間)Theywon’tcomebackuntil/tilltheendoftheyear.(他們到年底才會回來。)(come是終止性動詞,所以用否定式)I’llwaitforhimuntilhecomeshere.(我將在這兒一直等到他來。)(wait是延續(xù)性動詞,所以用肯定式)說明:until/till句子的特殊性在由until/till構(gòu)成的句子中,動詞如果是終止性動詞,則必須用否定式。比較:by和until/till的區(qū)別until和till可以通用。另外,until和till還可以作從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,而by不能作連詞。byseveno’clock截至7點(diǎn)鐘(一般和完成時(shí)連用)untilseveno’clock直到7點(diǎn)(7點(diǎn)以前)4.for,during,throughA.for:達(dá)……之久(表示經(jīng)過了多少時(shí)間)for可以和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用,但最常和完成時(shí)連用。HehaslivedinLosAngelesfor50years.(他在洛杉磯已經(jīng)住了50年了。)Oh!Wehavetostayhereforanhour.Whatawasteoftime!(??!我們要在這兒呆一個(gè)小時(shí)。太浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了?。┣杏洠篺or和during的常用短語forayear一年forafewdays幾天fortwentyweeks二十周duringthelesson上課期間duringthewar/thenight戰(zhàn)爭期間/夜間B.during:在……期間Wherewillyougoduringthesummer?(今年夏天你打算去哪兒?)Theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthewinterholidays.(寒假中他們打算好好休息一下。)比較:for和during的區(qū)別for之后大多跟表示時(shí)間、具體天數(shù)等的數(shù)字名詞。during后絕不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞。C.through:一直……(從開始到結(jié)束)Theyplayedthecardsthroughthenight.(他們打了一整夜的牌。)PaulstayedinLondonthroughthewinter.(保羅整個(gè)冬天都呆在倫敦。)5.from,sinceA.from:從……(時(shí)間)起from表示“從……開始”時(shí),一般都是用詞組from...to...,而單純表示確切的“從幾點(diǎn)開始”時(shí)用at。Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten.(會議將從8點(diǎn)開到10點(diǎn)。)Themeetingwillbeheldateight.(會議將從8點(diǎn)鐘開始。)比較:from和since的區(qū)別from用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)及將來時(shí)態(tài);from只能作介詞。since表示時(shí)間時(shí),一般只用于完成時(shí)的句子;since還可以作連詞。B.since:自從……以來(表示從以前某時(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù))Ihaveplayedthepianosince2006.(我從2006年開始彈鋼琴。)(強(qiáng)調(diào)一直彈到現(xiàn)在)Thedoctorhassavedalotoflivessincehebecameadoctor.(這個(gè)醫(yī)生自行醫(yī)以來已經(jīng)挽救了許多人的生命。)(since作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)6.in,withinA.in:過……之后(未來時(shí)間)in大多用在將來時(shí)(一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí))。inanhour一小時(shí)之后inaweekorso大約一星期之后Hewillbebackinfivehours.(他5個(gè)小時(shí)之后回來。)Theysaidtheywouldarrivehereinaweek.(他們說一周后到達(dá)。)注意:用過去時(shí)表示“過后”ShewenttoNanjinglastMay,andshecamebackafteramonth.(去年5月她去了南京,一個(gè)月之后她又回來了。)B.within:不超過……的范圍within3hours3個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)withinaweek一周之內(nèi)Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.(我必須在5分鐘之內(nèi)畫好這只貓。)Theyworkedhard.Theyfinishedtheworkwithin2daysatlast.(他們工作很努力,終于在兩天之內(nèi)完成了這項(xiàng)工作。)比較:in和within的區(qū)別in是以現(xiàn)在為基準(zhǔn),inanhour是指從現(xiàn)在起一小時(shí)之后,所以in一般只用于將來時(shí)。within強(qiáng)調(diào)“在……時(shí)間內(nèi)”,沒有時(shí)態(tài)限制。3.表示場所、方向的介詞①表示場所的介詞:at,in,on,under,by,near,between,around,opposite等②表示方向的介詞:into,outof,along,across,through,up,down,past等1.at,inA.at:在某地點(diǎn)(表示比較狹窄的場所)attheschoolgate在學(xué)校門口at2BakerStreet在貝克街2號athome在家atthedoor在門邊atafactory在一家工廠atthebottomof在……下面/底部attheparty在聚會上atthebackof在……后邊attheendof在……末尾attheheadof在……排頭atMike’shouse在邁克家atthecrossroads在十字路口atthehotel在賓館atthebusstop在公共汽車站attheairport在機(jī)場atmydesk在我的書桌旁I’llmeethimattheBeijingrailwaystation.(我將去北京站接他。)B.in:在某地(表示比較寬敞的場所)inBeijing在北京intheworld在世界上inChina在中國inthestreet在街上intheyard在院子里inaroom在房間里inthemiddle在中部inthehouse在房子里intheair在空中inthenewspaper在報(bào)紙上inthephoto在照片里inthepicture在圖畫里inaqueue排隊(duì)intheopenair在戶外HongKongisaverycrowdedcityinthesouthofChina.(香港是中國南方一個(gè)非常擁擠的城市。)比較:英語中有些詞組有沒有定冠詞the,意義區(qū)別很大,此類詞組有:attable在進(jìn)餐atthetable在桌旁inhospital在醫(yī)院(住院)inthehospital在醫(yī)院(工作或探望……)in/atchurch在做禮拜in/atthechurch在教堂里inprison在監(jiān)獄(服刑)intheprison在監(jiān)獄(工作或探望……)Hisbrotherisinprison.Hewasarrestedtwoyearsago.(他哥哥兩年前被捕的,現(xiàn)在在監(jiān)獄服刑。)Mikeworksintheprison.(邁克在監(jiān)獄工作。)2.on,above,over,under,belowA.on:(1)在……上面(有接觸面)onthedesk在桌子上面onthemap在地圖上Therearetwomapsonthewall.(墻上有兩幅地圖。)(2)在靠近……的地方ontheright在右邊ontheriver在河邊B.above:在……上方(below的反義詞)Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds.(我們的飛機(jī)在云端上飛行。)Thesunroseabovethehorizon.(太陽已升到地平線之上。)C.over:在……正上方(under的反義詞)ThereisalightoverLiMing.(李明的頭頂有一盞燈。)Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.(有幾只鳥在海面上飛翔。)Thereisastonearchbridgeovertheriver.(河面上有一座石拱橋。)比較:over與above的區(qū)別over是指“正上方”;而above只表示“在位置上高于”,但不一定在“正上方”。補(bǔ)充:over的其他意思表示“遍及”allovertheworld全世界表示“超過(=morethan)”Wehaveover40books.(我們有40多本書。)表示“越過,在(那邊),在……時(shí)間內(nèi)”overthewall越過墻overthere在那邊overthenight整個(gè)晚上D.under:在……下面(正下方)underthetable在桌子下面underthejacket在夾克下Thedogisunderthetree.(那只狗在樹下。)E.below在……下面(不一定是正下方)Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.(水面下有各式各樣的魚。)Aboatisbelowthebridge.(一條船在橋的下面。)3.near,byA.near:在……附近;靠近near還可以修飾時(shí)間,如inthenearfuture表示“在不久的將來”。Doyoulivenearhere?(你住在這附近嗎?)Isthereabusstopnearhere?(這附近有公共汽車站嗎?)B.by:在……旁邊(距離比near要近)bythewindow在窗戶旁邊byme在我旁邊Theboyisstandingbythewindow.(這個(gè)男孩正站在窗戶旁邊。)補(bǔ)充:“在……旁邊”有時(shí)也可以用beside來表示。4.between,among,aroundA.between:在兩者之間OurteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.(我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。)What’sthedifferencebetweenAandB?(A和B之間有什么區(qū)別?)B.among:在三者或更多的人或事物之中Thereisabeautifulcastleamongthetrees.(樹林中有座漂亮的城堡。)Heisverypopularamongthestudents.(他在學(xué)生之中很受歡迎。)C.around:環(huán)繞,在……周圍,在……四周Wesataroundthetable.(我們圍坐在桌旁。)Theearthmovesaroundthesun.(地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。)5.infrontof,behind,oppositeA.infrontof:在……的前面Thereisatreeinfrontof(強(qiáng)調(diào)外部)theclassroom.(在教室前面有一顆樹。)Thereisabigdeskfortheteacherinthefrontof(強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)部)theclassroom.(在教室的前部有一張給老師用的大講桌。)比較:infrontof和before的區(qū)別兩者均表示“在……之前”,但表示場所時(shí)要用infrontof而不用before;before用于表示時(shí)間、名單或次序等。(infrontofthehouse在房子前面)B.behind:在……后面(infrontof的反義詞)Thereisacherrytreebehindmyhouse.=Thereisacherrytreeatthebackofmyhouse.(我家房子后面有一棵櫻桃樹。)(可以用atthebackof替換behind)C.opposite:在……對面Ourschoolisoppositeauniversity.(我們學(xué)校在一所大學(xué)的對面。)Hestoodoppositeme.(他站在我對面。)6.in,into,outof,upA.in:在……之內(nèi)(用于表示靜止的位置)Thestudentsareintheclassroom.(學(xué)生們在教室里。)Icouldfeeltheairoftensionintheroom.(我可以感覺到房間里的緊張氣氛。)B.into:進(jìn)入(表示有一定的運(yùn)動方向)into表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動的方向,通常用于表示動作的動詞之后,如go,come等。Thestudentsranintotheclassroom.(學(xué)生們跑進(jìn)了教室。)Hejumpedintothewater.(他跳入了水中。)C.outof:出來(也表示有一定的運(yùn)動方向)Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroomexcitedly.(學(xué)生們興奮地沖出了房間。)比較:outof與from的區(qū)別outof表示“由內(nèi)往外”的動作;from表示“從……(起點(diǎn))起”。TomwentoutoftheroomwithLiMing.(湯姆和李明走出房間。)ThetrainisfromBoston.(這輛火車是從波士頓開過來的。)D.up:向上,向高處Thechildrenclimbedupthattree.(孩子們爬上了那棵樹。)Weclimbedslowlyupthehill.(我們緩緩地爬上了山。)補(bǔ)充:outof的其他含義表示“在……范圍之外”Don’tleanoutofthewindow!(千萬不要倚著窗戶探出身去!)表示“沒有,缺少”Hehasbeenoutofworkforayear.(他已經(jīng)失業(yè)一年了。)7.along,across,past,throughA.along:沿著,沿著……的邊緣Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.(我正沿著河邊散步,突然下起雨來了。)B.across:橫過,穿過,越過;在對面Heoftenswimsacrosstheriver.(他常游泳橫渡這條河。)Shewentacrossthestreettodosomeshopping.(她去街對面購物。)C.past:經(jīng)過,越過Thehospitalisakilometerpastthepostoffice.(醫(yī)院就在過了郵局一公里處。)Everydayherunspastthecityhall.(他每天跑步經(jīng)過市政廳。)D.through:貫穿,通過TheSeineriverflowsthroughthecity.(塞納河穿過這個(gè)城市。)Thesunshonethroughtheclouds.(陽光穿過云層照射下來。)8.to,for,fromA.to:到達(dá)……地點(diǎn)(目的地)或方向Howlongdoesittaketogettotheairport?(到機(jī)場要用多長時(shí)間?)Jefferyhasneverbeentoanothercountry.(杰弗瑞還沒有去過別的國家。)IamgoingonastudytriptoHongKong.(我打算去香港做一次學(xué)習(xí)旅行。)比較:to與towards的區(qū)別to表示到達(dá)某地,一般指目的地。towards指方向、朝向,而不是目的地。Hewalkedtowardsthegateofthepark.(他朝著公園大門走去。)(大門不是目的地)B.for:向……(表示目的地)for表目的地時(shí),一般是和固定動詞搭配。leavefor動身去……startfor出發(fā)去WhattimedoesyourplaneleaveforAmericatomorrow?(明天你的航班何時(shí)啟程去美國?)C.from:從……起(表示起點(diǎn))Ittakesaboutthirtyminutestogettothezoofromthebusstoponfoot.(從車站到動物園步行大約需30分鐘。)HowfarisitfromBeijingtoHongKong?(從北京到香港有多遠(yuǎn)?)4.其他介詞1.with,in,byA.with:(1)和……在一起IamgoingonapackagetourtoBeijingwithmymother.(我打算與媽媽參加全包旅游去北京。)(2)具有,帶有Hewasahandsomeboywithlargebrighteyes.(他是一個(gè)英俊的男孩,有著一雙明亮的大眼睛。)說明:“with(+形容詞)+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語可以作定語,放在其所修飾名詞的后面,表示名詞的特征。(3)用某種工具或方法Lilycutherhandwithaknife.(莉莉用刀把手弄破了。)Iseewithmyeyes.(我用眼睛看。)Whatwillyoubuywiththegiftmoney?(你會用壓歲錢買什么?)Withtheteacher’shelpIhavemadeprogress.(在老師的幫助下,我取得了進(jìn)步。)(withone’shelp表示“在某人的幫助下”)B.in:表示用什么材料(如墨水、鉛筆等),或用什么語言,或表示衣著、聲調(diào)特點(diǎn)Shewrotealetterinblackink.(她用黑色的墨水寫信。)Don’twriteitinpencilbutinink.(別用鉛筆寫,用鋼筆寫。)CanyouspeakinEnglish?(你能用英語說嗎?)比較:with與in的區(qū)別用with,in表工具或方法,在譯成中文時(shí)區(qū)別不大,但在英語中的用法卻不大相同。用with時(shí),后面的名詞要加上冠詞或代詞。withmyears用我的耳朵withapencil用一支鉛筆用in時(shí),后面加物質(zhì)名詞,不能加冠詞。inink用墨水(鋼筆)inpencil用鉛筆C.by:通過……方法/手段Hegoestoschoolbybicycle.(他騎自行車上學(xué)。)Pleasesendthelitterbyairmail.(這封信請用航空郵寄。)重要:搭乘交通工具的表示方法用by來表示搭乘交通工具的方式、手段時(shí),名詞前不加冠詞。bybicycle騎自行車byplane/byair坐飛機(jī)bycar坐小汽車bybus坐公共汽車bytrain坐火車bytaxi坐出租車Youcangotherebyship.(你可以坐船去那兒。)用in表示時(shí),后面要用冠詞或代詞,同樣坐公共汽車可以說:inthe/abus坐公共汽車2.of,fromA.of:(屬于)……的(表示數(shù)量或種類)ThisisamapofChina.(這是一幅中國地圖。)Willyoupleasegivemeacupoftea?(請您給我一杯茶好嗎?)B.from:來自(某地、某人);以……(時(shí)間或地點(diǎn))起始I’mfromNanjing.(我來自南京。)Ihavegotanemailfrommyfriend.(我收到了一封我朋友發(fā)來的電子郵件。)WeworkfromMondaytoFriday.(我們從星期一到星期五上班。)3.without,like,asA.without:沒有(with的反義詞)Icannotfinishtheworkwithoutherhelp.(沒有她的幫助,我不能完成這項(xiàng)工作。)Ican’treadthisEnglishessaywithoutusingadictionary.(不用字典,我看不了這篇英語短文。)Pleasegivemeacupofcoffeewithoutmilk.(請給我一杯不加奶的咖啡。)B.like:像……一樣Nancyisjustlikehermother.(南希和她的媽媽一樣。)It’snotlikeyoutotakeoffence.(你不像會發(fā)脾氣的人。)比較:belike表示性格、脾氣、言行等方面的相像;looklike強(qiáng)調(diào)外表相像。Nancylookslikehermother.(南希長得很像她的媽媽。)C.as:作為StevenHawkingisfamousasascientist.(史蒂芬·霍金作為一位科學(xué)家而聞名。)Theytreatedmeasahero.(他們像對待英雄那樣對待我。)Theroomiscleanandtidyasusual.(這個(gè)房間像平時(shí)一樣干凈整潔。)切記:常用介詞短語befamousas:作為……而聞名treat...as...:把……當(dāng)作……;把……當(dāng)成……對待asusual:照常,照例4.against,aboutA.against:反對;靠著Heisagainsttheplan.(他反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。)Theteacherisstandingagainsttheblackboard.(老師正靠著黑板站著。)B.about:(1)關(guān)于;各處;身旁Tellmesomethingaboutyourlife.(告訴我你的生活情況。)Helookedabouthimself.(他向四處張望。)Ihavenomoneyabout/withme.(我身上沒帶錢。)(2)詢問某人/某物的情況或提出建議Whataboutyoureldersister?(你姐姐情況如何?)HowaboutgoingtotheDisneylandthemepark?(去迪士尼主題公園怎么樣?)5.介詞短語介詞和動詞、形容詞、名詞等一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可以作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。介詞與其他詞類的搭配如下:類型例詞動詞+介詞talkaboutlookatbe動詞+形容詞+介詞bekindtobefondof介詞+名詞athomeonfoot1.動詞+介詞A.lookfor:找,尋找Heislookingforhisbike.(他正在找他的自行車。)IlookedformyMickeywatcheverywhere,butIdidn’tfindit.(我到處找我的米奇手表,但是沒找到。)B.playwithsth.:玩(耍)Don’tplaywithfire.(別玩火。)C.thinkof:想起,想到WhenIsawhim,Ithoughtofmyfather.(當(dāng)我看見他時(shí),就想起了我的父親。)Ican’tthinkofhisnameatthemoment.(我一時(shí)想不起他的名字了。)補(bǔ)充:thinkof常用在whatdoyouthinkof...?這一句型中,意思是“你認(rèn)為……怎么樣?”D.hearfromsb.:收到某人的來信Heheardfromhismotherlastweek.=Hegotaletterfromhismotherlastweek.(他上周收到了他媽媽的來信。)說明:hearfrom后跟某人hearfrom后跟某人,如hismother,而不能跟hismother’sletter,但是可以說:Hegothismother’sletter.(他收到了她媽媽的信。)E.talkaboutsth.:談?wù)撃呈耊earetalkingaboutChineseandWesternfestivalsataninternationalwintercamp.(我們在國際冬令營談?wù)撝形鞣降墓?jié)日。)F.talkto/withsb.:和某人談?wù)揇on’ttalktoyourdeskmate,LiMing.(李明,不要和你的同桌講話。)TheteacheristalkingwithTom’sparents.(老師正在與湯姆的父母交談。)G.lookat:注視Shelookedattheblackboard,butsawnothing.(她盯著黑板看,但什么也沒看見。)Ilookedatthatfancyposterforaboutfiveminutes.(我看著那張精美的海報(bào)大概有5分鐘時(shí)間。)H.listento:傾聽Ilikelisteningtotheradio.(我喜歡聽收音機(jī)。)Ilistenedtohim,butheardnothing.(我注意聽他說話,但什么也聽不見。)比較:listen和hear的區(qū)別listen表示有意識地聽,強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動作,后面常跟介詞to;hear不一定是有意識地,強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果。I.callonsb.:拜訪某人Icalledonmyuncleyesterday.(昨天我看望了我的叔叔。)Hecalledonmeyesterdaymorning.(他昨天早上來拜訪我。)J.arriveat/in:到達(dá)WearrivedattheBeijingstationatnoon.(我們中午到達(dá)的北京站。)WhenwillMr.ZhouarriveinIndia?(周先生什么時(shí)候會到達(dá)印度?)WearrivedinShanghaithismorning.(我們今天早上到的上海。)重要:注意“到達(dá)”的表達(dá)arriveat/in中的介詞at用于比較小的地方,in用于比較大的地方。口語中常用getto代替arriveat/in。I’llgettothefactoryatthree.(我將在3點(diǎn)鐘到工廠。)K.takecareof:照顧Theoldaretakengoodcareofinthiscity.(在這個(gè)城市,老人們受到了很好的照顧。)Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatkindoldman.(他們委托她照顧那位慈祥的老人。)Who’stakingcareofthedogwhileyou’reaway?(你不在時(shí)誰來照看你的狗?)L.waitfor:等待I’llwaitforyouuntileighto’clock.(我等你到8點(diǎn)鐘。)Canyouwaitfortwominutes?(你能等兩分鐘嗎?)I’vebeenwaitingforthebusforhalfanhour.(我已經(jīng)等了半個(gè)小時(shí)的車。)必背:其他常見的由“動詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的搭配payfor為……而付出錢/代價(jià)lookafter照看,照料sufferfrom忍受……(痛苦等)learnfrom向……學(xué)習(xí)looklike看起來像thinkabout考慮lookinto調(diào)查laughat嘲笑moveto搬家,移動到……geton上車/getoff下車hearof/about聽到,聽說,獲知getinto上車(小汽車、臥車等)jumpinto跳進(jìn)knockat/on敲……lookforwardto期待,盼望falloff跌下,從……掉下來lookdownon輕視,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,仰慕runawayfrom從……跑開,離開believein相信,信仰apologizetosb.(forsth.)(因某事)向某人道歉talkto/withsb.aboutsth.和某人談?wù)撃呈耫ealwith/dowith處理askfor向……要求dieof(cancer)死于(癌癥)worryabout為……而擔(dān)心setthrough完成,結(jié)束;接通電話diefrom(awound)死于(重傷)writetosb.給某人寫信borrowsth.fromsb.從某人處借到某物lendsth.tosb.把……借給某人belongto屬于thanksb.forsth.因?yàn)槟呈露兄x某人agreewithsb.同意某人的意見2.be動詞+形容詞+介詞A.bekindto:對……親切Hisstepmotherwaskindtohim.(他的繼母對他很好。)Wouldyoubealittlekindtothispoorpuppy?(你能不能對這個(gè)可憐的小狗好一點(diǎn)?)B.begoodat:在……做得好;擅長于……AreyougoodatspeakingEnglish?(你英語說得好嗎?)Agoodexecutivemustbegoodatdecision-making.(優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須善于決策。)C.belatefor:遲到Heisalwayslateforschool.(他上學(xué)總是遲到。)Iwillbelateformydateagain.(我這次約會又要遲到了。)D.beafraidof:害怕Theboyisn’tafraidofdogs.(這個(gè)男孩不怕狗。)Don’tbeafraidofmydog,anditwouldn’thurtafly.(不要害怕我的狗,它很溫馴。)E.besorryforsth.:為……感到抱歉I’msorryforbeinglateagain.(抱歉,我又遲到了。)Hewassorryforherandtriedtocheerherup.(他為她感到難過,并試圖使她振作起來。)注意:“be動詞+形容詞+介詞”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換begoodat=cando...wellHeisgoodatswimming.(他游泳游得很好。)=Hecanswimwell.befullof=befilledwithTheboxisfulloflemons.(箱子里裝滿了檸檬。)=Theboxisfilledwithlemons.切記:其他重要的介詞短語beabsentfrom缺席beproudof以……為自豪bedifferentfrom和……不同befamousfor因……而著名befondof愛好,喜歡bepleasedwith樂于……befullof充滿,裝滿3.介詞+名詞“介詞+名詞”的搭配,大多作為狀語使用。A.at+名詞athome在家atschool在學(xué)校atlast最后,終于atpresent目前atfirst起初atonce立刻atleast至少,起碼atnight在夜晚atwork在工作B.on+名詞onfoot步行ontime按時(shí),準(zhǔn)時(shí)onatrip旅行onTV在電視上onshow展覽onfire著火onbusiness出差onthetrain坐火車onpurpose故意onone’sway在……的路上ontheradio/thephone/theInternet用收音機(jī)/電話/互聯(lián)網(wǎng)C.for+名詞forawhile一會兒foroneself為了自己forexample例如forhours/days/years有好幾小時(shí)/天/年D.in+名詞inEnglish用英語inthosedays在那時(shí)inmyopinion據(jù)我看來intheend終于intime及時(shí)inclass課上E.by+名詞bytheway順便說bymistake錯(cuò)誤地bycreditcard用信用卡byoneself獨(dú)自地bytheendof截至by6o’clock截至6點(diǎn)byair/plane坐飛機(jī)bysea/ship坐船bybus/train坐公交車/火車F.其他介詞+名詞afterschool放學(xué)后ofcourse當(dāng)然withpleasure高興CommonMistakes(注意!失分陷阱?。┫葳謇}①A:DoyouknowaboutFlorenceNightingale?B:Yes,shewaswell-known__________anurseinEngland__________herkindnesstothesickandwoundedsoldiers.【黃岡中考】A.as;forB.for;asC.to;forD.as;to句意提示:A:你了解弗洛倫絲·南丁格爾嗎?B:是的,她作為英國的一名護(hù)士因她對病人及受傷的戰(zhàn)士的關(guān)愛而出名。陷阱追擊:如辨別不清介詞的意義及在固定搭配中的用法,則容易在此類題目中誤選。正確解析:as表示“作為……”;for在此處引出原因。正確答案為A。陷阱例題②NowmanychildrenlikesurfingontheInternet,but__________thesametimetheyshouldknowthatthereissomethingunhealthyonit.【太原中考】A.inB.byC.atD.on句意提示:現(xiàn)在很多孩子喜歡上網(wǎng),但同時(shí)他們也應(yīng)該知道網(wǎng)絡(luò)上有一些不健康的東西。陷阱追擊:本題設(shè)置的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可用于表示時(shí)間。如辨別不清這四者的意義及用法,則容易誤選。正確解析:“atthesametime”是固定搭配,意為“與此同時(shí)”。正確答案為C。陷阱例題③A:Canyouseethehole__________thewall?B:Yes,Icanseeitclearly.【河南中考】A.onB.inC.amongD.between句意提示:A:你能看見墻上的那個(gè)洞嗎?B:是的,我能清楚地看見。陷阱追擊:同一個(gè)名詞與不同的介詞搭配,意義有很大區(qū)別。on強(qiáng)調(diào)“在……表面上”,in強(qiáng)調(diào)“在……內(nèi);在……中”。容易誤選A。正確解析:inthewall意為“在墻里面”,onthewall意為“在墻面上”,正確答案為B。陷阱例題④Chinalies__________theeastofAsiaand__________thenorthofAustralia.【天津中考】A.to;toB.in;toC.to;inD.in;on句意提示:中國位于亞洲的東部,澳大利亞的北部。陷阱追擊:表示方位時(shí),主語被包含在某一范圍之中用in;表示兩地互相接壤用on;主語在某一范圍之外用to。這三者極易被誤用。正確解析:中國是亞洲的一部分用in,中國和澳大利亞不接壤用to。正確答案為B。FinalCheck(實(shí)力測驗(yàn))1.用括號中適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Hearrived__________(at,in,for)Shanghai__________(in,at,on,for)themorningofJanuary5.2.Weplayedtennis__________(until,by,on)fouro’clock.3.Thereisaclock__________(on,over,above)thewall.4.Wehavenoschool__________(on,at,in,with)Sundays.5.Shegoestothestation__________(on,by,in,with)bus.6.Myanswerisdifferent__________(from,at,of,for)yours.7.I’minterested__________(at,with,on,in)ChinaandChinesewayoflife.8.Nancyarelooking__________(after,for,along,like)theknife.9.Tomisveryfond__________(in,at,with,of)thesea.10.I’llbehere__________(at,in,on,for)fiveo’clock.11.Thebusarrivedexactly__________(on,at,above)time.12.Abridgewasbuilt__________(on,at,over,above)theriver.13.__________(In,At,To,With)hersurprise,shefoundherself__________(in,at,on,with)adifferentworld.14.Wecannotlive__________(with,by,in,without,for)water.15.Theteachergavemesomeadvice__________(about,on,with,for)howtostudyEnglish.2.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Abigailisill.RichardwillteachusChineseinstead__________her.2.Allofuswereinvited__________theparty.3.Whomdoesthewatchbelong__________?4.Areyoulookingforward__________thesummerholiday?5.Let’saskthepoliceman__________directions.6.Ispendmuchmoney__________stamps.7.Don’tforgettothankLily__________herhelp.8.Canyoutranslatetheletter__________English?9.Iprefersummer__________winter.10.MostpeopleregardPicasso__________agreatartist.11.Therobberrobbedthewoman__________hersavingstheotherday.12.Therestaurantwasfull.Wesharedatable__________ayoungcouple.13.I’llborrowthemoney__________myparents.14.Willyoupleaselendyourdictionary__________me?15.Icongratulatedhim__________passingtheexam.16.Thelittleboyranaway__________thefire.17.Iamafraidshecan’tcatchup__________theothersinourclass__________theendofthisterm.18.Itrainedheavily,butthestudentsdecidedtogoon__________thefootballmatch.19.WehadlearnedaboutmorethantenEnglishsongs__________theendofthisterm.20.Maryhassentamessage__________herfriend.3.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Shewillbeback__________aweek.(再過一周)Shewillbeback__________aweek.(在一周之內(nèi))2.Ishallstayhere__________five.(到五點(diǎn)為止)Ishallbeback__________five.(最遲在五點(diǎn)之前)3.WestayedinLondon__________twoweeks.(兩周之久)WestayedinLondon__________thesummervacation.(在暑假期間)KEYS:1.1.in,on2.until3.on4.on5.by6.from7.in8.for9.of10.at11.on12.over13.To,o9.to10.as11.of12.with13.from14.to15.on16.from17.with,at18.with19.by20.to3.1.in;within2.until/till;by3.for;during

【課后作業(yè)】1.TheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterroristattacksSeptember11,2001.A)in B)by C)at D)on2.WhenKatecamebackhome,hermotherwasbusy____thehousework.A.withB.forC.byD.about3.--DoyouknowtheMoYan?--Ofcourse.Hewonthe2012NobelPrizeforLiteraturetheageof57.A)inB)atC)onD)to4.TheGreatGreenWallcanstopthewindandsand____________movingtotherichlandinthesouthofChina.A)fromB)withC)atD)on5.Theconcertwillbegin______sevenintheevening.Pleasebethereontime.A.of B.in C.on D.at6.Ittakesmeanhouronaveragetogetfromhome______myworkplaceeveryday.A.with B.at C.by D.to7.Johnsonwasthefirstonthelistofthefamousstarsbecausehewastherichest___them.A)with B)in C)to D)among8._____May19,2013,ChinesePremierLiKeqiangvisitedIndia,whichwashisfirstofficialvisitsincehetookoffice.A)Since B)At C)OnD)In9.Don,tbeangry_____ her.Shedidtry,butfailed.A)fromB)to C)with D)at10.I’mlookingafterTomtoday.He’sbeeninmyhouse_______9:00thismorning.A)atB)forC)sinceD)tillItwasreportedthatapowerfultyphoonhitthePhilippines_______________November,2013.A.in B.at C.on D.of12. NewYear'sEve,wecanwatchfireworksandenjoyperformances.A)On B)In C)At D)With13.It’sessentialforcitizenstoknowthatthehaze(霧霾)candoharm________people’shealth.A)with B)for C)on D)to14.Hisinterest_________lawledhimeventuallytobecomealawyer.A)inB)onC)toD)with15.Weenjoyedthewonderfulfireworkdisplay_______thenightofNationalDay.A)inB)onC)forD)at16.Thelittlegirlwasquiteangry_______hisboyfriendforhisbeinglate.A)forB)onC)withD)at17.Janewasworriedbecausetherewassomethingwrong________theengineofhercar. A.of B.with C.at D.by1—5DABAD6—10DDCCC11-15AADAB16-17CB1.Myfather______hissixties,buthelooksmuchyounger.AinBonCatDfor2.Theyarelookingforsomeonewhoisfamiliar______computers.AtoBwithCatDfor3.WhoisgoingtotakecareofTomwhenhisparentsareaway______business?A)ofB)toC)withD)on4.Weshouldgive______blindahandwhentheycrossthebusycrossingroad.(靜安)A)/B)aC)anD)the5.Nowadaysmanyparentsmaketheirchildrenstudyvarioussubjects______weekends.A.with B.at C.by D.to6.Over20countriesjoinedtosearch_______FlightMH370inthesouthernIndianOcean. A.of B.for C.in D.from7.March2026,theUSfirstladyMichelleObamawasonatriptoChinawithherdaughtersandmother. A)Between…and B)From...to C)By…to D)On…to8._____NewYear’sEvewewatchedtheSpringFestivalGaladirectedbyFengXiaogang.A)InB)OnC)AtD)/9.OurschoolcelebratesTreePlantingDay_____March,12theveryyear.A)atB)forC)onD)in10.Wewereallfavorofthisplanafterwediscussedforabouttwohours.A)atB)inC)toD)onAsweallknow,Parisisfamous_____itsfashionableproducts.forB.asC.withD.about12.Thinkitoverandletmeknowwhetheryouagree__________me.A)with B)of C)to D)at13.It’sknownthatFranceisfamous_______itswineandbeautifulscenery.A)onB)inC)atD)for14. Whathappened thepassengersontheFlightMH730onMarch8?A)for B)on C)wife D)to15.Ane-mailaddressconsists_______lettersanddotsandthesymbol‘@’.A)inB)ofC)forD)with16.The20thWorldCupwillbeheldinBrazil____June,2014.A.inB.onC.forD.at17.IthinktheGovernmentofMalaysiashouldberesponsible___theeventofflightMH370.A.forB.onC.withD.at1—5ABDDB6—10BBBCB11—15AADDBA16-17AA1.Paying________creditcardiseasierandsaferthantakingalotofmoneynowadays. A)forB)by C)with D)on2..AgroupofteacherswenttoGuangzhouforanimportantactivityDec.20th.A)in B)on C)to D)at3. PeterandBrianaregoodfriends.Theyoftenshareideasforstudyeachother. A)on B)with C)in D)at4.Weweresadtoknowthatabout30kidshadbeenkilledinSandyHook,Newtown,theUSA__________December14,2012.A)inB)at C)on D)by5.Gothroughtheinformationyouhavereceivedandwriteanewsreportbased____theinterview.A)on B)by C)in D)for6.AnAmericancompanyhasdevelopedatechniquethatcanmakebreadstayfresh____60days.A)at B)on C)in D)for7.Lilyisgoingtoberesponsible__________preparingmusicforthedancingparty.A.at B.by C.from D.for8.It’ssonoisyherethatthestudentscannotconcentrate________thefinalexamination.A)of B)at C)on D)for9.MoYanwasawardedthe2012NobelPrizeinLiteratureattheStockholmConcertHallinSwedenMonday.A)in B)on C)at D)for10.ThoughMary’ssonis________averageheight,heisastarinabasketballteam.A)for B)withC)

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