Unit4BodyLanguage課文知識點(diǎn)導(dǎo)學(xué)案高中英語人教版選擇性

Unit4BodylanguagePartOneTextOneListeningtohowbodiestalkWeusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatpeoplearethinkingbywatchingtheirbodylanguage.Wordsareimportant,butthewaypeoplestand,holdtheirarms,andmovetheirhandscanalsogiveusinformationabouttheirfeelings.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.Forexample,makingeyecontact—lookingintosomeone’seyes—insomecountriesisawaytodisplayinterest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.Forexample,inmanyMiddleEasterncountries,menandwomenarenotsociallypermittedtomakeeyecontact.InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.Thegesturefor“OK”hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapan,someonewhowitnessanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,apersonencouraginganidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”differaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.Byparison,inBulgariaandsouthernAlbania,thegestureshavetheoppositemeaning.Therearealsodifferencesinhowwetoucheachother,howclosewestandtosomeonewearetalkingto,andhowweactwhenwemeetorpart.IncountrieslikeFranceandRussia,peoplemaykisstheirfriendsonthecheekwhentheymeet.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.Somegesturesseemtohavethesamemeaningeverywhere.Placingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesmeans“sleep”.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.Somebodylanguagehasmanydifferentuses.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologize,togreetsomeone,toaskforhelp,ortostartaconversation.Expertssuggestsmilingatyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappierandstronger.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.PartOneTextTwoHowdoIknowmystudents?Asaneducator,peopleoftenaskmehowIknowwhatisgoingoninthemindsofmystudents.Manystudentsarequiteshyanddon’tspeakallthatmuch.Atthesametime,inaclassroomofmorethanfortystudents,itishardtohavemanyoneononconversationswitheachperson.So,howcanIreallyknowwhatmakeseachstudenttick?Myanswer?Ilookattheirbodylanguage.Itiseasytorecognizewhenstudentsareinterestedinalesson.Mosttendtolookupandmakeeyecontact.WhenImakeajoke,theysmile.WhenItalkaboutsomethingdifficult,theylookconfused.Iknowwhenstudentsarereallyinterested,however,becausetheyleanforwardandlookatme.Peoplehaveatendencytoleantowardswhatevertheyareinterestedin.=1\*GB3①Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.Iftwofriendsareleaningtheirheadstogether,theyareprobablywritingnotestoeachother.=2\*GB3②Ofcourse,noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass.Somestudentslookup,butthereisanabsenceofeyecontact.Theireyesbarelymove,andtheyalwayshavethesamedistantexpressionontheirfaces.Itisasthoughtheyareasleepwiththeireyesopen.Somestudentsareamusedbysomethingelse.Theyspendalltheirtimelookinganywherebutatme.Thenagain,somestudents’favoriteactivityisdaydreaming.Withtheirchinsontheirhands,theyoccupythemselvesbystaringoutofthewindoworupattheceiling.Theyarecertainlyinterestedinsomething,butwhoknowswhat.Thenmainthingisremindingdistractedstudentsthattheyneedtopayattentioninclass.Whileitiseasytoperceivewhenstudentsareinterested,bored,ordistracted,itissometimesmuchhardertodistinguishwhenstudentsaretroubled.Studentswhoareangry,afraid,orexperiencinganxietymayhavetheirarmscrossedinfrontoftheirchestsandtheirlegsclosedorcrossed,liketheyareguardingtheirbodies.Studentswhoaresadorworriedwillnearlyalwayswearafrown.Theymayalsohidetheirfacesintheirhandsliketheyareembarrassedorashamed.Somestudentsactthiswaymerelybecausetheyareafraidofbeingcalledonbytheteacher.However,ifastudentdoesnotbothertobrushherhairandhereyesareredfromweeping,thenIcaninferthattherearedeeperissuesatwork.Itcouldbethatsheishavingseriousconflictswithotherstudentsorathome.Whateveritis,IknowIneedtoinquireandasseswhatisgoingon.Ultimately,mydutyishelpingeverystudenttolearn.Theirbodylanguageletsmeknowwhentoadjustclassactivities,whentointervene,andwhentotalktostudentsindividually,sotheycanallgetthemostoutofschool.Reachingtobodylanguageisanimportantponentofbeingateacher.=1\*GB3①Soifastudenthashisheadloweredtolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend. “havesth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)1）使某事被做（可能是主語自己做，也可能是讓別人做，have可用get替換）[例]Hemanagedtohavetheworkfinishedyesterday.（主語自己做）IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographtaken.（他人做）2）遭遇/經(jīng)歷某種不幸的事（此事違背主語意愿）[例]Helookedupsetbecausehehadhisproposalturneddownagain.拓展：1）havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事（=getsb.todosth.）2）can’t/won’thavesb.doingsth.不能允許/容忍某人做某事=2\*GB3②Ofcourse,noteveryonewholooksupispayingattentioninclass. 部分否定·表示總括性的詞，如all，both，every，everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere，always等，與否定副詞not連用時(shí)，不論not在前面還是在后面都表示部分否定，意為“并非都…，并不總是”[例]Notallthepeoplewereinfavoroftheeducationreform.=Allthepeopleweren’tinfavoroftheeducationreform.拓展：全部否定1）否定詞not+any/anybody/anything/anywhere等[例]Hehasn’tpaidanyofthemoney.2）表示全部否定意義的詞（no,none,nobody,nothing,noone,neither等）+表示肯定意義的謂語[例]Noneofuscouldpersuadehimintogivingupsmoking.3）表示整體概念的詞（all,every,both等）+謂語動詞+表示全部否定意義的詞（nothing,nobody,none等）[例]Allhisplanscametonothingbecauseofasmallmistake.PartTwoKeyWord1.interactionn.交流；相互影響2.varyvi.（根據(jù)情況）變化；改變_______________根據(jù)…的不同而變化_______________從…到…不等_______________在…方面不同_______________隨…而變化[拓展]同根詞_______________n.（同一事物的）不同種類；多樣化_______________多種多樣的_______________adj.各種各樣的；多姿多彩的_______________adj.各種各樣的；變化的，多變的3.appropriateadj.合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)腳______________適合…_______________做某事（對某人來說）很合適4.bycontrast相比之下_______________與…形成對比5.approve1）vi.贊成；同意_______________贊成_______________同意/贊成（某人）做某事2）vt.批準(zhǔn)；通過[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.贊成的，同意的_______________n.同意，贊成；批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可_______________贊同地_______________批準(zhǔn)_______________得到某人的贊同_______________vi.不贊成，反對6.demonstratevt.表現(xiàn)；表達(dá)；說明；證明7.gesturen.手勢；姿勢；姿態(tài)8.witness1）vt.當(dāng)場看到；目擊；見證2）n.目擊者；證人________________看見（某事發(fā)生）；為…提供證據(jù)________________為…作證；證明9.employ1）vt.使用；應(yīng)用；雇用_______________使用方法/技巧_______________雇用某人為…_______________雇傭某人做某事2）vt.花時(shí)間做，忙于做（某事）_______________忙于（做）某事[拓展]同根詞_______________n.雇主，老板_______________n.雇員，受雇者_(dá)______________n.就業(yè)；雇傭_______________有工作，在職10.identicaladj.相同的_______________與…相同11.interpretvt.把…理解（解釋）為vi.&vt.口譯12.differvi.不同于；相異_______________不同于…_______________在…方面不同_______________與某人（在某方面）意見相左[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.不同的_______________與…不同_______________n.區(qū)別；不同之處_______________區(qū)分/辨別A和B_______________對…有意義，起作用_______________無影響13.byparison（與…）相比較_______________（與…）相比，比較起來_______________作對比[拓展]pare_______________將…與…作比較_______________把A比作B_______________比得上_______________與…相比14.cheekn.面頰；臉頰15.favour1）vt.較喜歡；選擇；有利于_______________更喜歡做某事2）n.恩惠；贊同；幫助_______________幫某人的忙_______________請求某人幫忙_______________欠某人一個(gè)情_______________支持；贊同_______________對某人有利[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.贊同的；有利的16.bowvi.鞠躬；點(diǎn)頭vt.低（頭）n.弓；蝴蝶結(jié)17.waistn.腰部；腰18.makeinferences推理；推斷19.breakdown1）vt.消除，驅(qū)除（人與人之間的隔閡等）[例]Employingbodylanguagewillhelpyoubreakdownmunicationbarriers.2）vt.把…分類，劃分[例]Eachlessonisbrokendownintoseveralunits.3）vt.使分解（為）；使變化（成）[例]Chemicalsinthebodybreakdownthefoodintousefulsubstances.4）vi.（機(jī)器或車輛）壞掉，出故障[例]Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.5）vi.（身體等）垮掉；感情失控，忍不住開始哭[例]Withtheincreasingburdenofhiswork,hishealthfinallybrokedownandhehadtotakeagoodrest.6）vi.（討論或會談）失敗，（關(guān)系）破裂[例]Newreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieshavebrokendownwithnoagreementreached.[拓展]break_______________解散；破碎；結(jié)束_______________（從…）脫離/逃脫_______________破門而入；打斷談話_______________強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入（某處）；突然開始（笑、哭、唱等）_______________突然笑起來/哭起來_______________突破；沖破_______________（戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā)20.barriern.隔閡；障礙21.fakeadj.假裝的；假的；冒充的22.anger1）n.憤怒；怒氣_______________充滿怒氣_______________使某人（大為）生氣的是_______________抑制某人的怒火2）vt.使生氣；激怒_______________使某人生氣[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.生氣的_______________對某人生氣_______________對某事生氣23.reliableadj.可靠的；可信賴的[拓展]同根詞_______________v.依賴，依靠；信任，信賴_______________依靠，信賴（某人做某事）_______________相信…_______________n.可靠性24.incidentn.發(fā)生的事情；嚴(yán)重事件；沖突25.trialn.&v.審訊；審判；試驗(yàn)；試用26.slightadj.輕微的；略微的；細(xì)小的27.slightlyadv.略微；稍微28.twinn.雙胞胎之一；孿生之一adj.雙胞胎之一的；孿生之一的29.nonverbaladj.不涉及言語的；非言語的30.assessmentn.評價(jià)；評定_______________對…進(jìn)行評估31.assessvt.評估；評價(jià)；估算，核定（數(shù)量、價(jià)值）_______________評定…為…_______________估算/核定…為…（數(shù)量/價(jià)值）32.internaladj.內(nèi)部的；里面的33.straightenup1）直起身來，挺直身子[例]Pleasestraightenyourselfupandimaginethatyourheadistouchingthesky.2）整理，收拾整齊（=tidyup）[例]Youshouldstraightenupyourroombeforegoingout.[拓展]straighten_______________解決（問題）；整頓（混亂情況）；（使）改好，（使）變好34.slumpvi.垂頭彎腰地走35.posen.故作姿態(tài)；（為畫像、拍照等擺的）姿勢；vi.擺好姿勢vt.造成（威脅、問題等）36.bend1）vt.&vi.（使）彎曲；傾斜；偏向_______________彎下腰_______________屈膝_______________低頭_______________屈服于某人的意愿_______________專心于2）n.拐彎，彎道_______________突然轉(zhuǎn)向…37.revealvt.揭示；顯示；露出38.clarifyvt.使更清晰易懂；闡明；澄清[拓展]同根詞_______________n.闡明；澄清39.inotherwords換句話說；也就是說[拓展]word_______________總之，簡言之_______________食言_______________遵守諾言_______________逐字地，一字不差地_______________無法用語言表達(dá)_______________收回前言_______________和某人說話_______________與某人爭吵_______________有消息說…40.educatorn.教師；教育工作者；教育家41.tickvt.給（試卷、問題等）打鉤號42.tendencyn.趨勢；傾向_______________（某人/某物）有做某事的趨勢_______________傾向于做某事_______________…的趨勢/傾向[拓展]同根詞_______________v.傾向；趨于_______________往往會做某事_______________照顧某人/照料某物_______________有…的趨勢，傾向于43.lowervt.把…放低；降低；減少adj.下面的；下方的；較小的44.implyvt.意味著；暗示45.barelyadv.幾乎不；勉強(qiáng)才能；剛剛46.chinn.下巴47.occupy1）vt.使忙于（做某事），忙著（做某事）_______________使…忙于某事_______________忙于做…2）占據(jù)，占領(lǐng)；占用（時(shí)間、空間、面積等）=takeup[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.被占用的；忙于…的_______________忙于做某事_______________n.職業(yè)；工作；居住；占領(lǐng)；占用；業(yè)余活動48.stare1）vi.盯著看；凝視_______________盯著…看；凝視_______________直視某人2）n.凝視[拓展]stareat/glanceat/glareat易混詞區(qū)別stareat指長時(shí)間盯著某個(gè)目標(biāo)看，常帶有吃驚、茫然或不友善的意味glanceat指由于時(shí)間緊張匆匆一看或瞥一眼，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的時(shí)間短暫glareat指由于生氣瞪著眼睛看，強(qiáng)調(diào)敵對或威脅的態(tài)度49.ceilingn.天花板；上限50.distractvt.分散（注意力）；使分心51.perceivevt.察覺；看待；理解52.distinguishvi.&vt.區(qū)分；辨別_______________區(qū)別/辨別A和B_______________區(qū)分A和B；使A有別于B_______________（作為/因/在…）出眾/著名[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.卓越的；杰出的；高貴的_______________因…而著稱_______________作為…而著名53.anxietyn.1）焦慮；擔(dān)心；害怕_______________對…的憂慮/焦慮_______________焦慮地2）渴望_______________做某事的渴望_______________對某物/某事的渴望[拓展]同根詞_______________adj.憂慮的，擔(dān)心的；渴望的_______________為…擔(dān)心_______________渴望得到某物_______________渴望做某事54.chestn.胸部；胸膛55.embarrassedadj.難堪的；尷尬的_______________因…而感到窘迫_______________做某事而感到尷尬[拓展]同根詞_______________vt.使尷尬_______________adj.令人難堪的_______________n.尷尬_______________令某人尷尬的是56.ashamedadj.羞愧的；慚愧的_______________為…感到羞愧_______________羞于做某事[拓展]同根詞_______________n.羞愧；羞恥；慚愧；讓人遺憾的事_______________讓某人慚愧的是_______________…真遺憾_______________adj.可恥的，丟臉的____________