北京市昌平區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末英語試題 含解析

昌平區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級期末質(zhì)量抽測英語試卷2024.1本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。In2022,my4-year-oldson,Tyler,neededtohaveaserioussurgery(手術(shù)).MywifeandItookhimtoChildren’sHospital.Therewerealotofworriesinourheartsinthewaitingroom.Whenanursecalledustothedoctor’soffice,our___1___onlygrew.Ayoungdoctortoldusthathewouldperformthesurgeryandbeganto___2___whattheprocess(過程)wouldbeandalltherisksofasurgerylikethis.Mymindwenttothe___3___possibleresult.Ijustcouldn’thelpbutfeellike:WhatwasIgoingtodoifI___4___myson?Buthethendidsomethingthatwasvery___5___.Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.”Iwillnever___6___thatbecausethatsentacalmthroughme.Whathesaidwasveryhelpfulandmeaningful.Afterthesurgery,he___7___tous,lookedusonceagainintheeyeandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucouldseehimhereinafewminutes.”Ican’ttellyouhow___8___webothwereforhavinghimthereandforwhathesaidtous.I’llneverforgetthatdoctor.Andtothisday,anytimeIhaveachancetovolunteerordonatetoChildren’sHospital,I’llmakesureI’moneofthefirstonesinline.IhopethatIhavethe___9___ofseeinghimagainsomedaytothankhimforhis____10____words.1.A.fear B.shame C.pity D.pride2.A.imagine B.realize C.explain D.challenge3.A.fastest B.latest C.lowest D.worst4.A.trusted B.lost C.scared D.missed5.A.secret B.unexpected C.strange D.creative6.A.accept B.believe C.doubt D.forget7.A.lookedup B.walkedup C.openedup D.droveup8.A.sorry B.angry C.thankful D.regretful9.A.task B.choice C.sign D.chance10.A.kind B.sharp C.boring D.simple【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.B6.D7.B8.C9.D10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者四歲兒子需要做一次嚴(yán)重的手術(shù)，在他和妻子感到緊張和不安的時候，醫(yī)生說會把他們的兒子當(dāng)做自己的兒子，這安慰到了他們，緩解了當(dāng)時緊張的情緒，作者十分感激這位醫(yī)生。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)護(hù)士叫我們?nèi)メt(yī)生辦公室時，我們的恐懼只增不減。A.fear恐懼；B.shame羞愧；C.pity遺憾；D.pride驕傲。上文“Therewerealotofworriesinourheartsinthewaitingroom.”指出在候診室里，我們心里充滿了恐懼，所以當(dāng)護(hù)士將我們叫到辦公室時，應(yīng)該是更加恐懼。故選A。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的醫(yī)生告訴我們他將進(jìn)行手術(shù)，并開始解釋手術(shù)過程以及此類手術(shù)的所有風(fēng)險。A.imagine想象；B.realize意識到；C.explain解釋；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。由上文“Ayoungdoctortoldusthathewouldperformthesurgeryandbeganto”和下文“whattheprocess(過程)wouldbeandalltherisksofasurgerylikethis”可知，醫(yī)生將要給作者兒子作手術(shù)，所以會解釋手術(shù)過程自己存在的風(fēng)險，故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始想到了最壞的結(jié)果。A.fastest最快的；B.latest最新的；C.lowest最低的；D.worst最壞的。由下文“Ijustcouldn’thelpbutfeellike:WhatwasIgoingtodoifI____4____myson?”和上文提到作者一直很擔(dān)心害怕可知，當(dāng)醫(yī)生向作者解釋手術(shù)過程存在的風(fēng)險時，作者由于害怕，想到了最壞的結(jié)果，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是忍不住想：如果我失去了兒子我該怎么辦？A.trusted信任；B.lost失去；C.scared害怕；D.missed錯過。由下文“Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.””可知，醫(yī)生安慰作者夫婦，這說明作者夫婦很擔(dān)憂，即作者忍不住會想手術(shù)如果失敗，作者會失去自己的兒子這樣的事，故選B。【5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨后他做了一件非常出人意料的事。A.secret秘密的；B.unexpected出乎意料的；C.strange奇怪的；D.creative有創(chuàng)造力的。根據(jù)下文“Yoursonismyson.”可知，醫(yī)生說的話讓作者和妻子感到出乎意料。故選B。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記那件事，因為那讓我平靜下來。A.accept接受；B.believe相信；C.doubt懷疑；D.forget忘記。根據(jù)下文“thatbecausethatsentacalmthroughme.Whathesaidwasveryhelpfulandmeaningful.”可知，醫(yī)生說的話讓作者平靜下來，緩解了焦慮，所以作者永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記醫(yī)生說的話。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：手術(shù)結(jié)束后，他走到我們面前，再次看著我們的眼睛說：“我們的兒子很好，幾分鐘后你們就可以在這里見到他了?！盇.lookedup檢查；B.walkedup走過來；C.openedup打開；D.droveup開過來。由下文“tous,lookedusonceagainintheeyeandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucouldseehimhereinafewminutes.””可知，醫(yī)生走過來和作者夫婦說話，告訴他們手術(shù)很成功，故選B。【8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無法告訴你我們是多么感激他的到來以及他對我們所說的話。A.sorry抱歉的；B.angry生氣的；C.thankful感激的；D.regretful后悔的。由下文“I’llneverforgetthatdoctor.”和上文提到醫(yī)生安慰作者夫婦，說出“你的孩子也是我的孩子”，這讓作者夫婦平靜下來可知，作者很感激醫(yī)生，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望有一天能有機(jī)會再次見到他，感謝他的善意之言。A.task任務(wù)；B.choice選擇；C.sign跡象；D.chance機(jī)會。由下文“ofseeinghimagainsomedaytothankhim”可知，作者希望能有一天有機(jī)會再次見到這位醫(yī)生，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望有一天能有機(jī)會再次見到他，感謝他的善意之言。A.kind善良的；B.sharp尖銳的；C.boring無聊的；D.simple簡單的。由上文“Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.””可知，醫(yī)生對作者夫婦說了善意之言，故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。A語法填空TheHangzhouAsianGamesisasignificantsportingevent.Itwasheldin2023inHangzhouChina.It____11____(bring)togethertopathletesfromvariousAsian____12____(country)andregionstocompeteinawiderangeofsports,showingtheexcellenceanddiversityofAsiansports.Thedesignofthetorch(火炬)____13____(inspire)bytheLiangzhuCulture.ItpresentstotheworldtheuniquecreativityofChinesedesign.【答案】11.brought12.countries13wasinspired【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了杭州亞運(yùn)會作為一項重要的體育賽事，匯集了來自亞洲各國和地區(qū)的頂級運(yùn)動員，展現(xiàn)了亞洲體育的卓越與多樣性。此外，文章還提到了火炬的設(shè)計靈感來源于良渚文化，展現(xiàn)了中國設(shè)計的獨(dú)特創(chuàng)造力。【11題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：它匯集了來自亞洲各個國家和地區(qū)的頂尖運(yùn)動員，在廣泛的體育項目上競爭，展示了亞洲體育的卓越和多樣性。分析句子可知，bringtogether(匯集)是句中謂語，與主語It之間是主動關(guān)系，講述2023的杭州亞運(yùn)會的事情，用一般過去時態(tài)。故填brought?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它匯集了來自亞洲各個國家和地區(qū)的頂尖運(yùn)動員，在廣泛的體育項目上競爭，展示了亞洲體育的卓越和多樣性。提示詞country作賓語，是可數(shù)名詞，有形容詞various(各種的)修飾，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填countries?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：火炬的設(shè)計靈感來自良渚文化。分析句子可知，inspire(賦予靈感)是句中謂語動詞，與主語Thedesign之間是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文可知，文中講述2023年杭州亞運(yùn)會的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)，又因主語是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故填wasinspired。B語法填空PapercuttingisoneofthemostpopularChinesetraditions.Wecanseepapercuttingworks____14____walls,windows,doors,mirrorsandsoon.Itispopularbecauseitischeapandeasy____15____(make).Papercuttingworksareusuallymadeofredpaper.RedisthemostpopularcolorinChineseculture.____16____weneedissimplyapieceofpaperandaknifeorapairofscissors.____17____tobegoodatthisartisnoteasyatallbecauseitneedsmuchpracticeandimagination.【答案】14.on15.tomake16.What17.But【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了剪紙這個傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我們可以看到剪紙作品在墻上，窗戶，門，鏡子等。結(jié)合句意和空后的walls可知，本空用介詞on，意為“在……上”。故填on?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它很受歡迎，因為它便宜而且容易制作。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的系動詞為is，此處為非謂語動詞，故用make“制作”的不定式形式。beeasytodosth.“容易做到，容易做”。故填tomake。【16題詳解】考查主語從句。句意：我們所需要的只是一張紙和一把刀或一把剪刀。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)主語從句，從句中缺少need的賓語，指物，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填What?！?7題詳解】考查連詞。句意：但要擅長這門藝術(shù)并不容易，因為它需要大量的實踐和想象力。前后句意存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞But“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填But。C語法填空Everydaymostofuscanorderandbuyallsortsofitemsonline,thankstoe-commerceplatformssuchasTaobao,JDandPinduoduo.Thenumberofpeople____18____aretakingadvantageofthisquiteconvenientformofshoppingisgreat.Everythingweorder____19____(come)toourdoor,includingtastyfood____20____ispackagedasfreshasitwouldbeinthemarket.【答案】18.who##that19.comes20.which##that【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了網(wǎng)上購物的便捷。【18題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：利用這種相當(dāng)方便的購物方式的人很多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是people，指人，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who或that?！?9題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我們點的所有東西都送到我們家門口，包括包裝得和市場上一樣新鮮的美味食物。come“來”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空為主句謂語，結(jié)合語境可知，本句陳述事實，故時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語Everything為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填comes?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們點的所有東西都送到我們家門口，包括包裝得和市場上一樣新鮮的美味食物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞是food，指物，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which或that。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheendoftheschoolyearisoftenwhenwecelebratestudentgrowth.Iknowhowimportantitisforstudentstolookbackateverythingthey’veachieved.Studentsdon’talwaysrememberhowfarthey’vecomeovertheyear.Whenwepraisestudentsfortheirgrowth,wehelpthemrememberorseeitthemselves.Thiscanhelpinspirethemtocontinuelearning.That’swhyI’vewrittenthislettertomyfifth-gradestudents.DearStudents,Ican’tbelieveit,butwe’recomingtotheendofourschoolyear.Let’slookbackatallyou’vedonethisyear.Isawyoulearntosetgoals,focusonlearning,andfindwaystodealwithstress.Isawyourconfidencesoarthroughouttheyear.Isawyouexploreyourinterestsandyoutaughtmeabouttheproblemsyoucaredeeplyabout.Ifeelgoodknowingtheworldisinyourhands!Asyoulookbackatalloftheseachievements,hereareafewthingsIhopeyouremembernextschoolyear.?Lifelonglearnersaskquestions.You’velearnedhowtoaskthisyear,sokeepasking!?Staycurious.Youaresomuchmorethanwhatcaneverbeshownwithatestscoreoragrade.?Don’tbeafraidtomakemistakes.Usemistakesaschancestolearnandgrow.?Continuetogetalongwellwithyourfriendsandteachers.IcantellyouhowluckyIwastobeyourteacher.Yours,LilyIencourageyoutowriteyourownlettertoyourstudents.Personalizeitforeachstudentbyaddingastickynoteorahandwrittenmessagetopointoutspecificgrowthareas.21.Theauthorwrotethelettertostudentsbecause________.A.itisaschooltradition B.shehasmuchtotellthemC.theyrememberhowfarthey’vecome D.itcanencouragethemtokeeplearning22.Whatdoestheteacherhopestudentsremember?A.Tosetgoals. B.Tostaycurious. C.Todealwithstress. D.Tobuildupconfidence.23.Thepassageisintendedfor________.A.Teachers B.Parents C.Teenagers D.Schoolleaders【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了作為老師，作者給學(xué)生寫信的原因，以及介紹了書信內(nèi)容，同時作者鼓勵老師要給學(xué)生寫信。21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thiscanhelpinspirethemtocontinuelearning.That’swhyI’vewrittenthislettertomyfifth-gradestudents.(這可以幫助激勵他們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。這就是我給五年級學(xué)生寫這封信的原因)”可知，作者給學(xué)生寫這封信是因為它可以鼓勵他們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格內(nèi)倒數(shù)第四段“?Staycurious.(保持好奇心。)”可知，老師希望學(xué)生記住的是要保持好奇心，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Iencourageyoutowriteyourownlettertoyourstudents.(我鼓勵你給你的學(xué)生寫一封信)”可推知，這篇文章是寫給老師的，故選A。BAsalittleboy,thefirsttimeIsteppedintotheTaekwondodojang(跆拳道道場),IknewthatIhaddiscoveredmyinterest.Thephysicaltraining,mentalfocus,andspiritualdevelopmentofTaekwondodrewmein,andIstartedajourneythatwouldchangemylife.MyjourneybeganasaWhiteBeltfilledwithexcitement.Iwasintroducedtothebasicskills,forms,andprinciplesofTaekwondo.Witheachbeltpromotion(晉級),Ifacednewchallenges.Thetrainingpushedmetotestmylimitsanddevelopmentalstrength.Self-controlbecamethemostimportantpartofmytraining.Earlymorningsandlatenightswerespentimprovingskills,perfectingforms,andpushingmyselftotheedgeoftiredness.Taekwondotaughtmevaluablelessons,notjustonthetrainingfloorbutalsoinotherareasofmylife.ThepathtotheBlackBeltwasnotwithoutchallenges.Iexperiencedmomentsoffrustration(挫折)andwantedtogiveup.However,itwasduringthesechallengingtimesthatIdiscoveredthepowerofdetermination(決心).Withthesupportofmyteachersandfriends,Ifoundthestrengthtopushthroughthehardtimes.Eachchallengebecameanopportunityforgrowth.DealingwiththesechallengesstrengthenedmydesiretobecomeaBlackBeltandinspiredmetokeeppushingforward.Beyondthephysicalandmentalaspects,thearthastaughtmetotreatotherswithkindness.Ithasallowedmetofacelife’schallengeswithacalmandfocusedmind.Taekwondohasalsotaughtmetheimportanceofleadership,asInowhavetheopportunitytoguideandinspirejuniorstudentsontheirownjourneys.Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.24.WhatdrewtheauthorinTaekwondo?A.Thesupportofteachers. B.TheinterestinTaekwondo.C.Thehopetochangehislife. D.Thedecisiontostartajourney.25.Whatisthemostimportantduringtheauthor’straining?A.Self-control. B.Leadership. C.Acalmmind. D.Determination.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heneverthoughtofgivingup. B.Hisfriendspushedhimforward.C.Heisreadyfornewchallengesinlife. D.Histrainingwasrelaxingandmeaningful.27.Theauthorwrotethispassageto________.A.describethetrainingprocess B.expressthankfulnesstoteachersC.inspireotherswithpersonalgrowth D.showtheimportanceoffriendship【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者的跆拳道之路?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Asalittleboy,thefirsttimeIsteppedintotheTaekwondodojang,IknewthatIhaddiscoveredmyinterest.Thephysicaltraining,mentalfocus,andspiritualdevelopmentofTaekwondodrewmein,andIstartedajourneythatwouldchangemylife.(當(dāng)我還是個小男孩的時候，第一次踏入跆拳道道場，我就知道我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的興趣所在。跆拳道的體能訓(xùn)練、精神集中和精神發(fā)展吸引了我，我開始了一段改變我一生的旅程。)”可知，作者對跆拳道的興趣導(dǎo)致作者學(xué)習(xí)跆拳道。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Self-controlbecamethemostimportantpartofmytraining.(自我控制成為我訓(xùn)練中最重要的部分。)”可知，自我控制是作者訓(xùn)練中最重要的部分。故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.(最后，經(jīng)過多年的訓(xùn)練和個人成長，我以黑帶的身份站在你們面前。我的身心都得到了成長，并在此過程中獲得了寶貴的生活技能。在我的旅程中，我期待著迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)并激勵他人。)”可知，作者已準(zhǔn)備好迎接生活中的新挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.(最后，經(jīng)過多年的訓(xùn)練和個人成長，我以黑帶的身份站在你們面前。我的身心都得到了成長，并在此過程中獲得了寶貴的生活技能。在我的旅程中，我期待著迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)并激勵他人。)”可知，作者寫這段話是為了用個人成長激勵他人。故選C。CGettingolderofteninvolvesaseriesofchallenges,suchascognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline,late-lifedepressionandsocialisolation.Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomeimportanttofindwaystopromotesuccessfulagingtopreventandlimitcognitiveandemotionaldisorders.Musicisapromisingtoolforimprovingcognitionandpromotingwell-being.Cognitivereserve(儲備)isthemind’spowertostopage-relatedbraindamage.Researchhasshownthatstimulating(令人興奮的)lifeexperiencesarelinkedwithhigherpowertopreventage-relatedbraindiseases.Musicisknowntobecognitivelystimulatinganditcouldcontributetobuildingsuchreservethroughoutthelifecourse.Musicmakesuniquedemandsonournervoussystem,likecognitivecontrol.Forexample,lifelongmusicalexpertknowledgeandskillsseemtoreducecognitivedecline.However,itisnotnecessarytobeaprofessionalmusiciantobenefitfrommusicaltraining.Researchshowsthatevenshort-termmusicaltrainingstrengthenscognitionintheelderly.Thebrainisbuilttochangeoverourlifetime,whichcanbeshapedbyexperience.Importantly,thishappensovertimeandinresponsetoaspecificnewskill.Researchstudieshaveidentifiedstructuralandfunctionaldifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmusiciansandnon-musicians,especiallyinregionsrelatedtomotorcontrolandauditoryprocessing.Evidenceshowsthatevenshort-termmusicalinterventions(干預(yù))canpromotebrainplasticityandincreasegreymattervolume.Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanresultinimprovedcognitiveabilities.Musiccanopenforgottendoorstoourmemories—suchasweddings,schooldances,andparties—withlittlecognitiveeffort.Musichelpstorecallallthememoriesthatyouhaveconnectedwithasong.The“reminiscencebump”isusedtodescribeenhancedmemoryforeventsthatoccurduringadolescence(青春期)andearlyadulthoodthatareoftensharp.Asongbecomesasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasduringasummerhangingoutwithaspecificgroupoffriends.Musichasagreatpowertobringstrongemotionsandintensepleasureintoyourmind,thuschangingmood.Musiccanbeusedasanaidforescapingfromeverydaylifethroughimaginationofyourownmemories.Moreover,musicalactivitiesofteninvolvesocialfunctionspromotingsocialcontact,cooperation,andasenseofbelongingwithothers.Insum,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitivedisorders.Musicisalsoconsideredasasocialactivity,accessibletoanyoneregardlessofbackground.So,thisinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutmusic?A.Theeffectofmusiconmusicians. B.Thebenefitofmusicforcognition.C.Thepowerofmusicoverloneliness. D.Thedemandofmusiconnervoussystem.29.Theauthoruses“reminiscencebump”inParagraph4to________.A.introduceatopic B.provideanopinionC.comparewithmusic D.explainanargument30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Short-termmusicaltrainingdoesn’twork.B.Thebraincan’tbeinfluencedbyexperience.C.Musiccanbeusedtolimitemotionaldisorders.D.Musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging.【答案】28.B29.D30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了音樂如何成為一種有效的工具，用于預(yù)防和減緩與衰老相關(guān)的認(rèn)知和情感障礙。文章指出，音樂具有刺激認(rèn)知、促進(jìn)情感健康、增強(qiáng)社交聯(lián)系的作用。同時，它強(qiáng)調(diào)了音樂對大腦塑造和促進(jìn)腦可塑性的重要性，無論是長期的音樂訓(xùn)練還是短期的干預(yù)都可以帶來益處?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Cognitivereserve(儲備)isthemind’spowertostopage-relatedbraindamage.Researchhasshownthatstimulating(令人興奮的)lifeexperiencesarelinkedwithhigherpowertopreventage-relatedbraindiseases.Musicisknowntobecognitivelystimulatinganditcouldcontributetobuildingsuchreservethroughoutthelifecourse.Musicmakesuniquedemandsonournervoussystem,likecognitivecontrol.Forexample,lifelongmusicalexpertknowledgeandskillsseemtoreducecognitivedecline.However,itisnotnecessarytobeaprofessionalmusiciantobenefitfrommusicaltraining.Researchshowsthatevenshort-termmusicaltrainingstrengthenscognitionintheelderly.(認(rèn)知儲備是大腦阻止與年齡相關(guān)的腦損傷的能力。研究表明，刺激的生活經(jīng)歷與預(yù)防與年齡有關(guān)的腦部疾病的能力有關(guān)。眾所周知，音樂具有認(rèn)知刺激作用，有助于在整個生命過程中建立這種儲備。音樂對我們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)提出了獨(dú)特的要求，比如認(rèn)知控制。例如，終身的音樂專業(yè)知識和技能似乎可以減少認(rèn)知能力的下降。然而，從音樂訓(xùn)練中獲益并不一定要成為一名專業(yè)音樂家。研究表明，即使是短期的音樂訓(xùn)練也能增強(qiáng)老年人的認(rèn)知能力)”可知，第二段主要介紹了音樂具有認(rèn)知刺激作用，終身的音樂專業(yè)知識和技能似乎可以減少認(rèn)知能力的下降，即使是短期的音樂訓(xùn)練也能增強(qiáng)老年人的認(rèn)知能力。所以本段主要告訴我們音樂對認(rèn)知的好處。故選B項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段中上文“Musiccanopenforgottendoorstoourmemories—suchasweddings,schooldances,andparties—withlittlecognitiveeffort.Musichelpstorecallallthememoriesthatyouhaveconnectedwithasong.(幾乎不需要認(rèn)知上的努力，音樂就可以打開我們遺忘的記憶之門，比如婚禮、學(xué)校舞會和派對。音樂可以幫助你回憶起與一首歌有關(guān)的所有記憶)”提出“音樂可以很容易地幫助我們回憶起過往記憶”。而下文“The“reminiscencebump”isusedtodescribeenhancedmemoryforeventsthatoccurduringadolescence(青春期)andearlyadulthoodthatareoftensharp.Asongbecomesasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasduringasummerhangingoutwithaspecificgroupoffriends.(“回憶凸起”被用來描述對發(fā)生在青春期和成年早期的事件的記憶增強(qiáng)，這些事件通常是劇烈的。一首歌會成為某個特定時刻的配樂，比如在夏天和一群特定的朋友出去玩的時候)”提出“回憶凸起”這一概念來對其作出解釋，說明音樂會成為某個特定時刻的配樂，有助于喚醒“回憶凸起”。所以作者在第四段中使用了“回憶凸起”來解釋其觀點。故選D項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Gettingolderofteninvolvesaseriesofchallenges,suchascognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline,late-lifedepressionandsocialisolation.Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomeimportanttofindwaystopromotesuccessfulagingtopreventandlimitcognitiveandemotionaldisorders.(變老通常會帶來一系列挑戰(zhàn)，比如認(rèn)知能力下降、晚年抑郁和社會孤立。在一個快速老齡化的社會中，找到促進(jìn)成功老齡化以預(yù)防和限制認(rèn)知和情感障礙的方法變得非常重要)”和最后一段中“Insum,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitivedisorders.(總之，音樂是對抗與衰老相關(guān)的情緒和認(rèn)知障礙的有力工具)”可推知，音樂可以用來對抗與衰老相關(guān)的情緒和限制情感障礙。故選C項。DWheneveranyoneasksmewhattechI’dliketoseeinvented,Ialwayssaytheuniversaltranslator,whichletsyouunderstandandspeakanylanguage.MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablereal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotcommonlywritten.Metasaysthattoday’sAItranslationmodelsarefocusedonwidely-usedwrittenlanguages,andthatmorethan40%ofprimarilyspokenlanguagesarenotcoveredbysuchtranslationtechnologies.AccordingtoMeta,themodelisthefirstAI-poweredspeechtranslationsystemfortheunwrittenlanguageHokkien(閩南語),aChineselanguagespokeninsoutheasternChina.ThesystemallowsHokkienspeakerstoholdconversationswithEnglishspeakers,asignificantsteptowardbringingpeopletogetherwherevertheyarelocated.TobuildUST,MetaAIfocusedonovercomingthreeimportanttranslationsystemchallenges.Itaddresseddatascarcitybygettingmoretrainingdatainmorelanguagesandfindingnewwaystousethedataithadfound.Itsolvedthemodelingproblemsthatariseasmodelsgrowtoservemanymorelanguages.Anditsoughtnewwaystoimproveonitsresults.MetaAIclaimsthatthetechniquesitpioneeredwithHokkiencanbeextendedtomanyotherunwrittenlanguages—andeventuallyworkinrealtime.Forthispurpose,MetahasreleasedtheSpeechMatrix,alargecollectionofspeech-to-speechtranslations,whichenablesotherresearchteamstocreatetranslationmodelsforotherlanguages.Artificial(人工的)speechtranslationcouldplayasignificantroleinourworld.Forinteractions,itwillenablepeoplefromaroundtheworldtocommunicatewitheachothermoresmoothly,makingthesocialnetmoreinterconnected.Forcontent,usingartificialspeechtranslationallowsyoutoeasilylocalizecontent.YasharBehzadi,CEOandfounderofSynthesisAI,believesthattechnologyneedstoenablemorenaturalexperiencesifthedigitalworldistosucceed.HesaysthatoneofthecurrentchallengesforUSTmodelsisthecomputationallyexpensivetrainingthat’sneededbecauseofthewiderangeandveryslightdifferencesinmeaningorsoundoflanguages.Also,totrainstrongAImodelsrequiresvastamountsoftypicaldata.AsignificantbottlenecktobuildingtheseAImodelsinthenearfuturewillbetoensuretrainingdatacollecttheprivacyinagreementwithrulesandlaw.31.WhatisthefeatureoftheUSTproject?A.Itchangesspokenlanguagestowrittenforms.B.Itattractswiderattentiontowrittenlanguagesintranslation.C.Itadds40%ofspokenlanguagesintotranslationtechnology.D.Itenablesreal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages.32.Whatdoestheword“scarcity”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Lack. B.Mistake. C.Recovery. D.Management.33.WhatdoweknowaboutUST?A.Itisexpensivetocollecttypicaldata.B.Itincreasestheuseofacertainlanguage.C.ItstechniquesarefinallydevelopedforHokkien.D.Ithelpsinspireinteractionsandcontentlocalization.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AITranslation:MakeTranslationFasterB.AITranslation:MeetYouinAllLanguagesC.UnwrittenLanguage:BringPeopleTogetherD.UnwrittenLanguage:TranslationChallenge【答案】31.D32.A33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了MetaAI最近宣布啟動通用語音翻譯器項目，該項目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠跨所有語言進(jìn)行實時語音到語音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablereal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotcommonlywritten.(MetaAI最近宣布啟動通用語音翻譯器(UST)項目，該項目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠在所有語言內(nèi)進(jìn)行實時語音到語音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)，甚至是那些口語但不常用的書面語言。)”可知，UST項目支持所有語言的實時語音到語音翻譯，故選D?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“bygettingmoretrainingdatainmorelanguagesandfindingnewwaystousethedataithadfound.(通過用更多的語言獲取更多的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)并找到使用所發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的新方法。)”可知，用更多的語言獲取更多的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)是為了解決數(shù)據(jù)不足的問題，由此可知，劃線單詞“scarcity”意為“缺少”，與A項“Lack(缺少)”意思一樣，故選A。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Artificial(人工的)speechtranslationcouldplayasignificantroleinourworld.Forinteractions,itwillenablepeoplefromaroundtheworldtocommunicatewitheachothermoresmoothly,makingthesocialnetmoreinterconnected.Forcontent,usingartificialspeechtranslationallowsyoutoeasilylocalizecontent.(人工語音翻譯可以在我們的世界中發(fā)揮重要作用。在交互方面，它將讓世界各地的人們能夠更加順暢地交流，讓社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)更加互聯(lián)。對于內(nèi)容，使用人工語音翻譯可以讓您輕松本地化內(nèi)容。)”可推知，UST有助于激發(fā)互動和內(nèi)容本地化，故選D?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablereal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotcommonlywritten.(MetaAI最近宣布啟動通用語音翻譯器(UST)項目，該項目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠跨所有語言進(jìn)行實時語音到語音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)，甚至是那些口語但不常見的書面語言)”和第三段中“ThesystemallowsHokkienspeakerstoholdconversationswithEnglishspeakers,asignificantsteptowardbringingpeopletogetherwherevertheyarelocated.(該系統(tǒng)允許說閩南語的人與說英語的人進(jìn)行對話，這是讓人們無論身在何處都能聚集在一起的重要一步。)”可知，文章主要介紹了MetaAI最近宣布啟動通用語音翻譯器項目，該項目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠跨所有語言進(jìn)行實時語音到語音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)，這可以將人們聚集在一起，C項“非書面語言：將人們聚集在一起”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Overthepastcentury,theaveragelifespan(平均壽命)indevelopedcountrieshasincreasedby30years,fromroughlyage50to80.____35____Buttheyhavealsocreatedanewandimportantgap:Healthspan(健康壽命),usuallyexplainedastheperiodoflifefreeofdiseaseordisability,doesnotalwaysmatchlongerlife.Whilelifespaniscertainlyanimportantmeasureofhealthandwell-being,itisnottheonlyone.____36____Thatisbecauseitemphasizestheimportanceofnotonlylivingalonglifebutalsolivingahealthyandproductivelife.ByastudybasedontheWorldHealthOrganization,anAmericanwhoexpectstoliveto79mightfirstfaceseriousdiseaseat63.____37____Indeed,agingisthebiggestriskforcancerandheartdisease.Duringthepast10years,medicinehasstartedtotakeadifferentwaybasedonthebiologyofaging.Thefocusshouldbeonalongerhealthyliferatherthanjustlengthoflife,andslowingagingisthetooltodoit.Lengtheninghealthspanstartswiththinkingaboutagingwelloverall,meaningputtingphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,anddailylifestyleallinone.____38____Itcanreducestressandtheriskofchronichealthconditions.Fornow,therearesomefamiliarstepstoextendhealthspan:common-sensenutrition,sleep,exerciseandsocialconnectionarethefourmainfactors.____39____Forexample,regularexercisehelpstopreventmanydiseases.A.Somediseaseislesslinkedwithlifestylehabits.B.Italsomeanstakingwaystofeeljoyandconnection.C.Itisimportanttorememberthatagingisanaturalprocess.D.Longerlifespansoverallhavebeenapublichealthsuccess.E.Thatcouldmeanhewillliveinsicknessforatleast15years.F.Healthspanisincreasinglybeingknownasanimportantidea.G.Thereasonthosethingsworkisthattheyimprovethebiologyofaging.【答案】35.D36.F37.E38.B39.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要健康壽命的含義，重要性以及影響因素?！?5題詳解】上文“Overthepastcentury,theaveragelifespan(平均壽命)indevelopedcountrieshasincreasedby30years,fromroughlyage50to80.(過去一個世紀(jì)，發(fā)達(dá)國家的平均壽命增加30歲，從大約50歲增加到80歲)”指出發(fā)達(dá)國家的平均壽命增加30歲，下文“Buttheyhavealsocreatedanewandimportantgap:Healthspan(健康壽命)(但他們也創(chuàng)造了一個新的重要差距：健康壽命)”和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出健康壽命這一話題，由此可知，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，D項“總體而言，更長的壽命是公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的一項成功”符合語境，對上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，同時和下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D?！?6題詳解】上文“Whilelifespaniscertainlyanimportantm