北京市昌平區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

昌平區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一年級(jí)期末質(zhì)量抽測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷2024.1本試卷共12頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。考生務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。In2022,my4-year-oldson,Tyler,neededtohaveaserioussurgery(手術(shù)).MywifeandItookhimtoChildren’sHospital.Therewerealotofworriesinourheartsinthewaitingroom.Whenanursecalledustothedoctor’soffice,our___1___onlygrew.Ayoungdoctortoldusthathewouldperformthesurgeryandbeganto___2___whattheprocess(過(guò)程)wouldbeandalltherisksofasurgerylikethis.Mymindwenttothe___3___possibleresult.Ijustcouldn’thelpbutfeellike:WhatwasIgoingtodoifI___4___myson?Buthethendidsomethingthatwasvery___5___.Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.”Iwillnever___6___thatbecausethatsentacalmthroughme.Whathesaidwasveryhelpfulandmeaningful.Afterthesurgery,he___7___tous,lookedusonceagainintheeyeandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucouldseehimhereinafewminutes.”Ican’ttellyouhow___8___webothwereforhavinghimthereandforwhathesaidtous.I’llneverforgetthatdoctor.Andtothisday,anytimeIhaveachancetovolunteerordonatetoChildren’sHospital,I’llmakesureI’moneofthefirstonesinline.IhopethatIhavethe___9___ofseeinghimagainsomedaytothankhimforhis____10____words.1.A.fear B.shame C.pity D.pride2.A.imagine B.realize C.explain D.challenge3.A.fastest B.latest C.lowest D.worst4.A.trusted B.lost C.scared D.missed5.A.secret B.unexpected C.strange D.creative6.A.accept B.believe C.doubt D.forget7.A.lookedup B.walkedup C.openedup D.droveup8.A.sorry B.angry C.thankful D.regretful9.A.task B.choice C.sign D.chance10.A.kind B.sharp C.boring D.simple【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.B6.D7.B8.C9.D10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者四歲兒子需要做一次嚴(yán)重的手術(shù)，在他和妻子感到緊張和不安的時(shí)候，醫(yī)生說(shuō)會(huì)把他們的兒子當(dāng)做自己的兒子，這安慰到了他們，緩解了當(dāng)時(shí)緊張的情緒，作者十分感激這位醫(yī)生?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)護(hù)士叫我們?nèi)メt(yī)生辦公室時(shí)，我們的恐懼只增不減。A.fear恐懼；B.shame羞愧；C.pity遺憾；D.pride驕傲。上文“Therewerealotofworriesinourheartsinthewaitingroom.”指出在候診室里，我們心里充滿了恐懼，所以當(dāng)護(hù)士將我們叫到辦公室時(shí)，應(yīng)該是更加恐懼。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕的醫(yī)生告訴我們他將進(jìn)行手術(shù)，并開(kāi)始解釋手術(shù)過(guò)程以及此類手術(shù)的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A.imagine想象；B.realize意識(shí)到；C.explain解釋；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。由上文“Ayoungdoctortoldusthathewouldperformthesurgeryandbeganto”和下文“whattheprocess(過(guò)程)wouldbeandalltherisksofasurgerylikethis”可知，醫(yī)生將要給作者兒子作手術(shù)，所以會(huì)解釋手術(shù)過(guò)程自己存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我開(kāi)始想到了最壞的結(jié)果。A.fastest最快的；B.latest最新的；C.lowest最低的；D.worst最壞的。由下文“Ijustcouldn’thelpbutfeellike:WhatwasIgoingtodoifI____4____myson?”和上文提到作者一直很擔(dān)心害怕可知，當(dāng)醫(yī)生向作者解釋手術(shù)過(guò)程存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，作者由于害怕，想到了最壞的結(jié)果，故選D。【4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是忍不住想：如果我失去了兒子我該怎么辦？A.trusted信任；B.lost失去；C.scared害怕；D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)。由下文“Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.””可知，醫(yī)生安慰作者夫婦，這說(shuō)明作者夫婦很擔(dān)憂，即作者忍不住會(huì)想手術(shù)如果失敗，作者會(huì)失去自己的兒子這樣的事，故選B。【5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨后他做了一件非常出人意料的事。A.secret秘密的；B.unexpected出乎意料的；C.strange奇怪的；D.creative有創(chuàng)造力的。根據(jù)下文“Yoursonismyson.”可知，醫(yī)生說(shuō)的話讓作者和妻子感到出乎意料。故選B。【6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那件事，因?yàn)槟亲屛移届o下來(lái)。A.accept接受；B.believe相信；C.doubt懷疑；D.forget忘記。根據(jù)下文“thatbecausethatsentacalmthroughme.Whathesaidwasveryhelpfulandmeaningful.”可知，醫(yī)生說(shuō)的話讓作者平靜下來(lái)，緩解了焦慮，所以作者永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記醫(yī)生說(shuō)的話。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：手術(shù)結(jié)束后，他走到我們面前，再次看著我們的眼睛說(shuō)：“我們的兒子很好，幾分鐘后你們就可以在這里見(jiàn)到他了?！盇.lookedup檢查；B.walkedup走過(guò)來(lái)；C.openedup打開(kāi)；D.droveup開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)。由下文“tous,lookedusonceagainintheeyeandsaid,“Oursonisjustfine,andyoucouldseehimhereinafewminutes.””可知，醫(yī)生走過(guò)來(lái)和作者夫婦說(shuō)話，告訴他們手術(shù)很成功，故選B。【8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無(wú)法告訴你我們是多么感激他的到來(lái)以及他對(duì)我們所說(shuō)的話。A.sorry抱歉的；B.angry生氣的；C.thankful感激的；D.regretful后悔的。由下文“I’llneverforgetthatdoctor.”和上文提到醫(yī)生安慰作者夫婦，說(shuō)出“你的孩子也是我的孩子”，這讓作者夫婦平靜下來(lái)可知，作者很感激醫(yī)生，故選C。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望有一天能有機(jī)會(huì)再次見(jiàn)到他，感謝他的善意之言。A.task任務(wù)；B.choice選擇；C.sign跡象；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。由下文“ofseeinghimagainsomedaytothankhim”可知，作者希望能有一天有機(jī)會(huì)再次見(jiàn)到這位醫(yī)生，故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望有一天能有機(jī)會(huì)再次見(jiàn)到他，感謝他的善意之言。A.kind善良的；B.sharp尖銳的；C.boring無(wú)聊的；D.simple簡(jiǎn)單的。由上文“Helookedusbothintheeye,putahandoneachoneofourshouldersandsaid,“Yoursonismyson.””可知，醫(yī)生對(duì)作者夫婦說(shuō)了善意之言，故選A。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。A語(yǔ)法填空TheHangzhouAsianGamesisasignificantsportingevent.Itwasheldin2023inHangzhouChina.It____11____(bring)togethertopathletesfromvariousAsian____12____(country)andregionstocompeteinawiderangeofsports,showingtheexcellenceanddiversityofAsiansports.Thedesignofthetorch(火炬)____13____(inspire)bytheLiangzhuCulture.ItpresentstotheworldtheuniquecreativityofChinesedesign.【答案】11.brought12.countries13wasinspired【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了杭州亞運(yùn)會(huì)作為一項(xiàng)重要的體育賽事，匯集了來(lái)自亞洲各國(guó)和地區(qū)的頂級(jí)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，展現(xiàn)了亞洲體育的卓越與多樣性。此外，文章還提到了火炬的設(shè)計(jì)靈感來(lái)源于良渚文化，展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)的獨(dú)特創(chuàng)造力?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：它匯集了來(lái)自亞洲各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在廣泛的體育項(xiàng)目上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，展示了亞洲體育的卓越和多樣性。分析句子可知，bringtogether(匯集)是句中謂語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)It之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，講述2023的杭州亞運(yùn)會(huì)的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填brought?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它匯集了來(lái)自亞洲各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的頂尖運(yùn)動(dòng)員，在廣泛的體育項(xiàng)目上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，展示了亞洲體育的卓越和多樣性。提示詞country作賓語(yǔ)，是可數(shù)名詞，有形容詞various(各種的)修飾，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填countries?！?3題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：火炬的設(shè)計(jì)靈感來(lái)自良渚文化。分析句子可知，inspire(賦予靈感)是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與主語(yǔ)Thedesign之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文可知，文中講述2023年杭州亞運(yùn)會(huì)的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，又因主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式。綜上，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故填wasinspired。B語(yǔ)法填空PapercuttingisoneofthemostpopularChinesetraditions.Wecanseepapercuttingworks____14____walls,windows,doors,mirrorsandsoon.Itispopularbecauseitischeapandeasy____15____(make).Papercuttingworksareusuallymadeofredpaper.RedisthemostpopularcolorinChineseculture.____16____weneedissimplyapieceofpaperandaknifeorapairofscissors.____17____tobegoodatthisartisnoteasyatallbecauseitneedsmuchpracticeandimagination.【答案】14.on15.tomake16.What17.But【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了剪紙這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)?！?4題詳解】考查介詞。句意：我們可以看到剪紙作品在墻上，窗戶，門，鏡子等。結(jié)合句意和空后的walls可知，本空用介詞on，意為“在……上”。故填on。【15題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：它很受歡迎，因?yàn)樗阋硕胰菀字谱鳌ecause引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句的系動(dòng)詞為is，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故用make“制作”的不定式形式。beeasytodosth.“容易做到，容易做”。故填tomake。【16題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們所需要的只是一張紙和一把刀或一把剪刀。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少need的賓語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填What?！?7題詳解】考查連詞。句意：但要擅長(zhǎng)這門藝術(shù)并不容易，因?yàn)樗枰罅康膶?shí)踐和想象力。前后句意存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞But“但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填But。C語(yǔ)法填空Everydaymostofuscanorderandbuyallsortsofitemsonline,thankstoe-commerceplatformssuchasTaobao,JDandPinduoduo.Thenumberofpeople____18____aretakingadvantageofthisquiteconvenientformofshoppingisgreat.Everythingweorder____19____(come)toourdoor,includingtastyfood____20____ispackagedasfreshasitwouldbeinthemarket.【答案】18.who##that19.comes20.which##that【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物的便捷。【18題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：利用這種相當(dāng)方便的購(gòu)物方式的人很多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是people，指人，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who或that?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：我們點(diǎn)的所有東西都送到我們家門口，包括包裝得和市場(chǎng)上一樣新鮮的美味食物。come“來(lái)”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空為主句謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，本句陳述事實(shí)，故時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)Everything為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填comes?！?0題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們點(diǎn)的所有東西都送到我們家門口，包括包裝得和市場(chǎng)上一樣新鮮的美味食物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是food，指物，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which或that。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheendoftheschoolyearisoftenwhenwecelebratestudentgrowth.Iknowhowimportantitisforstudentstolookbackateverythingthey’veachieved.Studentsdon’talwaysrememberhowfarthey’vecomeovertheyear.Whenwepraisestudentsfortheirgrowth,wehelpthemrememberorseeitthemselves.Thiscanhelpinspirethemtocontinuelearning.That’swhyI’vewrittenthislettertomyfifth-gradestudents.DearStudents,Ican’tbelieveit,butwe’recomingtotheendofourschoolyear.Let’slookbackatallyou’vedonethisyear.Isawyoulearntosetgoals,focusonlearning,andfindwaystodealwithstress.Isawyourconfidencesoarthroughouttheyear.Isawyouexploreyourinterestsandyoutaughtmeabouttheproblemsyoucaredeeplyabout.Ifeelgoodknowingtheworldisinyourhands!Asyoulookbackatalloftheseachievements,hereareafewthingsIhopeyouremembernextschoolyear.?Lifelonglearnersaskquestions.You’velearnedhowtoaskthisyear,sokeepasking!?Staycurious.Youaresomuchmorethanwhatcaneverbeshownwithatestscoreoragrade.?Don’tbeafraidtomakemistakes.Usemistakesaschancestolearnandgrow.?Continuetogetalongwellwithyourfriendsandteachers.IcantellyouhowluckyIwastobeyourteacher.Yours,LilyIencourageyoutowriteyourownlettertoyourstudents.Personalizeitforeachstudentbyaddingastickynoteorahandwrittenmessagetopointoutspecificgrowthareas.21.Theauthorwrotethelettertostudentsbecause________.A.itisaschooltradition B.shehasmuchtotellthemC.theyrememberhowfarthey’vecome D.itcanencouragethemtokeeplearning22.Whatdoestheteacherhopestudentsremember?A.Tosetgoals. B.Tostaycurious. C.Todealwithstress. D.Tobuildupconfidence.23.Thepassageisintendedfor________.A.Teachers B.Parents C.Teenagers D.Schoolleaders【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了作為老師，作者給學(xué)生寫信的原因，以及介紹了書信內(nèi)容，同時(shí)作者鼓勵(lì)老師要給學(xué)生寫信。21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thiscanhelpinspirethemtocontinuelearning.That’swhyI’vewrittenthislettertomyfifth-gradestudents.(這可以幫助激勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。這就是我給五年級(jí)學(xué)生寫這封信的原因)”可知，作者給學(xué)生寫這封信是因?yàn)樗梢怨膭?lì)他們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格內(nèi)倒數(shù)第四段“?Staycurious.(保持好奇心。)”可知，老師希望學(xué)生記住的是要保持好奇心，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Iencourageyoutowriteyourownlettertoyourstudents.(我鼓勵(lì)你給你的學(xué)生寫一封信)”可推知，這篇文章是寫給老師的，故選A。BAsalittleboy,thefirsttimeIsteppedintotheTaekwondodojang(跆拳道道場(chǎng)),IknewthatIhaddiscoveredmyinterest.Thephysicaltraining,mentalfocus,andspiritualdevelopmentofTaekwondodrewmein,andIstartedajourneythatwouldchangemylife.MyjourneybeganasaWhiteBeltfilledwithexcitement.Iwasintroducedtothebasicskills,forms,andprinciplesofTaekwondo.Witheachbeltpromotion(晉級(jí)),Ifacednewchallenges.Thetrainingpushedmetotestmylimitsanddevelopmentalstrength.Self-controlbecamethemostimportantpartofmytraining.Earlymorningsandlatenightswerespentimprovingskills,perfectingforms,andpushingmyselftotheedgeoftiredness.Taekwondotaughtmevaluablelessons,notjustonthetrainingfloorbutalsoinotherareasofmylife.ThepathtotheBlackBeltwasnotwithoutchallenges.Iexperiencedmomentsoffrustration(挫折)andwantedtogiveup.However,itwasduringthesechallengingtimesthatIdiscoveredthepowerofdetermination(決心).Withthesupportofmyteachersandfriends,Ifoundthestrengthtopushthroughthehardtimes.Eachchallengebecameanopportunityforgrowth.DealingwiththesechallengesstrengthenedmydesiretobecomeaBlackBeltandinspiredmetokeeppushingforward.Beyondthephysicalandmentalaspects,thearthastaughtmetotreatotherswithkindness.Ithasallowedmetofacelife’schallengeswithacalmandfocusedmind.Taekwondohasalsotaughtmetheimportanceofleadership,asInowhavetheopportunitytoguideandinspirejuniorstudentsontheirownjourneys.Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.24.WhatdrewtheauthorinTaekwondo?A.Thesupportofteachers. B.TheinterestinTaekwondo.C.Thehopetochangehislife. D.Thedecisiontostartajourney.25.Whatisthemostimportantduringtheauthor’straining?A.Self-control. B.Leadership. C.Acalmmind. D.Determination.26.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heneverthoughtofgivingup. B.Hisfriendspushedhimforward.C.Heisreadyfornewchallengesinlife. D.Histrainingwasrelaxingandmeaningful.27.Theauthorwrotethispassageto________.A.describethetrainingprocess B.expressthankfulnesstoteachersC.inspireotherswithpersonalgrowth D.showtheimportanceoffriendship【答案】24.B25.A26.C27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作者的跆拳道之路?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Asalittleboy,thefirsttimeIsteppedintotheTaekwondodojang,IknewthatIhaddiscoveredmyinterest.Thephysicaltraining,mentalfocus,andspiritualdevelopmentofTaekwondodrewmein,andIstartedajourneythatwouldchangemylife.(當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小男孩的時(shí)候，第一次踏入跆拳道道場(chǎng)，我就知道我發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的興趣所在。跆拳道的體能訓(xùn)練、精神集中和精神發(fā)展吸引了我，我開(kāi)始了一段改變我一生的旅程。)”可知，作者對(duì)跆拳道的興趣導(dǎo)致作者學(xué)習(xí)跆拳道。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Self-controlbecamethemostimportantpartofmytraining.(自我控制成為我訓(xùn)練中最重要的部分。)”可知，自我控制是作者訓(xùn)練中最重要的部分。故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.(最后，經(jīng)過(guò)多年的訓(xùn)練和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，我以黑帶的身份站在你們面前。我的身心都得到了成長(zhǎng)，并在此過(guò)程中獲得了寶貴的生活技能。在我的旅程中，我期待著迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)并激勵(lì)他人。)”可知，作者已準(zhǔn)備好迎接生活中的新挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Finally,afteryearsoftrainingandpersonalgrowth,IstandbeforeyouasaBlackBelt.Ihavegrownbothphysicallyandmentally,gainingvaluablelifeskillsalongtheway.AsIcontinuemyjourney,Ilookforwardtomeetingnewchallengesandinspiringothers.(最后，經(jīng)過(guò)多年的訓(xùn)練和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，我以黑帶的身份站在你們面前。我的身心都得到了成長(zhǎng)，并在此過(guò)程中獲得了寶貴的生活技能。在我的旅程中，我期待著迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)并激勵(lì)他人。)”可知，作者寫這段話是為了用個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)激勵(lì)他人。故選C。CGettingolderofteninvolvesaseriesofchallenges,suchascognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline,late-lifedepressionandsocialisolation.Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomeimportanttofindwaystopromotesuccessfulagingtopreventandlimitcognitiveandemotionaldisorders.Musicisapromisingtoolforimprovingcognitionandpromotingwell-being.Cognitivereserve(儲(chǔ)備)isthemind’spowertostopage-relatedbraindamage.Researchhasshownthatstimulating(令人興奮的)lifeexperiencesarelinkedwithhigherpowertopreventage-relatedbraindiseases.Musicisknowntobecognitivelystimulatinganditcouldcontributetobuildingsuchreservethroughoutthelifecourse.Musicmakesuniquedemandsonournervoussystem,likecognitivecontrol.Forexample,lifelongmusicalexpertknowledgeandskillsseemtoreducecognitivedecline.However,itisnotnecessarytobeaprofessionalmusiciantobenefitfrommusicaltraining.Researchshowsthatevenshort-termmusicaltrainingstrengthenscognitionintheelderly.Thebrainisbuilttochangeoverourlifetime,whichcanbeshapedbyexperience.Importantly,thishappensovertimeandinresponsetoaspecificnewskill.Researchstudieshaveidentifiedstructuralandfunctionaldifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmusiciansandnon-musicians,especiallyinregionsrelatedtomotorcontrolandauditoryprocessing.Evidenceshowsthatevenshort-termmusicalinterventions(干預(yù))canpromotebrainplasticityandincreasegreymattervolume.Evenpassivemusiclisteningcanresultinimprovedcognitiveabilities.Musiccanopenforgottendoorstoourmemories—suchasweddings,schooldances,andparties—withlittlecognitiveeffort.Musichelpstorecallallthememoriesthatyouhaveconnectedwithasong.The“reminiscencebump”isusedtodescribeenhancedmemoryforeventsthatoccurduringadolescence(青春期)andearlyadulthoodthatareoftensharp.Asongbecomesasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasduringasummerhangingoutwithaspecificgroupoffriends.Musichasagreatpowertobringstrongemotionsandintensepleasureintoyourmind,thuschangingmood.Musiccanbeusedasanaidforescapingfromeverydaylifethroughimaginationofyourownmemories.Moreover,musicalactivitiesofteninvolvesocialfunctionspromotingsocialcontact,cooperation,andasenseofbelongingwithothers.Insum,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitivedisorders.Musicisalsoconsideredasasocialactivity,accessibletoanyoneregardlessofbackground.So,thisinterventionshouldbecomeamajorpolicypriorityforhealthyaging.28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutmusic?A.Theeffectofmusiconmusicians. B.Thebenefitofmusicforcognition.C.Thepowerofmusicoverloneliness. D.Thedemandofmusiconnervoussystem.29.Theauthoruses“reminiscencebump”inParagraph4to________.A.introduceatopic B.provideanopinionC.comparewithmusic D.explainanargument30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Short-termmusicaltrainingdoesn’twork.B.Thebraincan’tbeinfluencedbyexperience.C.Musiccanbeusedtolimitemotionaldisorders.D.Musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging.【答案】28.B29.D30.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了音樂(lè)如何成為一種有效的工具，用于預(yù)防和減緩與衰老相關(guān)的認(rèn)知和情感障礙。文章指出，音樂(lè)具有刺激認(rèn)知、促進(jìn)情感健康、增強(qiáng)社交聯(lián)系的作用。同時(shí)，它強(qiáng)調(diào)了音樂(lè)對(duì)大腦塑造和促進(jìn)腦可塑性的重要性，無(wú)論是長(zhǎng)期的音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練還是短期的干預(yù)都可以帶來(lái)益處。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Cognitivereserve(儲(chǔ)備)isthemind’spowertostopage-relatedbraindamage.Researchhasshownthatstimulating(令人興奮的)lifeexperiencesarelinkedwithhigherpowertopreventage-relatedbraindiseases.Musicisknowntobecognitivelystimulatinganditcouldcontributetobuildingsuchreservethroughoutthelifecourse.Musicmakesuniquedemandsonournervoussystem,likecognitivecontrol.Forexample,lifelongmusicalexpertknowledgeandskillsseemtoreducecognitivedecline.However,itisnotnecessarytobeaprofessionalmusiciantobenefitfrommusicaltraining.Researchshowsthatevenshort-termmusicaltrainingstrengthenscognitionintheelderly.(認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備是大腦阻止與年齡相關(guān)的腦損傷的能力。研究表明，刺激的生活經(jīng)歷與預(yù)防與年齡有關(guān)的腦部疾病的能力有關(guān)。眾所周知，音樂(lè)具有認(rèn)知刺激作用，有助于在整個(gè)生命過(guò)程中建立這種儲(chǔ)備。音樂(lè)對(duì)我們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)提出了獨(dú)特的要求，比如認(rèn)知控制。例如，終身的音樂(lè)專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能似乎可以減少認(rèn)知能力的下降。然而，從音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練中獲益并不一定要成為一名專業(yè)音樂(lè)家。研究表明，即使是短期的音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練也能增強(qiáng)老年人的認(rèn)知能力)”可知，第二段主要介紹了音樂(lè)具有認(rèn)知刺激作用，終身的音樂(lè)專業(yè)知識(shí)和技能似乎可以減少認(rèn)知能力的下降，即使是短期的音樂(lè)訓(xùn)練也能增強(qiáng)老年人的認(rèn)知能力。所以本段主要告訴我們音樂(lè)對(duì)認(rèn)知的好處。故選B項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段中上文“Musiccanopenforgottendoorstoourmemories—suchasweddings,schooldances,andparties—withlittlecognitiveeffort.Musichelpstorecallallthememoriesthatyouhaveconnectedwithasong.(幾乎不需要認(rèn)知上的努力，音樂(lè)就可以打開(kāi)我們遺忘的記憶之門，比如婚禮、學(xué)校舞會(huì)和派對(duì)。音樂(lè)可以幫助你回憶起與一首歌有關(guān)的所有記憶)”提出“音樂(lè)可以很容易地幫助我們回憶起過(guò)往記憶”。而下文“The“reminiscencebump”isusedtodescribeenhancedmemoryforeventsthatoccurduringadolescence(青春期)andearlyadulthoodthatareoftensharp.Asongbecomesasoundtrackforaparticulartime,suchasduringasummerhangingoutwithaspecificgroupoffriends.(“回憶凸起”被用來(lái)描述對(duì)發(fā)生在青春期和成年早期的事件的記憶增強(qiáng)，這些事件通常是劇烈的。一首歌會(huì)成為某個(gè)特定時(shí)刻的配樂(lè)，比如在夏天和一群特定的朋友出去玩的時(shí)候)”提出“回憶凸起”這一概念來(lái)對(duì)其作出解釋，說(shuō)明音樂(lè)會(huì)成為某個(gè)特定時(shí)刻的配樂(lè)，有助于喚醒“回憶凸起”。所以作者在第四段中使用了“回憶凸起”來(lái)解釋其觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Gettingolderofteninvolvesaseriesofchallenges,suchascognitive(認(rèn)知的)decline,late-lifedepressionandsocialisolation.Inasocietythatisagingfast,ithasbecomeimportanttofindwaystopromotesuccessfulagingtopreventandlimitcognitiveandemotionaldisorders.(變老通常會(huì)帶來(lái)一系列挑戰(zhàn)，比如認(rèn)知能力下降、晚年抑郁和社會(huì)孤立。在一個(gè)快速老齡化的社會(huì)中，找到促進(jìn)成功老齡化以預(yù)防和限制認(rèn)知和情感障礙的方法變得非常重要)”和最后一段中“Insum,musicisapowerfultooltofightagainstaging-relatedemotionalandcognitivedisorders.(總之，音樂(lè)是對(duì)抗與衰老相關(guān)的情緒和認(rèn)知障礙的有力工具)”可推知，音樂(lè)可以用來(lái)對(duì)抗與衰老相關(guān)的情緒和限制情感障礙。故選C項(xiàng)。DWheneveranyoneasksmewhattechI’dliketoseeinvented,Ialwayssaytheuniversaltranslator,whichletsyouunderstandandspeakanylanguage.MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablereal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotcommonlywritten.Metasaysthattoday’sAItranslationmodelsarefocusedonwidely-usedwrittenlanguages,andthatmorethan40%ofprimarilyspokenlanguagesarenotcoveredbysuchtranslationtechnologies.AccordingtoMeta,themodelisthefirstAI-poweredspeechtranslationsystemfortheunwrittenlanguageHokkien(閩南語(yǔ)),aChineselanguagespokeninsoutheasternChina.ThesystemallowsHokkienspeakerstoholdconversationswithEnglishspeakers,asignificantsteptowardbringingpeopletogetherwherevertheyarelocated.TobuildUST,MetaAIfocusedonovercomingthreeimportanttranslationsystemchallenges.Itaddresseddatascarcitybygettingmoretrainingdatainmorelanguagesandfindingnewwaystousethedataithadfound.Itsolvedthemodelingproblemsthatariseasmodelsgrowtoservemanymorelanguages.Anditsoughtnewwaystoimproveonitsresults.MetaAIclaimsthatthetechniquesitpioneeredwithHokkiencanbeextendedtomanyotherunwrittenlanguages—andeventuallyworkinrealtime.Forthispurpose,MetahasreleasedtheSpeechMatrix,alargecollectionofspeech-to-speechtranslations,whichenablesotherresearchteamstocreatetranslationmodelsforotherlanguages.Artificial(人工的)speechtranslationcouldplayasignificantroleinourworld.Forinteractions,itwillenablepeoplefromaroundtheworldtocommunicatewitheachothermoresmoothly,makingthesocialnetmoreinterconnected.Forcontent,usingartificialspeechtranslationallowsyoutoeasilylocalizecontent.YasharBehzadi,CEOandfounderofSynthesisAI,believesthattechnologyneedstoenablemorenaturalexperiencesifthedigitalworldistosucceed.HesaysthatoneofthecurrentchallengesforUSTmodelsisthecomputationallyexpensivetrainingthat’sneededbecauseofthewiderangeandveryslightdifferencesinmeaningorsoundoflanguages.Also,totrainstrongAImodelsrequiresvastamountsoftypicaldata.AsignificantbottlenecktobuildingtheseAImodelsinthenearfuturewillbetoensuretrainingdatacollecttheprivacyinagreementwithrulesandlaw.31.WhatisthefeatureoftheUSTproject?A.Itchangesspokenlanguagestowrittenforms.B.Itattractswiderattentiontowrittenlanguagesintranslation.C.Itadds40%ofspokenlanguagesintotranslationtechnology.D.Itenablesreal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages.32.Whatdoestheword“scarcity”underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Lack. B.Mistake. C.Recovery. D.Management.33.WhatdoweknowaboutUST?A.Itisexpensivetocollecttypicaldata.B.Itincreasestheuseofacertainlanguage.C.ItstechniquesarefinallydevelopedforHokkien.D.Ithelpsinspireinteractionsandcontentlocalization.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AITranslation:MakeTranslationFasterB.AITranslation:MeetYouinAllLanguagesC.UnwrittenLanguage:BringPeopleTogetherD.UnwrittenLanguage:TranslationChallenge【答案】31.D32.A33.D34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了MetaAI最近宣布啟動(dòng)通用語(yǔ)音翻譯器項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠跨所有語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)語(yǔ)音到語(yǔ)音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablereal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotcommonlywritten.(MetaAI最近宣布啟動(dòng)通用語(yǔ)音翻譯器(UST)項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠在所有語(yǔ)言內(nèi)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)語(yǔ)音到語(yǔ)音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)，甚至是那些口語(yǔ)但不常用的書面語(yǔ)言。)”可知，UST項(xiàng)目支持所有語(yǔ)言的實(shí)時(shí)語(yǔ)音到語(yǔ)音翻譯，故選D?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“bygettingmoretrainingdatainmorelanguagesandfindingnewwaystousethedataithadfound.(通過(guò)用更多的語(yǔ)言獲取更多的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)并找到使用所發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的新方法。)”可知，用更多的語(yǔ)言獲取更多的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)是為了解決數(shù)據(jù)不足的問(wèn)題，由此可知，劃線單詞“scarcity”意為“缺少”，與A項(xiàng)“Lack(缺少)”意思一樣，故選A。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“Artificial(人工的)speechtranslationcouldplayasignificantroleinourworld.Forinteractions,itwillenablepeoplefromaroundtheworldtocommunicatewitheachothermoresmoothly,makingthesocialnetmoreinterconnected.Forcontent,usingartificialspeechtranslationallowsyoutoeasilylocalizecontent.(人工語(yǔ)音翻譯可以在我們的世界中發(fā)揮重要作用。在交互方面，它將讓世界各地的人們能夠更加順暢地交流，讓社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)更加互聯(lián)。對(duì)于內(nèi)容，使用人工語(yǔ)音翻譯可以讓您輕松本地化內(nèi)容。)”可推知，UST有助于激發(fā)互動(dòng)和內(nèi)容本地化，故選D?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段中“MetaAIrecentlyannouncedthestartoftheuniversalspeechtranslator(UST)project,whichaimstocreateAIsystemsthatenablereal-timespeech-to-speechtranslationacrossalllanguages,eventhosethatarespokenbutnotcommonlywritten.(MetaAI最近宣布啟動(dòng)通用語(yǔ)音翻譯器(UST)項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠跨所有語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)語(yǔ)音到語(yǔ)音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)，甚至是那些口語(yǔ)但不常見(jiàn)的書面語(yǔ)言)”和第三段中“ThesystemallowsHokkienspeakerstoholdconversationswithEnglishspeakers,asignificantsteptowardbringingpeopletogetherwherevertheyarelocated.(該系統(tǒng)允許說(shuō)閩南語(yǔ)的人與說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人進(jìn)行對(duì)話，這是讓人們無(wú)論身在何處都能聚集在一起的重要一步。)”可知，文章主要介紹了MetaAI最近宣布啟動(dòng)通用語(yǔ)音翻譯器項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目旨在創(chuàng)建能夠跨所有語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)語(yǔ)音到語(yǔ)音翻譯的人工智能系統(tǒng)，這可以將人們聚集在一起，C項(xiàng)“非書面語(yǔ)言：將人們聚集在一起”適合作文章標(biāo)題，故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Overthepastcentury,theaveragelifespan(平均壽命)indevelopedcountrieshasincreasedby30years,fromroughlyage50to80.____35____Buttheyhavealsocreatedanewandimportantgap:Healthspan(健康壽命),usuallyexplainedastheperiodoflifefreeofdiseaseordisability,doesnotalwaysmatchlongerlife.Whilelifespaniscertainlyanimportantmeasureofhealthandwell-being,itisnottheonlyone.____36____Thatisbecauseitemphasizestheimportanceofnotonlylivingalonglifebutalsolivingahealthyandproductivelife.ByastudybasedontheWorldHealthOrganization,anAmericanwhoexpectstoliveto79mightfirstfaceseriousdiseaseat63.____37____Indeed,agingisthebiggestriskforcancerandheartdisease.Duringthepast10years,medicinehasstartedtotakeadifferentwaybasedonthebiologyofaging.Thefocusshouldbeonalongerhealthyliferatherthanjustlengthoflife,andslowingagingisthetooltodoit.Lengtheninghealthspanstartswiththinkingaboutagingwelloverall,meaningputtingphysicalhealth,mentalhealth,anddailylifestyleallinone.____38____Itcanreducestressandtheriskofchronichealthconditions.Fornow,therearesomefamiliarstepstoextendhealthspan:common-sensenutrition,sleep,exerciseandsocialconnectionarethefourmainfactors.____39____Forexample,regularexercisehelpstopreventmanydiseases.A.Somediseaseislesslinkedwithlifestylehabits.B.Italsomeanstakingwaystofeeljoyandconnection.C.Itisimportanttorememberthatagingisanaturalprocess.D.Longerlifespansoverallhavebeenapublichealthsuccess.E.Thatcouldmeanhewillliveinsicknessforatleast15years.F.Healthspanisincreasinglybeingknownasanimportantidea.G.Thereasonthosethingsworkisthattheyimprovethebiologyofaging.【答案】35.D36.F37.E38.B39.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要健康壽命的含義，重要性以及影響因素?！?5題詳解】上文“Overthepastcentury,theaveragelifespan(平均壽命)indevelopedcountrieshasincreasedby30years,fromroughlyage50to80.(過(guò)去一個(gè)世紀(jì)，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的平均壽命增加30歲，從大約50歲增加到80歲)”指出發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的平均壽命增加30歲，下文“Buttheyhavealsocreatedanewandimportantgap:Healthspan(健康壽命)(但他們也創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的重要差距：健康壽命)”和上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出健康壽命這一話題，由此可知，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，D項(xiàng)“總體而言，更長(zhǎng)的壽命是公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)成功”符合語(yǔ)境，對(duì)上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，同時(shí)和下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D?！?6題詳解】上文“Whilelifespaniscertainlyanimportantm