高中英語(yǔ)選修第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法及練習(xí)

第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.abstract1)adj.深?yuàn)W的，抽象的e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseisnot.2)v.提煉，抽?。桓爬?，寫摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview.他在為一篇書評(píng)撰寫故事摘要。3〕n.anabstractofalecture一個(gè)演講的摘要2.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhomewouldratherdosth情愿做…e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday.wouldrathersbdosth情愿sb做…e.g.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthe.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefergoingwithyoutostayinghere.n.信任,信仰breakone'sfaithwithsb.對(duì)某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信havefaithin相信,信任losefaithin不再相信ingoodfaith老實(shí)地；誠(chéng)懇地e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對(duì)他的諾言。Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信心的人,失去所有。faithfuladj.忠誠(chéng)的，可靠的befaithfulto…對(duì)…忠誠(chéng)4.consequentlyadv.所以，因此e.g.MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的,隨之發(fā)生的consequencen.結(jié)果asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=becauseofe.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).5.aimA．1)n.目標(biāo)(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife你生活的目的是什么withoutaim無目的的/無目標(biāo)的achieveone’saim到達(dá)目標(biāo)missone’saim打不中目標(biāo)(U)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimate.g.Thehuntertookaimatthelion.2〕v.(以槍等)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarget瞄準(zhǔn)靶子e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.無目標(biāo)的，無目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.B.打算,方案,以…為目標(biāo),立志做…aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn),力求做到,力爭(zhēng)到達(dá)e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.6.evidentadj.明白的,明顯的e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…e.g.It'sevidentthatyouaretired.n.evidence證據(jù);證明inevidence=evident明顯的7.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的,逼真的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義realist現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者realadj.真的realizev.實(shí)現(xiàn)8.adoptvt.1).采取;采納;吸收e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.2).過繼,收養(yǎng)[(+as)]e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.3).正式通過,承受e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的，被采用的anadoptedchild9.possess用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用于進(jìn)展時(shí)。1〕“有，擁有〞e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartist’searlyworks.2〕“具有…的特質(zhì)〞bepossessedofsth意為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征〞3〕“支配，控制〞e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.possession【c】財(cái)產(chǎn)，所有物〔常用復(fù)數(shù)〕personalpossessions個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.【u】占有，擁有Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占領(lǐng)，奪取inpossessionof(表主動(dòng)〕占inthepossessionof=inone’spossession〔表被動(dòng)〕…被占有〃e.g.Heisin~ofthehouse.他擁有這套房子。Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。10.convincevt.“使確信；使信服〞convincesb.todosth..說服某人做…convincesbofsthconvincesb+that從句使某人確信某事e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我確信他的真誠(chéng)。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat…某人確信。。。11.attemptv.嘗試，企圖,努力去執(zhí)行或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doinge.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.n.1)企圖或努力2)襲擊；攻擊anattemptonsomeone'slife對(duì)某人生命的攻擊makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth嘗試做…atone’sattempt在…嘗試下one’sfirstattempt初次嘗試e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她試著做這頓飯。ntheotherhand另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。常及ononehand連用。Ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面另…一方面e.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon’thavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idon’thaveenoughmoney.athand在手邊，在附近byhand用手的，手工的gohandinhandwith及…共同行動(dòng)13.figure1)外形;體形;人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)體態(tài);風(fēng)姿e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.3)人物;名人e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)數(shù)字e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures14.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的;有闖勁的;侵略性的;好斗的e.g.Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。anaggressivesalesman一干勁很大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊性武器2)aggressivelyadv.氣勢(shì)洶洶地3)aggressionn.侵略〔行動(dòng)〕aggressorn.侵略者15.intheflesh活生生，本人，親自fleshn.肌肉;肉e.g.HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh你見過周杰倫本人嗎？fleshandblood肉體，血肉之軀e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.loseflesh減肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的16.preference1)更加的喜愛,偏愛[U][C][(+for)]e.g.Awindowseatismypreference.我喜歡靠窗的座位。2)偏愛的事物(或人)[C]e.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee3)偏袒[U][(+for)]e.g.Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));優(yōu)惠權(quán)[U][C]inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于haveapreferencefor偏愛e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.I’dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.17.appealvi.1)呼吁,懇求appealtosbforsth.e.g.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)訴諸,求助[(+to)]e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力,迎合愛好[(+to)]e.g.TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上訴[(+to/against)]e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.18.reputationn.名譽(yù),名聲[(+for)]e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer’sreputation.liveuptoone’sreputation不負(fù)盛名loseone’sreputation失去盛名winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù)19.morethan＋名詞意為“不僅僅〞e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.1)morethan+數(shù)詞，意為“超過〞相當(dāng)于over，其反義詞組為lessthan。e.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.2)“morethan＋形容詞/副詞〞是“很〞或“非常〞的意思。e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我對(duì)你的講話十分滿意。3)在“more...than...〞構(gòu)造中，一定“more〞后面的內(nèi)容而否認(rèn)“than〞后面的局部，常譯為“是…而不是…〞或“及其說…不如說…〞。e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽到這巨大的聲響，男孩及其說是害怕不如說是感到很驚訝。ontemporary1)adj.當(dāng)代的;同時(shí)代的;同齡的e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.becontemporarywith及…同時(shí)代e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare瓊森是否及莎士比亞同輩2)n.[C]同時(shí)代的人,同齡的人；同時(shí)期的東西；當(dāng)代人,現(xiàn)代人e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries.他被他的同時(shí)代的人瞧不起。1. Youhavetobe________.Anybodylikeyouwithoutany______experienceisnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamousuniversity..A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realisticD.real;realistic2.Sculpturesaresomething______buttheconceptstheydemonstrateare_______,whichtakeswisdomtounderstandA.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.specific;conventional3.Havefaith______yourself,befaithful_______yourworkandmakeeveryeffortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.A.of;ofB.in;inC.to;inD.in;to4.Plowingthefieldisthe______meanstogrowcropsinChina,typical_____theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.contemporary;to5.Strictmeasureshavetobe______toprotect______childrenfromfamilyabuses.A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.attached;adopted6.Studentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo,_______toimprovetheirgrades.A.aimedB.aimingC.tobeaimedD.toaim7.Nobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inotherwords,nobodyknowsforsurewhois______oftheflowervase.A.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.withpossession8.Thestoryistotallymadeup.If_______ithappenstobe______anyone’sexperience,weareheretoapologize.A.bycoincidence;similartoB.byaccident;incoincidencewithC.bychance;bycoincidencewithD.X;incoincidenceto9.Whethereuthanasia(安樂死)shouldbemadelegalhasbeen________inthelawcircleformanyyears.A.conventionalB.controversialC.potentialD.experimental10.Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown______,whichfollowseverywhereyougowhenthereislight.A.shadeB.shadowC.figureD.sculpture11.Ihaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthaven’tseenhim_______.A.inthefleshB.inpersonalC.infleshD.inprivate12.Allvisitorswereamazedattheskillsand______theartist______whencarvingthefigureonthemarbleA.technologies;showedB.techniques;displayedC.technology;madeD.technique;displayed13.Insucha______situation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayandwhatwedo.A.delicateB.fragileC.weakD.flexible14.It_______asuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthefuture.A.takesB.costsC.spendsD.makes15.Itstillremainsamysterywhysomepeopleare_______certainflowerfragrancewhileothersarenot.A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedtoD.appealingto16.Egypt______ahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrosstheworldA.likesB.appreciatesC.enjoysD.isfondof17._______oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingtheearthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehowdisastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.Aplenty18.Thegirl______tofigureoutwhattheboy’sattemptwas_____bygivingherabunchofrosesbutwithoutsuccess.A.managed;XB.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.tried;on19.Visualteachingaids_______tostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetterbut______theyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.A.attract;ontheotherhandB.appeal;ontheotherhandC.holdinterest;onotherhandD.areinterested;ononehand20.________exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecialcareof_____themfrombeingdamaged.A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.Faint;keeping21.Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeople_______famouspaintings.A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.withpreferenceto22.Thedistrictcommittee______havingabigheadachein______withtheaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.A.is;dealingB.are;dealingC.is;doingD.are;doing23.Pleasegiveusa_______explanation______whyyouhavedoneso______ingeometryinschool.A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderfulD.specific;to;good24.---Ihearthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellmehowtogettoit,sir---Itis______207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou______.A. on;can’tmissitB.at;can’tavoiditC.on;can’tescapeD.at;can’tmissit25. Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,_______theirschoolgrade.A.aimingtoimproveB.aimingatimprovingC.aimedtoimproveD.aimedtoimproving虛擬語(yǔ)氣根本含義：虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、疑心或推測(cè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示。用法：用于非真實(shí)條件句1.條件句：1〕真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生的條件句，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。2〕非真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的情況是過去或限制都不存在的，或?qū)硪膊淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣2.if條件句的主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：if條件句主句例句及現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)would/could/should/might+V原IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.(我不是你)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.(我不知道)及將來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)Ifhecame/shouldcome/weretocomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.(他來的可能性很小)should+V原wereto+V原【學(xué)以致用】〔2021湖南高考〕Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI______time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.Had用于賓語(yǔ)從句1.動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式例句及現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望動(dòng)詞的過去式(be用were)IwishthatIknewsomethingaboutprogramming.及過去事實(shí)相反的愿望過去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn’ttoldittous.將來的愿望would/could/should/might+V原Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.【學(xué)以致用】(2021北京高考)—WherearethechildrenThedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey________alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen表示主觀意愿的動(dòng)詞后，后面賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形〞,should可省略如：suggest建議require要求demand要求insist堅(jiān)持要求order/command命令e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setadeadlineforthecompletionoftheplan.Theyrequirethatparking(should)beallowedhere.他們要求允許在此處停車。Heinsistedthatshefastenhersafetybelt.他要求她系好平安帶。注：suggest表示“說明，暗示〞，insist表示“堅(jiān)持某一說法〞時(shí)，后賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.他臉上的表情說明他很滿意。Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandinsistedthathe(should)besetfreeatonce.他堅(jiān)持說自己沒有偷那輛汽車，并堅(jiān)持要求立刻釋放他?！緦W(xué)以致用】(2021陜西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatwe________eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.Wouldwouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿鹷ouldrather+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過去式Iwouldratherheleftnow.Iwouldratherhecameearliertomorrow.及過去事實(shí)相反的愿望wouldrather+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去完成式IwouldratherIhadnotliedyesterday.(事實(shí)上昨天撒謊了)【學(xué)以致用】(2021江蘇高考)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【即學(xué)即練】IfI________wherehelived,I________alettertohim.A.knew;wouldsendB.hadknown;wouldsendB