高考語法專題-.句子成分+課件高三英語上學(xué)期一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

Whatmakesasentence?WordsCatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg.Whatkindofwords?HarryPotterarefriendscryunfortunatelypinkfortwoweekscountrymusicwetoswimcarryoutoutoforderlisteningtopopularmusiclivelyWhathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery.主語謂語表語主語謂語賓語定語賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語Sentenceconstituents句子成分主語（subject）謂語（predicate）表語（predicative）賓語（object）賓語補(bǔ)足語（objectcomplement）定語（attributive）狀語（adverbial）組成句子的成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。主語subject句子說明的人或事物1.HarryPotteristheherointhisbook.哈利·波特是這本書的主人公。2.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.3.Itisclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It是形式主語，主語從句是真正主語。4.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)Someconceptionsofagentlemanarethese:agentlemanisalwaysconsiderateforthefeelingsofothers;hehastact—heknowshowtosayandtodotherightthingattherighttime.Beinghappyisbetterthanbeingking.

(WestAfricansaying)Underlinethesubjectinthesesentences.由……充當(dāng)例句名詞Theearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobe.代詞Nobodywillknowswhatwilloccurinthefuture.數(shù)詞ThefirstthatshesuppliedformewasaSpanishnovel.不定式Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork.可在句中充當(dāng)主語的conclusion由……充當(dāng)例句動詞-ingPlayingvideogamesisharmfultotheyoungpeople’shealthandaffectstheirstudy.詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Successorfailuredependsonthesupportofthemasses.名詞化的形容詞或分詞Insomecountriesthericharegettingricherandthepooraregettingpoorer.從句Whathashappenedprovedthatourpolicyisright.可在句中充當(dāng)主語的conclusion謂語predicate對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.He

hascaughtabadcold.

Wearestudents.實(shí)義動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形助動詞+動詞的適當(dāng)形式連系動詞謂語的構(gòu)成3.Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossibledoesseempossiblenow.keepsisbeingrepairedwas1.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads______(keep)risingthesedays.2.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_______________(repair)atthegarage.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_______usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.

A.is

B.areC.wasD.were4.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_________(sit)downtoeatourpicniclunch.sat由……充當(dāng)例句動詞Iappreciateyourtimelyhelpindeed.動詞短語Aftertheexpedition,CaptainCooksetuphomeinLondon.情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形Shecouldread

LatinandGreekwhenshewasten.助動詞+動詞適當(dāng)形式Hehascaughtabadcold.連系動詞+表語Shopsremainopentill9intheevening.可在句中充當(dāng)謂語的conclusion表語predicativeThemachine

mustbe

outoforder.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Theweatherhasturnedcold.說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞之后。Thestorysoundstrue.常見系動詞有be,become,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear,get,turn,grow,go,remain,keep,stay……賓語object表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后。Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Weshouldlearnfromher.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。1.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedon__________(send)wherehewasmostneeded.2.Theparentssuggested_________(sleep)inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.beingsentsleeping2.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_______(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.3.Victorapologizedfornot__________(inform)meofthechangeintheplan.tosoundgettinginforming4.Idon’twant________(sound)likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.由……充當(dāng)例句名詞Hehasformedthehabitofrisingearlyinthemorning.代詞Haveyoutoldthem

anythingabouttheaccident?數(shù)詞Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.名詞化的形容詞Wemayfindouttheunknownbycalculation.可在句中充當(dāng)賓語的conclusion由……充當(dāng)例句動詞-ing（短語）Idisliketravellingtoworkinaverycrowdedbuseveryday.不定式（短語）Herefusedtoattendthemedicalconference.從句IwonderwhetherIshouldstayornot.可在句中充當(dāng)賓語的conclusionHobobroughtthenewspapertome.Myfriendlendsmehisbike.找出下列句子的賓語有些及物動詞可以接兩個賓語，即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語，直接賓語是謂語動詞的承受者，間接賓語表示謂語動作的方向（對誰做什么）或動作的目標(biāo)（為誰做什么）。動詞與“雙賓語”givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等makesb.sth./makesth.forsb.常見的這類結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：make(制造),prepare,buy,do,fetch,leave,build,post,get,draw,find,reserve,save等1.Johnson先生去年教我們德語。

MrJohnson________________lastyear.2.奶奶昨晚給我講了一個有趣的故事。

Grandmatold____________________lastnight.3.請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？

Wouldyouplease___________________?4.他把車票給列車員看。

Heshowed________________________.taughtusGermanmeaninterestingstorypassmethedictionarythetickettotheconductor賓語補(bǔ)足語objectcomplement位于賓語后，用來補(bǔ)充賓語的意義。某些及物動詞（如make等）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Letthefreshairin.HisblamemadeMarycry.賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)常見動詞例句動詞+賓語+todoadvise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,cause,direct,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warnPleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.動詞+賓語+tobe…consider,

think,

believe,

discover,

find,

imagine,

judge,

suppose,

proveWe

consider

him

(to

be)

a

good

teacher.動詞+賓語+不帶to的不定式feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat。Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.注意當(dāng)句子的賓語是動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式或從句時，常用it作形式賓語，將真正的賓語移到賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。常見的動詞有think,find,consider,judge,feel,make,take等。Theythoughtit

right

todothistest.1.Throughthewindow,Icouldseetherain____________(comedown)insheets.2.MothermadeCharles____(整理)hisbedroombeforehewentout.comingdowntidyFillintheblanks.3.Canyousmellsomething________(burn)?Itmustbecomingfromthekitchen.4.Whenthepolicearrived,theyfoundtheactress_________(murder)inthebathroom.5.Thebossorderedthetypist_______(have)allthedocumentsready.burningmurderedtohave6.Therobbersforcedtheman___________(交出)thesuitcase.7.Alotofpracticehelpedthespokesman__________(become)amorefluentspeaker.8.Thehostesshadtheinvitations________(deliver)aweekbeforetheparty.(to)becomedeliveredtohandoverTranslation1.Iwasabsent-mindedwhenIsuddenly____________________(聽到喊我的名字).2.Hehadastrangewayof____________________________________(使他的課生動有趣).3.Thelittlegirldoesn’tknowhowto_________________(講清楚自己的意思).heardmynamecalledmakinghisclasseslivelyandinterestinggetherideasacross定語attributive位置靈活，用來修飾名詞和代詞，說明名詞和代詞的品質(zhì)和特征。Thepinkdressishers.Mary’sparentshavegonebroad.Theboythereneedsapen.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.Thereisnothingtodotoday.TheboyinblueisTom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.Chinaisadevelopingcountry前置定語后置定語一般情況下，短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。但也有例外。Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.HeisreadinganovelwhichwaswrittenbyDickens.Hewastheonlymanaliveintheaccident.

Canyoufindanywheresafe?

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.由……充當(dāng)例句形容詞Hegaveavividdescriptionofthebattle.代詞All

thesefactsareproofofourprogressinscience.名詞TheyaretosendagovernmenttradedelegationtoChina.名詞所有格Mary’sparentshavegonebroad.數(shù)詞Thetwoboysarestudents.不定式（后置）Heisamantobedependedon.可在句中充當(dāng)定語的conclusion由……充當(dāng)例句分詞（短語）ThescientistsinvitedtotheconferenceareallfromAsia.動詞-ingOurreadingroomisbrightandlarge.介詞短語TheboyinblueisTom.副詞Theyliveintheroomabove.從句Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.可在句中充當(dāng)定語的conclusion狀語adverbial可位于句首、句末、句中，用來修飾動詞、形容詞或整個句子，表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、目的、原因、方式、程度等。Unfortunately,Imissedthetrain.Factoriesandbuildingsareseenhereandthere.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.狀語類型例句時間狀語IlearnedalotfromthepeasantswhenIlivedinthecountryside．地點(diǎn)狀語Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.目的狀語Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveontime．原因狀語Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.條件狀語IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youwilldowellinEnglish．狀語類型例句方式狀語Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.伴隨狀語Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.結(jié)果狀語Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.讓步狀語Hewenttoschoolyesterdaythoughhewasill．比較狀語LessonTwoisnotsodifficultasLessonOne．Theyweresittingquitehappilyonthefloor.Shespokeverywellattheconferencelastnight.如果同時出現(xiàn)多個狀語，則一般按照方式狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、時間狀語的順序排列。注意由……充當(dāng)例句副詞theprettygirlplaysthepianowonderfully.介詞短語Tohissurprise,shecriticizedhiminsteadofpraisinghim.分詞短語Theyenteredtheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.不定式短語Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavethesoldier’slift.可在句中充當(dāng)狀語的conclusion由……充當(dāng)例句從句Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tchangemymind.詞組Weshouldsavethepeopleheartandsoul.復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirhomes,theyhadtoliveinacave.可在句中充當(dāng)狀語的conclusion1._______(play)footballinthe