專題14閱讀理解C篇之首字母技巧方法及20篇專練-2022-2023學(xué)年八年級英語上學(xué)期期末考點大串講(牛津上海版)_第1頁
專題14閱讀理解C篇之首字母技巧方法及20篇專練-2022-2023學(xué)年八年級英語上學(xué)期期末考點大串講(牛津上海版)_第2頁
專題14閱讀理解C篇之首字母技巧方法及20篇專練-2022-2023學(xué)年八年級英語上學(xué)期期末考點大串講(牛津上海版)_第3頁
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專題14閱讀理解C篇之首字母技巧方法及20篇專練Ⅰ.專題知識梳理首字母填空題答題時要求既要使所填的詞在語法和語義上正確,又要使其符合短文內(nèi)容與情景的需要,所給出的詞首字母同時起著提示和限定的作用。它不僅考查學(xué)生在詞匯、語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識,還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。考查重點是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和連詞、代詞、介詞這幾大詞類。能力考察詞匯量與具體運(yùn)用能力(基礎(chǔ))句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力(確定詞性和詞形)語義、語境分析能力(確定詞義)邏輯推斷能力(確定詞義)前后文關(guān)鍵信息提取能力(更為準(zhǔn)確確定詞義)解題思路詞性的判斷(句法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞性的句法功能)詞義的判斷(句意理解)腦海中搜索符合相關(guān)條件的考綱詞匯復(fù)查(名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞時態(tài)三單、形容詞副詞形式級別、固定搭配與文意等)Ⅱ.專題精講Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順,每空格限填一詞,首字母已給)【案例分析1】AschoolnewspaperTheTeensaskedoveronethousandteenagershowtheyspenttheirsparetime.Heretheyreportther81ofthesurvey.It’snotatallsurprisingtolearnthatmostteenssaidtheywantedmorefreetime.Mosthavelessthananhouradayforafterschoolactivities.P82activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.Speakingofentertainment,musicandTVwerepopular.Abouthalfofthosesurveyedsaidthatmusicwastheirfavouriteactivity.Thisi83bothlisteningtoandplayingmusic.TVwasalsoverypopular.ThreequarterssaidtheypreferredwatchingTVtoreadingabookormagazine.Unexpectedly,asmanyasthreeoutoftenteenagersmentionedthatcollectingthingswassomethingtheylikedtodointheirsparetime.Theyhadv84collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.V85friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.Everyonewesurveyedsaidtheyspoketofriendseveryday.Mostsaidtheyspokeabouttwentyminutesaday.Surprisingly,teenagerss87wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.Keys:81.result(s) 82.Physical 83.included 84.various 85.Visiting86.Another 87.seldom名詞動詞形容詞副詞代詞12211【解析】前后文呼應(yīng)、理解(1)P82activitywaspopularamongbothgirlsandboys,averagingbetweenthreetosixhoursaweek.Favouritesportsamonggirlsweretennis,basketballandswimming.Boyssaidtheylikedfootball,basketballandskating.【答案】Physical 【精講】本空首先判定為副詞,接著根據(jù)后文提及的Favouritesports可知(2)Theyhadv84collectionsfromcartoonbooksandbaseballcardstostickers,toysandcoins.【答案】various【精講】本空首先初步判定為形容詞,雖也有可能填動詞分詞形式,形容詞概率大些,再根據(jù)后文的from.......to.....可知(3)V____85______friendswasalsopopular.Eightoutoftenteenagerssaidtheymetfriendsonceaweek.【答案】visiting【精講】根據(jù)后文的metfriends知道填拜訪訪問朋友,注意動詞放開頭做主語要用動名詞形式NineoutoftensaidtheycontactedfriendsthroughtheInternet.A86popularwayofcontactingfriendswasthetelephone.【答案】Another【精講】首先本空判定為形容詞或者具有形容詞性的代詞,再根據(jù)前文的throughtheInternet以及后文的thetelephone知表示另外一種方式。句間關(guān)系(遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步等)(1)Surprisingly,teenagerss87wentdancing,especiallygirls.Onlyoneoutoftensaidtheywenttothedanceregularly.【答案】seldom【精講】根據(jù)surprisingly以及only,前后句成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步解釋說明青少年很少去跳舞?!景咐治?】華二開學(xué)摸底卷It’sagreatbutdifficultprojecttosetupapermanenthumansettlementonMars.Over200,000volunteersfrommorethan120countrieshaveappliedtotakeaonewaytriptoMars.Theproject,runbyaDutchpanynamedMarsOne,aimstosendagroupofvolunteerstoMars,andbecauseofthephysiological(生理上的)changeinthehumanbodyafterastayonMars,there’dbenochanceofc81back.Soit’sonlyaonewaytrip!However,thathasn’tstopvolunteersbeingoneofMars’firstcitizens.“Thisisturningouttobethemostwelejobinhistory.”SaysBasLansdorp,cofounderofMarsOne.DaytodaylifeonMarswillbenoteasy.Thedailyworkwilli82buildinggreenhousesordoingsomeresearchallinalonelyenvironment.Marsisnotf83tolife.Itsatmosphereissothinthatitwon’tprojectyoufromharmfulradiation(輻射)fromthesun.Youcan’tbreathetheairanditisverycoldonMars,withanaveragetemperatureofaround50℃.ThereisnorunningwateronthesurfaceofMars.Thewaterisfrozenorhiddenu84.ButMarsOnesaystheprojectisnotlookingforvolunteerswithsomeskill,suchasasciencedegree.I85,theyarelookingforpeoplewhohave“adeepsenseofpurposeandresponsibility”.AsthefirstgroupofpeoplelivingonMars,volunteersshouldbe“willingtobuildingandkeepahealthyr86withtheEarth”.Theyalsowantvolunteerswhoare“curious,creative,andgoodatfindingwaysofdealingwithallkindsofproblems”.Thevolunteerwillreceiveatleasteightyears’trainingb87theyleaveEarth,thepanysays.Thefirstgroupof24volunteersissettoflytoMarsin2004.Keys:81ing82.include/involve83.friendly84.underground85.Instead86.relationship87.before名詞動詞形容詞副詞連詞22111【解析】前后文呼應(yīng)、理解(1)there’dbenochanceofc81back.Soit’sonlyaonewaytrip!【答案】ing【精講】判定此空的詞性為動詞,且前面是of所以填動詞的ing形式,根據(jù)后文的aonewaytrip可知Thedailyworkwilli82buildinggreenhousesordoingsomeresearchallinalonelyenvironment.【答案】involve/include【精講】判定空格為及物動詞的原形,,再根據(jù)后文的buildinggreenhousesordoingsomeresearch(3)Marsisnotf83tolife.Itsatmosphereissothinthatitwon’tprojectyoufromharmfulradiation(輻射)fromthesun.【答案】friendly【精講】判定空格詞性為形容詞,再根據(jù)后文所提及的Itsatmosphereissothinthatitwon’tprojectyou......知道火星不適合人類ThereisnorunningwateronthesurfaceofMars.Thewaterisfrozenorhiddenu84.【答案】underground【精講】根據(jù)前文的norunningwateronthesurface可知表示地底下(5)Thevolunteerwillreceiveatleasteightyears’trainingb87theyleaveEarth.【答案】before【精講】首先判定本空詞性為連詞,根據(jù)意思知道是在離開地球之前接受培訓(xùn)的。句間關(guān)系(遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、讓步等)(1)ButMarsOnesaystheprojectisnotlookingforvolunteerswithsomeskill,suchasasciencedegree.I85,theyarelookingforpeoplewhohave“adeepsenseofpurposeandresponsibility”.【答案】Instead【精講】判定空格為副詞,再根據(jù)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折but以及isnotlookingfor........arelookingfor.Ⅲ.學(xué)法提煉知識收獲首字母考查詞性解題思路、方法重在句意理解、上下文分析注意事項二、方法總結(jié)1.通讀全文,通讀是為了知道這篇文章講什么,了解大意后才能做題。首填選篇第一句一般不設(shè)空,并且一般會給出主題,所以一定要細(xì)讀首句。跳過空格與生詞,要快速閱讀。2.詞性判定,邏輯關(guān)系,邏輯關(guān)系是全文的脈絡(luò),也是理解文章最重要和最容易成為障礙的地方。閱讀時養(yǎng)成隨手圈劃邏輯關(guān)系詞的習(xí)慣,是提高理解文章能力的很好方法3.聯(lián)系上下文,有不少提示答案的關(guān)鍵信息,就出現(xiàn)在前后句甚至同句中。4.固定搭配、常識理解5.復(fù)查:名詞檢查單復(fù)數(shù)動詞檢查時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等形容詞、副詞檢查形式、級別連詞檢查邏輯關(guān)系代詞檢查人稱、數(shù)、格介詞檢查句意、固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法三、技巧提煉通讀全文,了解大意

2.判斷空格填何種詞性,是名詞,是動詞,是形容詞,還是副詞等。3.根據(jù)上下文、句意填出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~;判斷詞的形式。(名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),動詞的形式、時態(tài)語態(tài),形容詞、副詞的形式、級別等)4.復(fù)讀全文,全面檢查:根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、上下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯發(fā)展進(jìn)行反復(fù)斟酌課后培優(yōu)課后培優(yōu)一、短文首字母填空Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞,首字母已給。)WearesofamiliarwiththeBMWcar.Itisafamouscar.NowIdonotsayaboutthecar,butabouttheBMWpeople.InmanyWesterncountries,thesubwayiscalledthe“Metro”.ManypeoplegotoworkbytakingabustothenearestMetrostation.Aftertheygeto____1____theMetro,theywalkafewblocksbeforearrivingattheirfinaldestination.NowyouknowactuallytheBMWissayingaboutakindofpeoplewhogototheofficebybus,byMetroandbywalk.ThosewhogotoworkbyBMWarecalledBMWpeople.TheBcanalsostandforthebikeb____2____somepeoplealwaysgototheofficebybike.ItisveryusualforyoutoseemanypeoplecrowdedinthebusstationandtheMetrostation,especiallyinthebigcitiesl____3____Shanghai.Ihatetobeinaplacefullofpeopleandw____4____alotoftimewaitingthere,soIusuallychoosetogototheofficebybike.ItisveryconvenientformeandIhavefoundthattherearereallymanypeoplewhoares____5____tome.AreyouoneoftheBMWs?Tobeam____6____oftheBMWs,Ioftenenjoythewaytotheoffice,andenjoyseeingdifferentpeopleontheway.Also,IthinkIcanenjoythescenerywhenIridethebike.Thelifeissobeautiful,andwecandomanyotherthingsthatcanmakeourlifebeautifulandenjoyable.Sodonotlosetheconfidenceaboutlife,enjoyyourlife,andespeciallygoaheadforyourdreamandsticktoitnomatteryouareaBMWornot.【答案】1.(o)ff

2.(b)ecause

3.(l)ike

4.(w)aste

5.(s)imilar

6.(m)ember【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一類BMW的人群,即上班路上要坐公交車、轉(zhuǎn)地鐵,下地鐵還要走路,或者直接騎自行車的人。通過闡述作者本人作為BMW的一員,感受到的BMW給他帶來的好處,鼓勵人們積極向上地生活。1.句意:下了地鐵后,他們要走幾個街區(qū)才能到達(dá)最終目的地。根據(jù)“ManypeoplegotoworkbytakingabustothenearestMetrostation”和“theywalkafewblocksbeforearrivingattheirfinaldestination”可知,是下地鐵后,還要走幾個街區(qū)才能到達(dá)最終目的地,根據(jù)“get”可知,getoff“從……下來”。故填(o)ff。2.句意:B也可以代表自行車,因為有些人總是騎自行車去上班。根據(jù)“TheBcanalsostandforthebike”和“somepeoplealwaysgototheofficebybike”可知,空格前后句為因果關(guān)系,前面為結(jié)果,后面為原因,結(jié)合所給首字母b可知,此處應(yīng)填because“因為”。故填(b)ecause。3.句意:你經(jīng)常會看到很多人擠在公交車站和地鐵站,尤其是在像上海這樣的大城市。根據(jù)“especiallyinthebigcities”和“Shanghai”可知,此處為舉例,結(jié)合所給首字母l可知,此處應(yīng)填like“例如”。故填(l)ike。4.句意:我討厭在人多的地方,浪費很多時間在那里等,所以我通常選擇騎自行車去上班。根據(jù)“Ihatetobeinaplacefullofpeople”和“alotoftimewaitingthere,soIusuallychoosetogototheofficebybike”并結(jié)合所給首字母可知,此處指浪費時間,“浪費”waste,根據(jù)“Ihatetobe”和“and”可知,此處waste和be為并列結(jié)構(gòu),故應(yīng)用動詞原形。故填(w)aste。5.句意:這對我來說很方便,我發(fā)現(xiàn)和我相似的人真的很多。結(jié)合語境和“therearereallymanypeoplewhoare”以及“tome”可知,此處指和我相似的人很多,besimilarto“與……相似”。故填(s)imilar。6.句意:作為BMW中的一員,我經(jīng)常享受上班路上的景象,也喜歡在路上看到不同的人。根據(jù)“AreyouoneoftheBMWs”以及所給首字母m可知,此處表示作為BMW中的一員,member“成員”,根據(jù)“a”可知,空格處應(yīng)用其單數(shù)形式member。故填(m)ember。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示,填寫所缺單詞。BencouldhearstrongwindsoutsidehishomeinAlabama.Blackcloudsweremakingtheskyveryd___7___.Withnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.ThenewsonTVreportedthataheavyrainstormwouldh___8___thisarea.Everyoneintheneighbourhoodwasb___9___.Ben’sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasputtingsomecandlesandmatchesonthetable.Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantob___10___heavilyagainstthewindows.Afterdinner,theytriedtoplayacardgame,butitwashardtohavefunwithas___11___stormhappeningoutside.Bencouldn’tsleepatfirst.Hefinallyfella___12___whenthewindwasdyingdownat3:00a.m.Whenhewokeup,thesunwasr___13___.Hewentoutsideandfoundfallentrees,brokenwindowsandrubbishweree___14___.Theyjoinedtheneighbourstoc___15___uptheneighbourhoodtogether.Thestormbrokemanythingsintopieces,b____16____itbroughtfamiliesandneighboursclosertogether.【答案】7.(d)ark

8.(h)it

9.(b)usy

10.(b)eat

11.(s)erious

12.(a)sleep

13.(r)ising

14.(e)verywhere

15.(c)lean

16.(b)ut【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Ben和家人一起經(jīng)歷了一場嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨,并在災(zāi)后和鄰居們一起打掃社區(qū)的事件。7.句意:烏云正使得天空變得灰暗。根據(jù)“Blackcloudsweremakingthesky”可知,烏云讓天變暗,首字母為d,應(yīng)填入形容詞dark。故填(d)ark。8.句意:電視上的新聞報道說這個地區(qū)將會有一場暴雨。情態(tài)動詞would后接動詞原形。根據(jù)“aheavyrainstorm”及首字母h,hitthearea表示“(暴風(fēng)雨)襲擊這個地區(qū)”。故填(h)it。9.句意:社區(qū)里的每個人都很忙碌。根據(jù)下一句“Ben’sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasputtingsomecandlesandmatchesonthetable.”可知,Ben的爸爸在把木板放在窗戶上,而他的媽媽在桌子上放了一些蠟燭和火柴,由此可知,社區(qū)里的每個人都在為這場暴風(fēng)雨而忙碌,首字母為b,因此應(yīng)填入形容詞busy。故填(b)usy。10.句意:Ben正在幫他媽媽做飯,這時雨開始猛烈地打在窗戶上。begintodosth表示“開始做某事”,根據(jù)“whentherainbeganto...heavilyagainstthewindows”及首字母為b可知,應(yīng)是雨水拍打著窗戶,beat“敲,打”符合語境,beatheavily表示“猛烈地?fù)舸颉薄9侍?b)eat。11.句意:晚飯后,他們試圖玩卡牌游戲,但是外面正下著一場嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨,很難玩得開心。storm為名詞,其前應(yīng)用形容詞修飾。根據(jù)上文“aheavyrainstorm”可知這場暴風(fēng)雨非常大,首字母為s,可用形容詞serious“嚴(yán)重的”來修飾。故填(s)erious。12.句意:凌晨3點,風(fēng)漸漸平息,他終于睡著了。fallasleep表示“睡著”,首字母為a。故填(a)sleep。13.句意:當(dāng)他醒來時,太陽正在升起。根據(jù)“thesunwas”可知此處應(yīng)是描述太陽正在升起,句子采用過去進(jìn)行時,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞,首字母為r,應(yīng)用動詞rise的現(xiàn)在分詞rising。故填(r)ising。14.句意:他走到外面,發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都是倒下的樹木、破碎的窗戶和垃圾。謂語動詞found后接省略引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語從句,從句謂語動詞為were,首字母為e,因此此處應(yīng)填入副詞everywhere“到處”來形容災(zāi)后的場景。故填(e)verywhere。15.句意:他們和鄰居們一起打掃這個社區(qū)。根據(jù)“joinedtheneighbourhoodto”可知后接動詞原形,表示目的。首字母為c,結(jié)合語境,此處應(yīng)是指“打掃社區(qū)”,應(yīng)填入動詞clean。故填(c)lean。16.句意:雖然暴風(fēng)雨把很多東西都打得粉碎,但它使家庭和鄰居更緊密地聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)空格前的“暴風(fēng)雨把很多東西都打得粉碎”和空格后“它使家庭和鄰居更緊密地聯(lián)系在一起”可知兩句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,首字母為b,因此應(yīng)填入表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞but。故填(b)ut。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示,填寫所缺單詞,使短文意思完整。Oneday,Iwaswithmyfriends.Wewerehavingap____17____inafieldandIsawsomethingstrange.Therewasawhitecatw____18____apinknosesittinginatree.There’snothingstrangeaboutthat,ofcourse,butitlookedlikeitwase____19____theleavesinthetree!Thatwass____20____!Catsdon’tusuallyeatleaves.“Maybeit’sveryh____21____”Ithought.W____22____Iwaslookingatit,thecatgotoutofthetree,jumpeddowntothegroundandwalkeda____23____thefieldandsatnexttous.Maybeitwantedsomeofourpicnictoeat,buttherewasn____24____foracat.Thecatgotupandcameclosetome.Is____25____“hello”toitanditsmiledatme.WasitaCheshireCat?Ifoundsomebiscuits(餅干)inmypocketandgavet____26____tothecat.Soon,itwaseatingbiscuitsandsmilingatus.Then,afterawhile,thecatgotupandwalkedacrossthefield.Maybeitwasn’thungryanymore.【答案】17.(p)icnic

18.(w)ith

19.(e)ating

20.(s)trange

21.(h)ungry

22.(W)hile

23.(a)cross

24.(n)othing

25.(s)aid

26.(t)hem【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者和朋友在田野野餐的時候,看到一只白貓在吃樹葉的故事。17.句意:我們正在田野里野餐,我看到了一些奇怪的東西。根據(jù)“Wewerehavingap...inafield”可知是指野餐,haveapicnic“野餐”,故填(p)icnic。18.句意:有一只長著粉紅色鼻子的白貓坐在樹上。根據(jù)“awhitecatw...apinknose”可知是指有著粉色鼻子的白貓,with“有”,介詞,故填(w)ith。19.句意:當(dāng)然,這沒什么奇怪的,但它看起來像是在吃樹上的葉子!根據(jù)“butitlookedlikeitwase...theleavesinthetree”可知白貓正在吃樹葉,eat“吃”,動詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式和be動詞was構(gòu)成過去進(jìn)行時,故填(e)ating。20.句意:真奇怪!根據(jù)“Catsdon’tusuallyeatleaves”可知貓不吃樹葉,但是這個貓好像在吃樹葉,很奇怪,strange“奇怪的”,形容詞作表語。故填(s)trange。21.句意:也許它很餓了。根據(jù)“Maybeit’sveryh...”結(jié)合貓在吃樹葉可知貓應(yīng)該很餓了,hungry“饑餓的”,形容詞作表語。故填(h)ungry。22.句意:當(dāng)我看著它的時候,貓從樹上下來,跳到地上,穿過田野坐在我們旁邊。根據(jù)“W...Iwaslookingatit,thecatgotoutofthetree”可知是指當(dāng)作者看著它的時候,空后是過去進(jìn)行時,此處應(yīng)用while“當(dāng)……時候”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故填(W)hile。23.句意:當(dāng)我看著它的時候,貓從樹上下來,跳到地上,穿過田野坐在我們旁邊。根據(jù)“walkeda...thefield”可知是指穿過田野,walkacross“穿過”,故填(a)cross。24.句意:也許它想要一些我們的野餐來吃,但對貓來說什么也沒有。根據(jù)“Maybeitwantedsomeofourpicnictoeat,”以及but可知,這里沒有什么可以給貓吃的東西,nothing“沒有什么”符合語境,故填(n)othing。25.句意:我對它說“你好”,它對我微笑。根據(jù)“hello”可知“你好”是說出來的,sayhello“打招呼”,故填(s)aid。26.句意:我在口袋里找到一些餅干,把它們給了貓。此空需要用代詞賓格指代biscuits(餅干),them“它們”符合語境,故填(t)hem。FormanyresidentsofnorthernChina,airq___27___isoneofthetopconcernswhenwinterapproaches.OnNov23,hazeshroudedShijiazhuang,Hebei.Localauthoritiesissuedanorangealertforheavyairpollution.Ifsnotthefirsttimetheprovincehasissuedalertsthisyear.AccordingtotheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment,burningcoalforheatisthemajorreasonforhighlevelsofPM2.5—fineparticleslessthan2.5micrometersindiameter—inwinter,whichisabouttwicethatofotherseasons.Meanwhile,unfavorableweatherthisyearhasbroughtothernegativeimpact.“Highertemperaturesandlessr___28___sinceSeptemberhaveincreasedozonedensity(臭氧密度)andmadepollutantshardertodisappear.”saidaspokesmanoftheministry.Tostoppollutionfromgettingworse,anactionplanhasbeenreleased.ThegoalistoreducePM2.5densityinmajorcitiesthiswinter.Thisyear’splansetshighergoalsthanp___29___years.TheaveragedensityofPM2.5inBeijing—Tianjin—Hebeiregionshoulddropby4percentthiswinteruntilMarch31,2022,ChinaDailyreported.Lastyear5sgoalwas3percent.Also,thenumberofdayswiths___30___pollutionshouldfallby6percent.Chinahasworkedtoimprovetheenvironment.Solideffortshavebeenmadeinfightingpollution.TakingBeijingasanexample,theaverageconcentration(濃度)ofPM2.5droppedto23microgramspercubicmeterinBeijinginAugust.Beijing’scampaignagainstairpollutionhasalsobeenlistedasastudycasetoofferexperiencetocitiesind___31___countries.LessonssharedfromChina’sexperiencesare“worthconsidering”inIndia,whosecapital,NewDelhi,hassufferedfromextremeairpollutionrecently.【答案】27.(q)uality

28.(r)ainfall

29.(p)revious

30.(s)erious

31.(d)ifferent【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了中國為治理空氣污染所做出的努力。27.句意:對于許多華北居民來說,空氣質(zhì)量是冬季來臨時最關(guān)心的問題之一。根據(jù)“OnNov23,hazeshroudedShijiazhuang,Hebei”和首字母提示可知,霧霾影響的是空氣質(zhì)量,quality“質(zhì)量”,名詞,故填(q)uality。28.句意:9月份以來的高溫和降雨量減少增加了臭氧密度,使污染物更難消失。根據(jù)“sinceSeptemberhaveincreasedozonedensity(臭氧密度)andmadepollutantshardertodisappear”和首字母提示可知,進(jìn)入九月份,溫度升高,降雨減少,rainfall“降雨量”,名詞。故填(r)ainfall。29.句意:今年的計劃設(shè)定了比往年更高的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)“TheaveragedensityofPM2.5inBeijing—Tianjin—Hebeiregionshoulddropby4percentthiswinteruntilMarch31,2022,ChinaDailyreported.Lastyear5sgoalwas3percent.”和首字母提示可知,今年的目標(biāo)比往年的更高,空處填寫形容詞previous“先前的”,故填(p)revious。30.句意:此外,嚴(yán)重污染天數(shù)應(yīng)減少6%。根據(jù)“thenumberofdayswith…pollutionshouldfallby6percent”可知,空處應(yīng)該填寫形容詞修飾名詞pollution,serious“嚴(yán)重的”,形容詞,故填(s)erious。31.句意:北京治理空氣污染的行動也被列為研究案例,為不同國家的城市提供經(jīng)驗。根據(jù)“LessonssharedfromChina’sexperiencesare“worthconsidering”inIndia,whosecapital,NewDelhi,hassufferedfromextremeairpollutionrecently.”和首字母提示可知,舉出印度的例子說明,中國的案例為不同的國家提供了經(jīng)驗,空處填寫形容詞different“不同的”修飾名詞countries,故填(d)ifferent。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示,填寫所缺單詞,使短文意思完整。

LiLiisanineyearoldgirl.Sheisap____32____inaprimaryschool.Sheworkshardathersubjects.Inclass,shetakesanactivepartinallkindsofactivities(活動).Shelookssmarter(機(jī)靈的)thanherclassmates.

Oneday,shewasdoingherhomeworkaftersupperasu____33____.Herfatherwasnotin.Hermotherwastakingashowerinthebathroom.Aftershef____34____herhomework,LiLiaskedhermothertocheckherhomework,buthermotherdidn’ta____35____her.Afewminuteslater,hermotherwass____36____inthebathroom.LiLifelts____37____.Sheknockedatthedoor.Buthermothermadenoanswer.Shepushedthedooropenandf____38____hermotherlyingonthefloor.Atthesametime,shesmelledsomethingterrible.Itwasthegas(煤氣).Shequicklyopenedthewindow,turnedo____39____thegasandcalled120and110forhelp.Soonsomedoctorsandpolicemencameandsenthermothertothenearesthospital.Hermotherwassavedatl____40____.Whydidthelittlegirlknowhowtodothat?Thatwasbecauseshehadlearnedhowtosaveherselfando____41____indangerinschool.【答案】32.(p)upil

33.(u)sual

34.(f)inished

35.(a)nswer

36.(s)till

37.(s)trange

38.(f)ound

39.(o)ff

40.(l)ast

41.(o)thers【導(dǎo)語】本文講述了九歲的莉莉運(yùn)用學(xué)校所學(xué)的知識,在她的媽媽暈倒的情況下,保持冷靜,撥打救了媽媽的故事。32.句意:她是一所小學(xué)的學(xué)生。根據(jù)上下文“LiLiisanineyearoldgirl.”和“inaprimaryschool”以及首字母的提示可知莉莉是一名小學(xué)生,所以這里用可數(shù)名詞“pupil小學(xué)生”,空前有“a”,因此pupil用單數(shù)。故填(p)upil。33.句意:一天,她像往常一樣在晚飯后做作業(yè)。結(jié)合語境和空前“as”以及首字母的提示可知本句講述了莉莉的日常學(xué)習(xí)生活,所以這里用usual,構(gòu)成短語“asusual像往常一樣”。故填(u)sual。34.句意:做完作業(yè)后,莉莉讓她的媽媽檢查作業(yè),但媽媽沒有應(yīng)答。結(jié)合語境和首字母的提示以及空后“LiLiaskedhermothertocheckherhomework”可知莉莉做好作業(yè)之后讓媽媽檢查,所以用動詞“完成finish”,本句用一般過去時,這里finish用其過去式。故填(f)inished。35.句意:做完作業(yè)后,莉莉讓她的媽媽檢查作業(yè),但媽媽沒有應(yīng)答。結(jié)合語境和首字母的提示以及下文“Sheknockedatthedoor.Buthermothermadenoanswer.”可知莉莉的媽媽當(dāng)時暈倒了,所以沒有回答莉莉的話,這里用動詞“answer回答”,空前有助動詞“didn’t”,因此answer用原形。故填(a)nswer。36.句意:幾分鐘后,她的媽媽還在衛(wèi)生間里。結(jié)合上下文“Hermotherwastakingashowerinthebathroom.”和“Shepushedthedooropenand…h(huán)ermotherlyingonthefloor.”以及首字母的提示可知莉莉在做作業(yè)時,她的媽媽在衛(wèi)生間洗澡,后來莉莉讓媽媽檢查作業(yè)時,她的媽媽一直在衛(wèi)生間,沒有出來,所以這里用副詞“仍然still”。故填(s)till。37.句意:莉莉感到奇怪。根據(jù)上文“Aftershefinishedherhomework,LiLiaskedhermothertocheckherhomework,buthermotherdidn’tanswerher.Afewminuteslater,hermotherwasstillinthebathroom.”和首字母的提示以及常識可知莉莉做完作業(yè)后,讓媽媽檢查作業(yè),媽媽沒有回答,幾分鐘后,媽媽還在衛(wèi)生間,沒有出來,對此莉莉感到很奇怪,所以這里用形容詞“奇怪的strange”。故填(s)trange。38.句意:她推開門,發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽躺在地板上。結(jié)合語境和首字母的提示以及空后“hermotherlyingonthefloor”可知莉莉推開衛(wèi)生間門之后,看到媽媽躺在地板上,這是莉莉意外碰到的情況,用動詞“發(fā)現(xiàn)find”,本句用一般過去時,因此這里find用其過去式。故填(f)ound。39.句意:她迅速打開窗戶,關(guān)掉煤氣,撥打120和110求救。結(jié)合語境和首字母的提示以及常識可知煤氣泄漏后應(yīng)關(guān)閉煤氣,所以這里用副詞“關(guān)掉、切斷off”,構(gòu)成短語“turnoff關(guān)閉”。故填(o)ff。40.句意:她的媽媽終于得救了。結(jié)合語境和空前“at”以及首字母的提示可知本句交代了故事的結(jié)尾,所以這里用last,構(gòu)成短語“atlast終于”。故填(l)ast。41.句意:那是因為她在學(xué)校里學(xué)會了如何在危險中拯救自己和他人。結(jié)合語境和空前“herself”以及首字母的提示可知莉莉在學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)了如何保護(hù)自己和他人的安全,所以這里用“others其他人”。故填(o)thers。根據(jù)下面語篇以及所給單詞的首字母寫出所缺單詞。Onceuponatime,therewasahunterwhowasproudofhisskills.Oneday,hewenttothemountainsinsearchofhistarget(目標(biāo)).Whenhewentintotheforest,alltheanimalsbecameafraidandranaway.Onlythelionc____42____himtofight.Thehuntertookouthisarrow(箭)andlauncheditatonce.Hewassoconfidentthathedidn’tchoosethedirectionc____43____.Thearrowhitabirdinthetreei____44____.Beforethehunterr____45____hismistake,theliontookthechanceandlaunchedattack.Luckily,thelionalsomissedhistargetbyinches.Afterthea____46____,thehunternevershowedoff(炫耀)hisskills.【答案】42.(c)hallenged

43.(c)orrectly

44.(i)nstead

45.(r)ealized

46.(a)ccident【導(dǎo)語】本文講述的是驕傲的獵人與獅子挑戰(zhàn)的故事。42.句意:只有獅子向他挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)“alltheanimalsbecameafraidandranaway.”及首字母提示可知,獅子向獵人發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn),challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”,動詞,故事發(fā)生在過去,動詞應(yīng)用過去式,故填(c)hallenged。43.句意:他太自信了,以至于沒有正確選擇方向。根據(jù)“Thearrowhitabirdinthetree”及首字母提示可知,方向沒有選對,空處修飾句中的動詞,應(yīng)用副詞形式,表示“正確地”,故填(c)orrectly。44.句意:箭射中了樹上的一只鳥。根據(jù)首字母提示及“Onlythelion...himtofight.Thebuntertookouthisarrow(箭)andlauncheditatonce.Hewassoconfidentthathedidn’tchoosethedirection”可知,獵人沒有射中獅子而是射中了一只鳥,此處應(yīng)用副詞instead“反而”,故填(i)nstead。45.句意:在獵人意識到自己的錯誤之前,獅子抓住機(jī)會發(fā)動了攻擊。根據(jù)“thehunter...hismistake”及首字母提示可知,在獵人意識到自己的錯誤之前,空處缺謂語,此處用動詞,且要用過去式,故填(r)ealized。46.句意:事故發(fā)生后,獵人再也不炫耀自己的技能了。根據(jù)上文的描述及首字母提示可知,這是一次不測事件,accident“不測事件,事故”,此處名詞用單數(shù)形式,故填(a)ccident。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示填空J(rèn)ackisfromAmerica.Hewasb___47___in2000.Heoncelivedinasmallvillagewithhisparents.Whenhewasyoung,hisdreamwastobeascientistandi___48___.Hecarriedanotebookwithhimallthetime.Hisnotebooki___49___manydrawingsofdifferentinventions.Inordertor___50___hisdream,Jackworkedveryhard.Hestudied12hoursaday,evenatweekends.Attheageof18,hewenttothebestuniversityinhiscountry.Later,hisdreamcametrue.Healsowonmanyp___51___becauseofhisinventions.【答案】47.(b)orn

48.(i)nventor

49.(i)ncluded

50.(r)ealise

51.(p)rizes【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了來自美國的Jack小的時候就想當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家,他靠著努力拼搏,最后實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。47.句意:他出生于2000年。根據(jù)“Hewas…in2000”及首字母可知,此處用bebornin表示“出生”,故填(b)orn。48.句意:當(dāng)他年輕時,他的夢想是成為一名科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家。根據(jù)“becauseofhisinventions”可知,他也想成為一名發(fā)明家,inventor“發(fā)明家”,a修飾名詞的單數(shù)形式,故填(i)nventor。49.句意:他的筆記本上有許多不同發(fā)明的圖畫。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此空缺少動詞作謂語,結(jié)合“Hisnotebook…manydrawingsofdifferentinventions”及首字母可知,包括了不同發(fā)明的圖畫,include“包括”,描述過去發(fā)生的事情,動詞用過去式,故填(i)ncluded。50.句意:為了實現(xiàn)他的夢想,杰克工作非常努力。根據(jù)“Inorderto…h(huán)isdream,Jackworkedveryhard”及首字母可知,此處指為了實現(xiàn)夢想,realise“實現(xiàn)”,動詞不定式表目的,故填(r)ealise。51.句意:他還因為他的發(fā)明贏得了許多獎項。根據(jù)“Healsowonmany…becauseofhisinventions.”及首字母可知,贏得了許多獎項,prize“獎項”,many修飾名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填(p)rizes。語篇填詞。Thepolarbearisaverybigwhitebear.WecallitthepolarbearbecauseitlivesinsidetheArcticneartheNorthPole.Thereisnotanylandthere.ThepolarbearhasaverywarmcoatbecausetheweatheriscoldatthenorthoftheArctic.Youcannotfindthepolarbeareasilyinthesnowbecauseitscoatisw___52___.Agrownuppolarbearisusuallyaboutthreemetreslong,andweighs450kilos.Itcanstanduponitsbacklegsbecauseithasverywidefeet.Itcanu___53___itsfrontlegslikearms.Thepolarbearcanswimverywell.Itcanswim120kilometresoutintothewater.Itcatchesfishandseaanimalsforf___54___.Itgoesintotheseawhenitisafraid.Somepeoplek___55___thepolarbearforhisbeautifulwhitecoat.ThegovernmentsofCanada,theUSAandRussiasaythatnooneisallowedtohurtpolarbearsnow.Theydonotwantthesebeautifulanimalstod___56___out.【答案】52.(w)hite

53.(u)se

54.(f)ood

55.(k)ill

56.(d)ie【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了北極熊的特征和生活習(xí)性。有些人為了它們美麗的白色皮毛而殺死它們。加拿大,美國和俄羅斯政府不想讓北極熊滅絕了,不允許人們傷害它們。52.句意:你在雪里不容易找到北極熊,因為它的皮毛是白色的。根據(jù)“Thepolarbearisaverybigwhitebear.”和首字母w可知,北極熊是白色的,white“白色的”,故填(w)hite。53.句意:它可以像使用胳膊一樣使用前腿。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikearms”和首字母u可知,此處表示它使用前腿像使用胳膊一樣,use“使用”,位于情態(tài)動詞can后,作謂語,用動詞原形,故填(u)se。54.句意:它捕捉魚類和海洋動物作為食物。根據(jù)“fishandseaanimals”和首字母f可知,它把魚和海洋動物當(dāng)作食物,food“食物”,故填(f)ood。55.句意:有些人為了它美麗的白色皮毛而殺死北極熊。根據(jù)“forhisbeautifulwhitecoat”和首字母k可知,為了獲得它美麗的皮毛而殺死它,kill“殺死”,是動詞,主語somepeople是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填(k)ill。56.句意:他們不想要這些漂亮的動物滅絕了。根據(jù)“ThegovernmentsofCanada,theUSAandRussiasaythatnooneisallowedtohurtpolarbearsnow.”和首字母d可知,加拿大,美國和俄羅斯政府不允許人們傷害北極熊是不想讓它們滅絕了,dieout“滅絕”,wantsbtodosth“想要某人做某事”,故填(d)ie。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示填空。HuaXiaoying,56,isthewomanbehind“MammyHua’sPickles(泡菜)”.Huawasb____57____inasmallvillageinRuijin,JiangxiProvince.Becauseherfamilywaspoor,Huahadtodropoutofmiddleschool.H____58____,Huadidn’tgiveupstudying.Shetaughtherselfwhilesheworkedtohelpherfamily.In2015,severalvillagersopenedarestaurantinHua’svillage.Huawasacookintherestaurant.Sheofferedherpicklesforfreetocustomers(顧客).Tohersurprise,alotofcustomerslikedherpickles,andmanypeoplee____59____wantedtobuysome.In2016,Huastartedaworkshoptomakepickles.Makingpicklesisn’teasy.Iti____60____morethan20steps.BecauseofHua’shardwork,nowherpicklesw____61____manypeople’sheart.Herworkshopmademorethanonemillionyuaneveryyear.Hua’sworkshophasalsoprovidedmanyjobopportunities(機(jī)會)forpeopleishervillage.【答案】57.(b)orn

58.(H)owever

59.(e)specially

60.(i)ncludes

61.(w)in【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了華曉瑩和她的泡菜。57.句意:華出生在江西省瑞金市的一個小村莊。根據(jù)“Huawas…inasmallvillageinRuijin,JiangxiProvince.”可知,bebornin表示“出生于”,固定詞組。故填(b)orn。58.句意:然而,華并沒有放棄學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“Becauseherfamilywaspoor,Huahadtodropoutofmiddleschool.”以及“Huadidn’tgiveupstudying.”可知,此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折,“however”表示“然而”。故填(H)owever。59.句意:令她驚訝的是,許多顧客喜歡她的泡菜,許多人特別想買一些。根據(jù)“manypeople…wantedtobuysome.”可知,此處用副詞“especially”特別地修飾動詞“wanted”。故填(e)specially。60.句意:它包括20多個步驟。根據(jù)“It…morethan20steps.”可知,“include”表示“包括”,時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,it后跟第三人稱單數(shù)。故填(i)ncludes。61.句意:因為華的努力,現(xiàn)在她的泡菜贏得了許多人的心。根據(jù)“BecauseofHua’shardwork”可知,他們贏得的人心,“win”表示“贏得”,由“now”可知,句子的時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是復(fù)數(shù),因此此處用動詞原形。故填(w)in。語篇填詞Wehumanbeingsarecleverenoughtoi___62___newthingstomakeourlivesbetter.Wehavemadethousandsofgreatinventionss___63___100yearsago.Forexample,theputerhelpsuswork,study,doresearchandsoon.WiththeInternet,wecangetinformationandmunicatewithfriendsandfamiliesa___64___andanywhere.Andinrecentyears,weusem___65___phonestomakecalls,takephotos,watchvideos,playgamesandevensurftheInternet.Everyinventionhelpsmakeourlivesmoreconvenientandc___66___.【答案】62.(i)nvent

63.(s)ince

64.(a)nytime

65.(m)obile

66.(c)omfortable【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了人類的一些發(fā)明讓我們的生活更加便捷,更加舒適。62.句意:我們?nèi)祟愖銐蚵斆?,能夠發(fā)明新事物,使我們的生活變得更好。根據(jù)“newthingstomakeourlivesbetter”可知能夠發(fā)明新事物,invent“發(fā)明”,動詞不定式符號to后加動詞原形。故填(i)nvent。63.句意:自100年前以來,我們創(chuàng)造了數(shù)千項偉大的發(fā)明。根據(jù)“Wehavemadethousandsofgreatinventions”可知在自從100年前以來,有很多發(fā)明,since“自從”。故填(s)ince。64.句意:我們可以隨時隨地獲取信息并與朋友和家人交流。根據(jù)“municatewithfriendsandfamilies...andanywhere”可知是隨時隨地可以交流,anytime“任何時候”。故填(a)nytime。65.句意:近年來,我們用打、拍照、看視頻、玩游戲甚至上網(wǎng)。根據(jù)“phonestomakecalls”可知是用打,mobilephone“”。故填(m)obile。66.句意:每一項發(fā)明都有助于使我們的生活更加方便和舒適。根據(jù)“Everyinventionhelpsmakeourlivesmoreconvenientand”可知發(fā)明讓我們的生活更加方便和舒適,此處用形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,fortable“舒適的”。故填(c)omfortable。Howdidpeoplecountthingsbeforethei____67____ofwrittennumbers?At

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