2023屆上海市閔行區(qū)高三下學(xué)期二模英語試卷（解析版）

2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高三年級(jí)質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試英語試卷考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙規(guī)定的地方張貼條形碼并填寫考生號(hào)和姓名。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Shepreferstostayhome.B.Sheacceptstheman’sadvice.C.Shewantstodosomethingelse.D.Shedoesn’tlikealongwalk.2.A.Heneedsashowerurgently.B.Hedoesn’tneedanything.C.Hewantstodrinksomething.D.Heisn’tsweatingatthemoment.3.A.Shepreferstoeatout.B.Sheisnothungryatall.C.Shehasalottodointhekitchen.D.Shewantstomaketheirownfood.4.A.Skatingistoohardtolearn.B.Thewomanshouldquitskating.C.Skatingisn’ttoohardforhim.D.Thewomanshouldkeeptrying.5.A.Giveupthegame.B.Makeanewplan.C.Havetoughtraining.D.Avoidtheopponent.6.A.Hedoesn’tliketherole.B.Helacksconfidence.C.Heneedstoknowtherolewell.D.Heshouldremembereveryword.7.A.Thefoodtastesdifferently.B.Themanshouldseeadifferentview.C.Thefoodisworththeprice.D.Thepricesonthemenuareridiculous.8.A.Apastoverseasexperience.B.Acomputergame.C.Acomingvacationplan.D.Animaginarysituation.9.A.Practicethepresentation.B.Simplifythepresentation.C.Leaveoutthemiddlepart.D.Askformoretimeforthepresentation.10.A.Hewillleavethebikeoutside.B.Thebikeneedstoberepaired.C.Hedoesn’tneedthebikeanymore.D.Thebikeisingoodcondition.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingspeech.11.A.StudentsofWestSideSchool.B.TheWestSideSchoolartteacher.C.AuthorityofWestSideSchool.D.TheCaliforniangovernment.12.A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.13.A.Theunexpectedcharmofart.B.Aprojectbeneficialtostudents.C.Gratitudefromthehotlinecallers.D.Messagesfromkidsmakedifferences.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingspeech.14.A.Birds’physicalcharacteristics.B.Themigratingpatternsofbirds.C.Thesizeofbirdpopulation.D.Thebehaviorofmigratingbirds.15.A.Theybecometiredoftheirpartners.B.Theycan’treachhomeatthesametime.C.Theyarelikelytofindnewmates.D.Theyhaveconflictsduringtheflight.16.A.Theyareabletokeeppacewiththeirpartners.B.Theymigrateshorterdistancesthanotherbirds.C.Theydonothavetomigrateforfood.D.Theyhavelittlechancetomeetnewmates.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Thethemeistoohardtounderstand.B.Thesoundistoofrightening.C.Theopeningimagesaretooviolent.D.Thelanguageisunacceptable.18.A.Thedialect.B.Theconversation.C.Thebackground.D.Theplot.19.A.Itmakesthebookunusual.B.Itmakesthecharactersvivid.C.Itmakesthedialogueshumorous.D.Itmakesthebookeasytoread.20.A.Thefilmisofficiallyprohibitedtochildrenbecauseofviolenceinit.B.Thewomanfindsthatthefilmismoreinterestingthanthebook.C.Themanbelievesthefilmisfairlypricedandrecommendsseeingit.D.Themanhasnegativecommentsbothonthebookandthefilm.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationforover20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreats___1___resupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodisstored,themore___2___maylosenutrients.Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthechance___3___(taste)eachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayastheycelebratedtheharvestofthefirstchilipeppers___4___(raise)inspace.PlantHabitat-04wasoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratory___5___pepperstookmuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplantsthere.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,thepeppers___6___(harvest)onFriday.Whenthevegetableswerereadytoeat,theastronautsalsocompletedasensoryassessment.Theyratedtheflavor,color,appearance,andtasteoftheproducetosee___7___thelaborovertheirgreensprovedfruitfulasasupplementtoprepackagedspacefood.Freshgreens,likepeppers,provideagreatsourceofkeynutrients,whichareessentialtohumanbodies.Freshgreensalsohavepsychologicalbenefits.Theycanhelptokeepmorale(士氣)andprovideasenseofnormalcy(正常)onmissions___8___alltheconditionsaredistinctivelydifferentfromtheearth.Freshgreensmakealong-durationmission___9___(bearable)byprovidingatasteofhome.Lookingtothefuture,theplantexperimentshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimpactthesustainabilityofspaceexploration.They____10____,oneday,provideafoodsourceforlong-termhabitationofMarsandotherplanets.【答案】1.from##through2.it3.totaste4.raised5.because##as##since##for6.wereharvested7.whether##if8.where9.morebearable10.can##may##could##might【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了自2015年以來，宇航員已經(jīng)在空間站成功種植了十種不同的作物，并有機(jī)會(huì)品嘗每一種。周五，國際空間站為宇航員舉辦了一個(gè)派對(duì)，慶祝收獲了第一批在太空種植的辣椒?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：他們的食物是包裝好的，盡管有時(shí)宇航員會(huì)從（通過）補(bǔ)給任務(wù)中獲得新鮮的食物。表示“從……中”或“通過”應(yīng)用介詞from或through。故填from/through。【2題詳解】考查代詞。句意：包裝食品儲(chǔ)存的時(shí)間越長，其營養(yǎng)損失就越大。此處指代上文packagedfood，應(yīng)用代詞it。故填it?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：自2015年以來，宇航員已經(jīng)在空間站成功種植了十種不同的作物，并有機(jī)會(huì)品嘗每一種。名詞chance后跟不定式作后置定語。故填totaste?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：周五，國際空間站為宇航員舉辦了一個(gè)派對(duì)，慶祝收獲了第一批在太空種植的辣椒。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知raise與邏輯主語thefirstchilipeppers構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，表被動(dòng)和完成。故填raised?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：“植物棲息地-04”是軌道實(shí)驗(yàn)室中最復(fù)雜的植物實(shí)驗(yàn)之一，因?yàn)槔苯返纳L時(shí)間比之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)植物長得多。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because/as/since/for。故填because/as/since/for。【6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：經(jīng)過四個(gè)月的生長，這些辣椒于周五收獲。主語peppers與謂語harvest構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)后文onFriday可知為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wereharvested?！?題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：當(dāng)這些蔬菜可以吃的時(shí)候，宇航員還完成了一個(gè)感官評(píng)估。他們對(duì)這些蔬菜的味道、顏色、外觀和味道進(jìn)行打分，看看這些蔬菜作為預(yù)先包裝的太空食品的補(bǔ)充是否有益。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句表示“是否”應(yīng)用whether或if。故填whether/if?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：它們可以幫助保持士氣，并在所有條件與地球截然不同的任務(wù)中提供一種正常的感覺。定語從句修飾先行詞missions，從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。故填where?！?題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：新鮮的蔬菜提供了一種家的味道，使長期的任務(wù)更容易忍受。表示“更容易忍受”應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，故填morebearable。【10題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：有一天，它們可以/可能為火星和其他行星的長期居住提供食物來源。后跟動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合句意表示“可能”、“可以”應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/could/might。故填can/may/could/might。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.contentB.overextendC.developD.innovateE.pursuedF.topGsurfaceH.addictionI.emergeJ.cloudK.licensedOnTikTok,“Self-care”has28.2billionviews,whilethehashtag(主題標(biāo)簽)canbefoundonover66millionInstagramposts.Also,booksaboutself-careoften___11___manypeople’sshoppinglists.Onthe___12___,itmakescompletesense.Whowouldn’tliketheideaofmakingoneselffeelbetterandtakingcareoftheirmind,bodyandsoul?Yet,wehavetobecarefulnottoviewself-careasacure-allsolutiontoourproblems.Self-care____13____withoutawarenessofyourspecificneedsandconsistent(一致的)evaluationcancauseemotional,financial,mentalandphysicalconsequences.AccordingtoZishanKhan,apsychologistwithMindpathHealth,self-carecanleadtoapersonbecomingfrustratedwhenmetwithaseaofsuggestions,which___14___everywherefrompodcaststoself-helpbooks.“So,don’tallowwhatotherssuggestto____15____yourinternalvoice,”saysKhan.“Self-carecanonlybenefitapersonifit’sconsistentwiththeirgoalsandvalues.”Khanfurtheremphasizesthedangerofuncontrolledphysically-centeredself-careadvice,suchasfrominfluencers.“Their___16___oftenoverlyfocusesonbeautyandimprovingone’slooks.Thiscanunintentionallyleadtobodyimageconcernandthusactuallyworsenone’smentalhealth,”shesays.Anotherdangercancomewhenself-careactionsreachthelevelof___17___,saysMelissaBoudin,apsychologistofChoosingTherapy.“Whenyouspendalargeamountoftimethinkingaboutorpracticingacertainself-carebehavior,thismaybethatself-carehasgonefrombeneficialtoharmful,”shesays,usingtheexampleofself-carethroughhealthyeatingandthengoingsofarasto____18____aneatingdisorder.LenaSuarez-Angelino,a(n)____19____clinicalsocialworker,hasrecommendedcreatingalistofactivitiesthatmakeyoufeelbetterbutdon’t____20____you.Worthwhileandbeneficialself-caremayincludeanythingfromtimewithlovedonestowalking.Whileself-careisimportant,itshouldnotbeoverdone.【答案】11.F12.G13.E14.I15.J16.A17.H18.C19.K20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了心理學(xué)家指出，自我護(hù)理可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人在遇到從播客到自助書籍等無處不在的建議時(shí)感到沮喪。【11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：此外，關(guān)于自我護(hù)理的書籍經(jīng)常名列許多人的購物清單之首。結(jié)合句意表示“名列……之首”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞top，根據(jù)often可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用原形。故填top。故選F?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：從表面上看，這完全有道理。結(jié)合句意表示“從表面上看”可知應(yīng)填名詞surface，作賓語。故填surface。故選G?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：在沒有意識(shí)到自己的具體需求和一致評(píng)估的情況下進(jìn)行自我護(hù)理，可能會(huì)造成情緒、經(jīng)濟(jì)、心理和身體上的后果。結(jié)合句意表示“追求”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞pursue，與Self-care構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填pursued。故選E?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)心理健康心理學(xué)家ZishanKhan說，自我護(hù)理可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人在遇到從播客到自助書籍等無處不在的建議時(shí)感到沮喪。結(jié)合句意表示“出現(xiàn)”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞emerge，作從句謂語，陳述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，先行詞為suggestions，謂語用原形。故填emerge。故選I?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：Khan說：“所以，不要讓其他人的建議蒙蔽了你的內(nèi)心?！苯Y(jié)合句意表示“蒙蔽”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞cloud，且為短語allowsth.todosth.。故填cloud。故選J?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它們的內(nèi)容往往過于關(guān)注美麗和改善一個(gè)人的容貌。結(jié)合句意表示“內(nèi)容”可知應(yīng)填名詞content，作主語，故填content。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：選擇治療的心理學(xué)家MelissaBoudin說，當(dāng)自我護(hù)理行為達(dá)到上癮的程度時(shí)，另一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。結(jié)合句意表示“上癮”可知應(yīng)填名詞addiction，作賓語。故填addiction。故選H?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：“當(dāng)你花大量時(shí)間思考或?qū)嵺`某種自我保健行為時(shí)，這可能是自我保健已經(jīng)從有益變?yōu)橛泻?，”她說，以通過健康飲食進(jìn)行自我保健為例，然后發(fā)展到飲食失調(diào)。結(jié)合句意表示“發(fā)展”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞develop，此處作用不定式作結(jié)果狀語，空處填動(dòng)詞原形。故填develop。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：LenaSuarez-Angelino是一名執(zhí)業(yè)臨床社會(huì)工作者，她建議創(chuàng)建一個(gè)活動(dòng)清單，讓你感覺更好，但又不會(huì)讓你過度勞累。結(jié)合句意表示“得到許可的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞licensed，作定語。故填licensed。故選K?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：LenaSuarez-Angelino是一名執(zhí)業(yè)臨床社會(huì)工作者，她建議創(chuàng)建一個(gè)活動(dòng)清單，讓你感覺更好，但又不會(huì)讓你過度勞累。結(jié)合句意表示“過度勞累”可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞overextend，don’t后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填overextend。故選B。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whatwillyoudowhenyouarehungry?Ofcourse,anyonewouldgoandgrabsomethingtoeat.Andthen,whatdeterminesthe___21___offoodyoutakein?Youmaynotberightifyouransweristhedegreeofhunger.Theconventionalconceptthat____22____isthekeyfactorisopentochallenge.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintake(攝入)areinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesour____23____needforenergy.Someofthefactorsincludeoureating____24____andourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshownthat____25____eating,forinstance,eatingwhilewatchingTV,orasimilardistraction,canincreasebothhungerandfoodconsumption.Evensimple____26____clues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-term____27____alsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseeninfrontofthem—____28____,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdifferencesuggeststhattherecallofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonour___29___thantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.Thesefindingsagreewiththeearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimes______30______ourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-caloriemilkshakeontwo______31______occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷爾蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake’s______32______saiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeeling______33______whentheythoughtthey’dconsumedahigher-caloriesshake.Whatdoesthismeantooureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltocheatourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenifitoffocusingonourfood,avoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightagainst______34______whileweareeating.By______35______mindfuleatingtechniques,youhavetheopportunitytochangeyourcurrenteatinghabitsbybecomingmoreself-awareandintunetoyourbody’shungercues.21.A.quality B.amount C.nutrient D.variety22.A.deliciousness B.hunger C.nutrition D.flavor23.A.occasional B.potential C.external D.biological24.A.environment B.content C.time D.ability25.A.habitual B.purposeful C.unfocused D.absorbed26.A.optional B.visual C.hidden D.flexible27.A.vacancy B.hunger C.supply D.memory28.A.inotherwords B.asawhole C.byallmeans D.allinall29.A.motive B.growth C.appetite D.health30.A.advocate B.trick C.justify D.enhance31.A.identical B.alternative C.dependent D.separate32.A.label B.function C.usage D.material33.A.wiser B.healthier C.happier D.fuller34.A.distress B.waste C.distraction D.fullness35.A.employing B.perceiving C.clarifying D.assuming【答案】21.B22.B23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.C30.B31.D32.A33.D34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了影響食物攝入量的因素以及飲食策略?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，是什么決定了你攝入的食物量？A.quality質(zhì)量；B.amount數(shù)量；C.nutrient營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)；D.variety類別。根據(jù)第3空所在的“Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintake(攝入)areinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesour3needforenergy.”可知，此處討論的是事物的攝入量，故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：饑餓是關(guān)鍵因素的傳統(tǒng)觀念是可以挑戰(zhàn)的。A.deliciousness美味；B.hunger饑餓；C.nutrition營養(yǎng)；D.flavor味道。根據(jù)前文的“Youmaynotberightifyouransweristhedegreeofhunger.”(如果你的答案是饑餓的程度，那么你可能是不對(duì)的)可知，傳統(tǒng)的觀念認(rèn)為饑餓是影響食物攝入量的關(guān)鍵因素，故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：近年來，越來越多的研究表明，我們的食欲和食物攝入量除了我們對(duì)能量的生理需求外，還受到許多因素的影響。A.occasional偶然的；B.potential潛在的；C.external外部的；D.biological生理的。此處的需求指的是饑餓，這是人的一種生理需求，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一些因素包括我們的飲食環(huán)境和我們對(duì)面前食物的感知。A.environment環(huán)境；B.content內(nèi)容；C.time時(shí)間；D.ability能力。根據(jù)第5空的“Studieshaveshownthat5eating,forinstance,eatingwhilewatchingTV,orasimilardistraction,canincreasebothhungerandfoodconsumption.”(研究表明，飲食，例如，邊看電視邊吃，或類似的分心行為，會(huì)增加饑餓感和食物消耗。)可知，此處指的是飲食環(huán)境會(huì)影響食物攝入量，故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，不集中注意力的飲食，例如，邊看電視邊吃，或類似的分心行為，會(huì)增加饑餓感和食物消耗。A.habitual習(xí)慣的；B.purposeful故意的；C.unfocused心不在焉的；D.absorbed全神貫注的。根據(jù)“eatingwhilewatchingTV”可知，此處指的是不集中注意力地吃飯，故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：即使是簡單的視覺線索，如盤子大小和照明，也被證明會(huì)影響消費(fèi)。A.optional選擇的；B.visual視覺的；C.hidden隱藏的；D.flexible靈活的。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikeplatesizeandlighting”可知，這些指的是視覺影響，故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，我們的短期記憶也可能在食欲中發(fā)揮作用。A.vacancy空缺；B.hunger饑餓；C.supply供給；D.memory記憶。根據(jù)第8空的“howmuchtheyrememberedeating”可知，此處指的是短期記憶的影響，故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：飯后幾個(gè)小時(shí)，人們的饑餓程度不是通過他們吃了多少來預(yù)測的，而是通過他們已經(jīng)看到面前有多少食物來預(yù)測的——換句話說，就是他們記得吃了多少。A.inotherwords換句話說；B.asawhole作為整體；C.byallmeans千方百計(jì)；D.allinall總而言之。根據(jù)句意可知，后半句是對(duì)前句的解釋說明，“換句話說”，故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：布里斯托爾大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)教授杰弗里·M·布倫斯特羅姆說，這種差異表明，記起上一頓飯對(duì)我們的食欲的影響可能比實(shí)際飯量更大。A.motive動(dòng)機(jī)；B.growth成長；C.appetite胃口；D.health健康。本文主要談?wù)搶?duì)飯量，即胃口的影響因素，故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這些發(fā)現(xiàn)與早期的研究一致，早期的研究表明，我們對(duì)食物的感知有時(shí)會(huì)欺騙我們身體對(duì)食物本身的反應(yīng)。A.advocate倡議；B.trick欺騙；C.justify為……辯解、說明；D.enhance鞏固。根據(jù)后文的“peoplewhodrankthesame380-caloriemilkshakeontwooccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones”可知，此處指的是我們對(duì)事物的感知帶來的欺騙性，故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，在2011年的一項(xiàng)研究中，在兩個(gè)不同的場合喝同一杯380卡路里的奶昔的人產(chǎn)生了不同水平的饑餓相關(guān)激素,這取決于奶昔的標(biāo)簽上說它含有620卡路里還是140卡路里。A.identical同樣的；B.alternative可供選擇的；C.dependent依賴的；D.separate分隔的。根據(jù)語境可知，這是一個(gè)對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)，在不同的場合喝同樣的食物，符合實(shí)驗(yàn)邏輯，故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.label標(biāo)簽；B.function功能；C.usage用途；D.material材料。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，食物的卡路里數(shù)量一般標(biāo)記在標(biāo)簽上，故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，參與者報(bào)告說，當(dāng)他們認(rèn)為自己攝入了更高熱量的奶昔時(shí)，會(huì)感到更飽。A.wiser更明智的；B.healthier更健康的；C.happier更開心的；D.fuller更飽的。根據(jù)前文提到欺騙性可知，當(dāng)參與者認(rèn)為自己吃了更高熱量的食物時(shí)，會(huì)覺得更飽，這正是欺騙性的一種體現(xiàn)，故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所謂的正念飲食策略可以在我們吃飯時(shí)對(duì)抗分心。A.distress憂慮、悲傷；B.waste廢物；C.distraction分散注意力；D.fullness飽。根據(jù)前文提到的不集中注意力的飲食會(huì)增加飲食消耗可知，我們需要對(duì)抗這種飲食中的分心來控制食物攝入量，故選C項(xiàng)。35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過使用注意飲食的技巧，你有機(jī)會(huì)通過變得更加自我意識(shí)和適應(yīng)身體的饑餓提示來改變你目前的飲食習(xí)慣。A.employing雇傭，運(yùn)用；B.perceiving感知；C.clarifying澄清；D.assuming假定。根據(jù)“mindfuleatingtechniques”可知，此處指的是采用正念飲食策略，故選A項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)WhenIstepoutontothedeck,IdefinitelyfeeltheArcticchill.That’snotsurprising.I’magoodhundredmilesinsidetheArcticCircle;infact,youcan’tgetmuchfarthernorthandstillbeinSweden.ThisisAbiskoMountainStation,perhapsthecrownjeweloftheSwedishmountainlodges(小屋).I’mbackforasecondtimetothisremote,scenicspot.LastAutumn,aheavysnowstormtrappedmeinmytentfordaysandeventuallyforcedmetogotothestation,acomfortableplace.IdiscoveredadifferentsidetoAbisko.Peoplecomehereformanyreasons–sometohike,sometoclimb,sometocross-countryski.Butthere’syetanotherentirelydifferentattractionhere.Lookingoutfromthedeckofthetrainstation,aboveahugelake,intheupperskyoftheNorthPole,theAurora,asweoftenrefertothenorthernlight,mixedwithgreenandred,wasgivingoffghostlylight,rollingacrossthedarknightsky.TheAuroramaybeoldhattothosewholivethisfarnorth,butfortherestofusitisanunforgettableexperience.Thelightshereweresoappealingtouswequicklyforgotthediscomfortofthecold.OneoftheattractionsinAbiskoistheTornetrask.It’sahugelake,whichextendsmorethan70kilometreslongjustnorthofthestation,createsanunusualweatherphenomenonthatkeepstheskiesabovethestationclearevenwhenfogorcloudsblanketmostofnorthernSweden.Theskyinthisareaismostlyclearallyeararound.AbiskohasalottooffertomakeitanidealplacetoviewtheAurora.Itisfarfromanycitylights.ThestationoperatesaskilifttothetopofNuoljaPeak,morethan3,000feethigh.Forthefirsttimethisyear,acafeatthetopofthemountainhasbeenturnedintoaviewingplatformfortheNorthernLights,calledtheAuroraSkyStation.Also,thestationpostsforecastseachnightofexpectedAuroraactivity,collectedfromscientificobservationsarrivingviacomputer,sovisitorsmaychoosethebestviewingtime.36.Whatwasthereasonfortheauthor’sfirstvisittothelodge?A.HewentthereinsearchoftheAurora. B.Heneededequipmenttokeephimwarm.C.Hewasforcedtherebytheweather. D.Hehadtomakehisfoodsupplythere.37.Thephrase“oldhat”in3rdparagraphprobablymean“________”.A.severeandstruggling B.familiarandunexcitingC.strangeandshocking D.mysteriousandadventurous38.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorthatmakesAbiskoanidealplacetoviewtheAurora?A.Thereisamountainviewingplatform. B.Weatherforecastsareavailable.C.Therearenocitylightsnearby. D.Thereisacaféshopthere.39.Theauthor’soverallopinionofAbiskoisthat________.A.despitethesevereweather,it’sanimpressiveplaceB.peoplehaveoverestimateditspopularityC.it’snotaspopularasitdeservestobeD.thecoldweatherworsenstheAuroraviewingexperiencethere【答案】36.C37.B38.D39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了瑞典的阿比斯科，那是一個(gè)觀賞極光的理想地點(diǎn)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ThisisAbiskoMountainStation,perhapsthecrownjeweloftheSwedishmountainlodges(小屋).(這是阿比斯科山站，也許是瑞典山小屋中皇冠上的明珠)”及第二段中的“LastAutumn,aheavysnowstormtrappedmeinmytentfordaysandeventuallyforcedmetogotothestation,acomfortableplace.IdiscoveredadifferentsidetoAbisko.(去年秋天,一場暴風(fēng)雪困在我?guī)づ駭?shù)日,最終迫使我去車站,一個(gè)舒適的地方。我發(fā)現(xiàn)了阿比斯科的另一面)”可推知，作者第一次去小屋，因?yàn)樗潜惶鞖獗频侥抢锏?。故選C?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“butfortherestofusitisanunforgettableexperience.Thelightshereweresoappealingtouswequicklyforgotthediscomfortofthecold.(但對(duì)我們其他人來說，這是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。這里的光如此吸引我們，我們很快就忘記了寒冷的不適)”可知，上下文存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。由此推知，極光對(duì)于那些生活在遙遠(yuǎn)北方的人來說可能已經(jīng)很熟悉了、不再有吸引力。由此可知，劃線詞組oldhat與familiarandunexciting(熟悉而乏味)意思接近。故選B?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“AbiskohasalottooffertomakeitanidealplacetoviewtheAurora.Itisfarfromanycitylights.ThestationoperatesaskilifttothetopofNuoljaPeak,morethan3,000feethigh.Forthefirsttimethisyear,acafeatthetopofthemountainhasbeenturnedintoaviewingplatformfortheNorthernLights,calledtheAuroraSkyStation.Also,thestationpostsforecastseachnightofexpectedAuroraactivity,collectedfromscientificobservationsarrivingviacomputer,sovisitorsmaychoosethebestviewingtime.(阿比斯科有很多可以提供的東西，使它成為觀賞極光的理想地點(diǎn)。它遠(yuǎn)離任何城市的燈光。該車站設(shè)有一條滑雪纜車，可直達(dá)3000多英尺高的諾奧爾加峰。今年，山頂上的一家咖啡館首次被改造成北極光的觀景臺(tái)，被稱為極光天空站。此外，氣象站每天晚上都會(huì)發(fā)布預(yù)計(jì)極光活動(dòng)的預(yù)測，這些預(yù)測是通過計(jì)算機(jī)收集的科學(xué)觀測數(shù)據(jù)，因此游客可以選擇最佳觀賞時(shí)間)”可知，“阿比斯科有一家咖啡館”不是使阿比斯科成為觀賞極光的理想地點(diǎn)的因素。故選D。【39題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I’mbackforasecondtimetothisremote,scenicspot.(這是我第二次回到這個(gè)偏僻的風(fēng)景區(qū))”，第三段中的“Thelightshereweresoappealingtouswequicklyforgotthediscomfortofthecold.(這里的光如此吸引我們，我們很快就忘記了寒冷的不適)”及最后一段中的“AbiskohasalottooffertomakeitanidealplacetoviewtheAurora.(阿比斯科有很多可以提供的東西，使它成為觀賞極光的理想地點(diǎn))”可推知，作者對(duì)阿比斯科的總體看法是，盡管天氣惡劣，但這是一個(gè)令人印象深刻的地方。故選A。(B)(Youmayreadthequestionsfirst.)FourtypesoflearnersTypeALearnerPeopleinthisgroupadaptobservationsintocomplexbutlogicaltheories.Theythinkproblemsthroughinalogicalway.Theytendtobeperfectionistswhowon’tresteasyuntileverythingisreasonable.Theyliketoanalyzeandarekeenonbasicprinciplesandtheories.Theypaygreatattentiontologic,soquestionstheyfrequentlyaskare:“________________”,and“Howdoesthisgowiththat?”.Theytendtobeobjective,approachingproblemsinaconsistentlylogicalmanner.Thisistheir“mentalset”andtheyrejectanythingthatconflictswithit.Theyprefertomaximizecertaintyandfeeluncomfortablewithsubjectivejudgements.TypeBLearnerThesepeoplearekeenontryingoutideas,theoriesandtechniquestoseeiftheyworkinpractice.Theypositivelysearchoutnewideasandtakethefirstopportunitytoexperimentwithapplications.Theywanttotryoutthenewideasinthecoursesinpractice.Theyalsotendtobeimpatientwithrandomdiscussions,andtheirattentionsoonbeginstowanderiftheyfeeltheyaregoingroundincircles.Theyarepractical,downtoearthandlikemakingpracticaldecisionsandsolvingproblems.Theyseeproblemsandopportunitiesasachallenge,andtheirphilosophyis:“Thereisalwaysabetterway”and“Ifitworks,it’sgood”.TypeCLearnerPeopleinthisgroupinvolvethemselvesfullyinnewexperiences.Theyareopen-minded,andthistendstomakethementhusiasticaboutanythingnew.Theirphilosophyis:“I’lltryanythingonce”,sotheytendtoactfirstandconsidertheconsequencesafterwards.Theirdaysarefilledwithactivities.Assoonastheexcitementfromoneactivityhasdieddowntheyarebusylookingforthenext,astheyareonlyinterestedingainingnewexperiencesbutareboredwithcarryingouttheirplansandtheylackperseverance.Theyconstantlyinvolvethemselveswithothersbut,indoingso,theyseektocenterallactivitiesaroundthemselves.TypeDLearnerTheycollectdata,bothfirst-handandfromothers,andprefertothinkaboutitthoroughlybeforecomingtoaconclusion.Thethoroughcollectionandanalysisofdataaboutexperiencesandeventsiswhatcountssotheytendtopostponemakingdefinitivejudgmentsforaslongaspossible.Theirphilosophyistobecautious.Theyliketoconsiderallpossibleanglesbeforemakingamove,andwillbereluctanttobecomeinvolvedinactivitiesthatothersputforwardwithouthavingcarefullyconsideredthelikelyoutcome.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputintotheblankinthefirstparagraph?A.Doweneedmoreexperiments? B.Doyouunderstandme?C.Doyoubelievethetheory? D.Doesitmakesense?41.SupposeJohnisapersonwithfreshideasandwillingtocheckeverythingouttoseewhathappens.WhichtypeoflearnerisJohn?A.TypeALearner B.TypeBLearnerC.TypeCLearner D.TypeDLearner42WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutTypeDlearner?A.Theyarekeenonmakingimmediateconclusion.B.Theirconclusioncomesafterdataanalysis.C.Theyoutlineapossibleoutcomebeforetakinganactivity.D.Theyprefernottogiveouttheirviewpointsrandomly.【答案】40.D41.B42.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了四種類型的學(xué)習(xí)者?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)設(shè)空處上文“Theypaygreatattentiontologic,soquestionstheyfrequentlyaskare(他們非常注重邏輯，所以他們經(jīng)常問的問題是)”及下文“Howdoesthisgowiththat?(這個(gè)和那個(gè)怎么搭配？)”可知，A型學(xué)習(xí)者注重邏輯分析及實(shí)用性。由此推知，Doesitmakesense?(這有意義嗎？)屬于A型學(xué)習(xí)者會(huì)問的問題，可以放在第一段的空白處。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TypeBLearner部分中的“Thesepeoplearekeenontryingoutideas,theoriesandtechniquestoseeiftheyworkinpractice.Theypositivelysearchoutnewideasandtakethefirstopportunitytoexperimentwithapplications.Theywanttotryoutthenewideasinthecoursesinpractice.(這些人熱衷于嘗試想法、理論和技術(shù)，看看它們?cè)趯?shí)踐中是否有效。他們積極地尋找新的想法，并抓住第一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)。他們想在實(shí)踐中試驗(yàn)課程中的新思想)”可知，假設(shè)約翰是一個(gè)有新想法的人，他愿意檢查每件事，看看會(huì)發(fā)生什么，那么約翰屬于B型學(xué)習(xí)者。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TypeDLearner部分的“Theycollectdata,bothfirst-handandfromothers,andprefertothinkaboutitthoroughlybeforecomingtoaconclusion.Thethoroughcollectionandanalysisofdataaboutexperiencesandeventsiswhatcountssotheytendtopostponemakingdefinitivejudgmentsforaslongaspossible.Theirphilosophyistobecautious.(他們收集第一手和他人的數(shù)據(jù)，更喜歡在得出結(jié)論之前仔細(xì)思考。對(duì)經(jīng)歷和事件的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行徹底的收集和分析是最重要的，所以他們傾向于盡可能地推遲做出明確的判斷。他們的哲學(xué)是謹(jǐn)慎)”可知，D型學(xué)習(xí)者非常謹(jǐn)慎。由此可知，“他們熱衷于立即作出結(jié)論”的表述不正確。故選A。(C)Inrecentyears,alotof“businessthinking”bookshavebeenpublished,allofwhichsearchfornewanswersonhowtoruno