10 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).ppt

1、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 定義： 表示某動(dòng)作從_開始，一直延續(xù)到_，并將持續(xù)下去，常和表示_的狀語連用。 構(gòu)成 肯定句：主語+have/has been + 動(dòng)詞ing +. 否定句：主語+have/has +not +been +動(dòng)詞ing +. 一般疑問句：助動(dòng)詞have/has+主語+ 動(dòng)詞ing？ 時(shí)間狀語: 1. for + _ 2. since + _ 3. since + _,過去,現(xiàn)在,一段時(shí)間,一段時(shí)間,一般過去時(shí)的句子,過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),Ive been studying English for two years. Ive been studying English since two

2、 years ago. He has been collecting shells since he was ten.,否定句：主語+have / has+not +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞) I havent been writing the letter for two hours. He hasnt been sleeping for 4 hours. 一般疑問句：Have / Has +主語+been +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞）? 1. Have you been writing the letter foe two hours? 2. Has he been sleeping for

3、4 hours?,完成句子 1.你上網(wǎng)多久了? How long have you been surfing the Internet? 2.我上網(wǎng)三小時(shí)了。 I have been surfing the Internet for three hours. 3.你什么時(shí)候開始收集貝殼的？ When did you start collecting stamps? 4.我五年前開始收集貝殼的。 I started collecting stamps five years ago.,動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時(shí)一樣） 不規(guī)則變化：見表。,一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):,助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過去

4、分詞構(gòu)成,請(qǐng)把下列屬于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子改成否定句，一般 疑問句，作肯否定回答。 1.He _ already _(do) the job. 否定：He _ the job _. 一般疑問：_ he _ the job _? 肯定否定：Yes, he _./ No, he _. 2.Theyve been in China for 5 years. 就劃線部分提問：How long have they been in China,has,done,hasnt done,yet,Has,done,yet,has,hasnt,二句型,1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have j

5、ust cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just（剛剛）, already（已經(jīng)）, before, yet（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever等狀語連用 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you

6、 milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet.,2。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和 for（段時(shí)間）, since（點(diǎn)時(shí)間） 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.以及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等連用。 I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here

7、 since 1989. 從1989年，,I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,注意點(diǎn)一： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時(shí)

8、間狀語連用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等 試比較： The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。） I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）,Put the f

9、ollowing sentences into English. A: 火車已經(jīng)開走了. B: 什么時(shí)候開走的? A: 半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開走的. A: 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的. A: 你看過這部電影嗎? B: 看過. A: 什么時(shí)候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.,A: The train has left.,B: When did it leave.,A: It left half an hour ago.,A: have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it? B: I sa

10、w it last Sunday.,A: Ive had the book for two years. B: Where did you buy it? A: I bought it in my hometown.,(二)表示一個(gè)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.,短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,短暫性動(dòng)詞: 可與already, yet, ever, never等連用, 但不能與for a day, since last week, how long 連用. 考點(diǎn)三延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞: 常與for a day, since la

11、st week, how long 連用.,短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,buy,have 買,begin,be on,borrow,keep 借,join,be a member of 參加,加入,die,be dead 死,短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,arrive/ come / go,be (in) here / there 到某地,open,be open (adj.) 開,打開,leave,be away 離開,close,be closed 關(guān)閉,marry,be married 結(jié)婚,開始, finish / end,be over 結(jié)束,完成,1.for +,Eg. I have bee

12、n here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段時(shí)間,2. since +,從句(一般過去時(shí)),單詞,詞組,(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注1): since 也可單獨(dú)使用, 表示“自那時(shí)起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語氣. Eg. I have been here (ever) since.

13、 I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.,注2): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注3): 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用, 當(dāng)然也不能用于how long引導(dǎo)的問句中. Eg.(誤)I have

14、 left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,注意點(diǎn)二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago . He ha

15、s been in the Party for five years. He has been a Party member for five years. it is five years since he joined the Party 電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began,1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( ) 2.The film h

16、as begun for 5 minutes.( ),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been on,3. 這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.,4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen

17、ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu) have/ has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 e.g. go went gone do did done 通常用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的詞有： already/ yet/ just/ ever/ never/ since+過去時(shí)/ for+持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間/ in the past+持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間。 e.g. Weve already finished our homework. Hes lived in China since

18、he came to China.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示:1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 的動(dòng)作. 2.過去發(fā)生并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響的事,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)第二關(guān),1.My brother _ the Army for 5 years. A. has joined B. has been in C. has been to 2.In the past ten years the workers _ many houses. A. have built B. had built C. built,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中最麻煩的幾個(gè)詞,since, for和how long (這幾個(gè)詞必須跟持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用) 請(qǐng)判斷以下那些詞

19、是屬于持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 buy B. work C. live D. borrow E. be F. study G. join H. keep I. go J. come K. sleep e.g. Ive lived in China _ 5 years. Hes known you well since you _ here. How long have you _ a member of the Party?,for,came,been,1. Lilei _ the pen for five years. A.has had B.bought C have bought 2.Its thre

20、e years since he the army . A.has joined B.has been in C.joined 3.I have been here _ 4 years. A. since B. for C. from 4. We have learnt English _ six years ago. A. since B. for C. from,單選題,去了還沒有回來,在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與時(shí)段連用 (for，since ),have (has) been in,have( has) been to,曾去過某地（次）現(xiàn)在已不在那里。 可與just, ever

21、, never等連用，,have (has) gone to,have (has) been in, have( has) been to 和have (has) gone to區(qū)別,注意點(diǎn)三：have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法 1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five year

22、s. 他們到加拿大有五年了。 2、have( has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如： They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。 3、have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊?，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦