數(shù)詞、名詞、主謂一致、讀寫綜合、

1、數(shù)詞1. 數(shù)詞的分類基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的多少； 序數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目的順序，其前通常加定冠詞the。2. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 (1) 1-12為獨(dú)立的單數(shù)。如：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve(2) 1319的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen (3) 2090整十位的基數(shù)詞以-ty結(jié)尾。 如：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, s

2、ixty, seventy, eighty, ninety。(4) “幾十幾”由十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間加連字符“-”構(gòu)成。如：36thirty-six；58fifty-eight；(5) 101999的基數(shù)詞由百位數(shù)后加and，再加十位數(shù)或個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如: 365three hundred and sixty-five(6)1000以上基數(shù)詞的表示方法：從右向左用分節(jié)號“，”分節(jié)，每三個(gè)數(shù)字為一節(jié)，第一個(gè)分節(jié)號前用thousand，第二個(gè)分節(jié)號前用million，第三個(gè)分節(jié)號前用billion。如：2,418,000,000two billion, four hundred and eightee

3、n million或two thousand, four hundred and eighteen million。注意：hundred, thousand, million, billion等用在具體的數(shù)字后面時(shí)用單數(shù)；如：three hundred people，fifty thousand trees 當(dāng)thousand, million, billion等前面沒有具體的數(shù)字時(shí)通常用復(fù)數(shù)，并與of連用。hundreds of 數(shù)百的；成百上千的；thousands of 數(shù)千的；成千上萬的；millions of 數(shù)百萬的如：There are hundreds of people wh

4、o need new housing. 3. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1) 第一、第二、第三分別為first, second, third。 (2) 第四至十九都是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。如：fourth, seventh 注意第五、第八、第九和第十二的拼寫有所變化，分別為fifth, twelfth, eighth, ninth。(3)十位數(shù)的序數(shù)詞由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞變y為i，再加上-eth構(gòu)成。如:twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth(4) 第二十一至第九十九的序數(shù)詞只

5、需在個(gè)位數(shù)上采用序數(shù)詞形式，十位、百位、千位以上的數(shù)字均用基數(shù)詞表示。如： 第四十七forty-seventh 第六十五sixty-fifth (5)第一百、第一千、第一百萬分別在相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面加上-th。如: hundredth, thousandth, millionth(6)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式，由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成。如： 第一1st；第二2nd；第四十五45th；第一百零六106th4. 數(shù)詞的其他形式(1) 分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞合成，分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。若分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即序數(shù)詞加-s。帶分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法為“整數(shù)+and+分?jǐn)?shù)”。 12如： one

6、half 或 a half one fourth 或 one (a) quarter three quarters或 three fourths three and five sixths 注意：(1) 和帶分?jǐn)?shù)連用的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： hours three and a half hours或three hours and a half (2). 如果帶分?jǐn)?shù)的整數(shù)部分是1，名詞讀在帶分?jǐn)?shù)之后時(shí)，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；而名詞讀在1與分?jǐn)?shù)之間時(shí)，名詞則用單數(shù)。 如： miles one and a third miles或one (a) mile and a third (2).小數(shù)整數(shù)與小數(shù)之間用小數(shù)點(diǎn)

7、隔開。讀小數(shù)時(shí)，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)字要單獨(dú)讀出。小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point(點(diǎn))，零讀作zero。如果整數(shù)是零,往往不讀出。如： 0.1zero point one或point one 0.03zero point zero three 2.25two point two five14.163fourteen point one six three 注意：與小數(shù)連用的名詞的數(shù)：整數(shù)是零時(shí),名詞用單數(shù)形式,其他情況名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：0.27 metre zero point two seven metre；1.26.metres one point two six metres (3) 百分?jǐn)?shù)用per

8、cent表示。如：5% 5 per cent (縮寫：5.PC)，讀作five percent (4) 時(shí)刻的表達(dá)法分鐘數(shù)+時(shí)鐘數(shù)半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用（含半小時(shí)）“分鐘數(shù)+past+時(shí)鐘數(shù)”，表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”；超過半小時(shí)則用“分鐘數(shù)+to+時(shí)鐘數(shù)”，表示“差幾分鐘到幾點(diǎn)”。 如：7:05five past seven；5:31twenty-nine to six（差29分6點(diǎn)）時(shí)鐘數(shù)+分鐘數(shù) 如：6:30six thirty；5:20 five twenty (5) 年、月、日的表達(dá)法年份用基數(shù)詞,日期用序數(shù)詞。如：2009年5月1日可以寫作May 1(st), 2009，讀作May the fir

9、st, two thousand and nine (或twenty o nine); 也可寫作1(st) May, 2009，讀作the first of May, two thousand and nine (或twenty o nine);也可全用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表達(dá)，但要注意英美差異，英國先寫日子，美國先寫月份。如：6, 8, 2009 =2009年8月6日(英國) ；=2009年6月8日(美國)(6) 電話號碼及編號 用No. +基數(shù)詞。如：1號：No. 1；6路公共汽車：No.6 bus 用the+序數(shù)詞+名詞。如：the fifth lesson 第五課；the First World

10、 War 第一次世界大戰(zhàn) 用名詞（首字母大寫）+基數(shù)詞（若用英語拼寫，首字母要大寫）。如：第一課： Lesson One；四班 Class Four電話號碼：Tel. No. .中考真題演練1. Did you know that the earth is home to_ animals?A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of 2. Please turn to page_ and look at the_ picture in this unit.A. twentieth; one B. twenty; one C. twen

11、tieth; first D. twenty; first3. Football is so exciting that _ people in the world play it.A. million ofB. millions ofC. two millions of4. Now, everybody, please turn to Page _ and look at the _ picture. A. Fifth; five B. Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifthD. Five; five 5. Do you have enough students to cle

12、an the laboratory? No, I think we need _ students. A. anotherB. two others C. more two D. two more 6. The government of Chongqing is building _ cheap and good houses for the people. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of . 7. How many teachers are there in your school? _, but Im not

13、 sure. A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred 8. The river is very long and it is about _.A. 20 metres wide B. 15 metres long C. 30 metres high D. 50 metres tall9. Eight _ students in our school are from countryside.A hundredsB hundred C hundreds of D hundred of10. _ trees were cut dow

14、n. And many birds lost their home. A. Two thousands B. Thousands of C. Thousand of 11. My father will have _ holiday next month. Hell take me to Qingdao.A. ten days B. ten days C. ten-days D. ten days12. Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake? A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D.

15、two-days 3. I dont believe that this _ boy can paint such a nice picture.A. five years oldB. five-years-oldC. five-year-old14. Each of us has to write a _ report every two weeks. A. two-hundred-wordB. two-hundreds-wordC. two-hundreds-words D. two-hundred-words 名詞一、名詞的分類名詞專有名詞普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名

16、詞抽象名詞1. 專有名詞表示人物、地方、國家、組織、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名稱的詞。如: Tom, China, Qingdao University, the Great Wall特性： 與其所表示的事物一一對應(yīng)。 實(shí)詞的首字母要大寫。2. 普通名詞泛指一類人或事物的名稱的詞。如: student, girl, money分類：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞：可以直接用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)的詞。 如: boy, girl不可數(shù)名詞：不能直接用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)的詞。 如: water, money, bread可數(shù)名詞包括：個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞個(gè)體名詞：表示單個(gè)的人或事物的名稱的詞。如: book, actor集體名詞：表示由若

17、干人或事物組成的集合體的名稱的詞。如：family, class不可數(shù)名詞包括：物質(zhì)名詞和抽像名詞物質(zhì)名詞：表示構(gòu)成世上萬物的物質(zhì)或材料名稱的詞。如: water, wood, paper, air抽像名詞：表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、情感等抽像概念名稱的詞。如：fun, happiness, health, weather, news二.名詞的數(shù)1. 規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成。(1) 一般情況下直接加-s。在清輔音后讀/s/，在元音和濁輔音后讀/z/。如：cooks, pens, boys(2) 以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-es,讀/Iz/。如：buses, boxes, inches

18、(英寸)(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，y變成i，再加es，讀/z/。如：lady-ladies, story-stories注意：以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，直接加s。 如：boy-boys(4) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞。一般直接加s讀/z/。 如： radio-radios, photo-photos, zoo-zoos, piano-pianos 少數(shù)加es, 讀/z/。如：hero-heroes, negro-negroes , tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes 兩種情況均可。如：zero-zeros/zeroes(5) 以f/fe結(jié)尾的詞。 一般將f/fe變?yōu)関

19、,再加es,讀/vz/。如：wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, self, life, half, leaf 妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)， 小偷(thief)嚇得發(fā)了慌； 躲在架(shelf)后保己（self)命(life)， 半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光。 有些直接加s，讀/s/。如：roof（房頂）-roofs, belief（信仰）-beliefs, safe(保險(xiǎn)箱)-safes 個(gè)別有兩種形式。 如：handkerchief（手帕）-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves(6) 字母、符號、數(shù)字等復(fù)數(shù)

20、的構(gòu)成通常在其后加s。如：There are two ts in teeth.在teeth這個(gè)單詞里有兩個(gè)t。 There are three 8s in this number. 在這個(gè)數(shù)字里有3個(gè)8。2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成。(1) 變內(nèi)部元音。如： man-men, woman-women, tooth-teeth(2) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, jin(斤）, yuan（元)(3) 無規(guī)則變化。如：mouse-mice, child-children 3.復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成(1) 有中心詞（主要名詞）時(shí)，通常將中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：stor

21、y-tellerstory-tellersmother-in-law（岳母） mothers-in-law passer-bypassers-bylooker-onlookers-on(2) 沒有(主要)名詞時(shí)，在詞尾加s。如: grown-up grown-upsgo-between(中間人) go-betweens(3)由man/woman加其他名詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)前后都變。如：man driver-men drivers,woman writer-women writers 注意：boy/girl student - boy/girl students， German-German

22、s(4)表示“某國人”的名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。“中日瑞不變英法變，其它國把-s加后面”。如：Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-AmericansAustralian-AustraliansCanadian-CanadiansKorean-KoreansRussian-RussiansIndian-Indians三、名詞所有格名詞所有格表示所有關(guān)系。如: Toms cat分類： s所有格，of所有格和雙重所有格1. s所有格(1) s所有格的構(gòu)

23、成通常在名詞后加s，如果詞尾已有s，則直接加。如：the girls books那個(gè)女孩的書 the boys books那些男孩子們的書(2)s所有格的運(yùn)用 多用于表示有生命的人或動物的名詞。 如：Jims bike, Marys skirt 也可用于表示時(shí)間、空間、距離、價(jià)格、重量等無生命的名詞。 如： the citys history, three days time, the books author, todays newspaper比較: Mary and Jeans room 兩人共有的房間 Marys and Jeans rooms兩人各自的房間(3) s所有格后名詞的省略

24、前面出現(xiàn)的名詞，可以省略。如：This MP5 is Marys. 其后的名詞表示某人的家、辦公場所時(shí)可以省略。如：He stayed at Johns last night. The boy went to the barbers. 2. of所有格的運(yùn)用 主要用于無生命的名詞。如：the leg of the table, the top of the mountain 也可用于表示人或動物的名詞。如： the pride of her family the daughter of a policeman3. s所有格和of所有格的比較 兩者很多情況下可以通用。如：the films en

25、d=the end of the film the young peoples education =the education of the young people 表示類別屬性時(shí)通常用s。如： womens clothes childrens books 名詞以“the+形容詞/分詞”的形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，通常用of所有格。如：the problem of the young年青人的問題；the children of the killed被殺害者的孩子3. 雙重所有格 雙重所有格是s所有格和of所有格的結(jié)合，通常表示“許多中的一個(gè)或一部分”。如： a friend of Marys some

26、books of our teachers四.不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞不能直接用數(shù)字計(jì)數(shù)，表示不可數(shù)名詞的量常用以下三種方法： (1)用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等來表示。如： much water；a lot of money；a little milk；plenty of rice；some orange juice(2). 用容器來表示。 如：a cup of coffee, two pots of water, ten bags of rice, six boxes of ink(3)用計(jì)量

27、單位來表示。如：a loaf/slice of bread(一塊/片面包), a grain of rice, a piece of paper五.名詞的語法功能1. 作主語 如：A teacher must be patient.2. 作賓語 如：I like English. 3. 作表語 如：He is a student. 4. 作定語 如：These are apple trees.5. 作賓補(bǔ) 如：We call him Tom. 名詞作定語的注意事項(xiàng)：(1)名詞作定語時(shí)通常用單數(shù)如： shoe factory, flower shop(2) “數(shù)詞-名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作定語時(shí)，名詞也要用

28、單數(shù)。如：an eight-hour sleep a nine-year-old girl(3) 少數(shù)名詞習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)。如：sports car, parents meeting.中考真題演練1. Its a good _to have breakfast every morning.A. hobby B. job C. menu D. skill2. The _often eat grass on the hill.A. chicken B. horse C. cow D. sheep3. How many_do we need to make fruit salad? Two should

29、 be enough. A. cabbage B. potatoes C.bananas D.lemon4.Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly?Yes, I think a_tree can help you a lot. A. grammar B. equation C. punctuation D. vocabulary5. Jeremy Lin is the first Chinese-American basketball_in the NBA. He is a little different from Yao Mi

30、ng. A. dancer B. player C. watcher 6. You look so healthy. Yeah, I like eating apples. An apple a day keeps the _ away. A. teacherB. workerC. farmerD. doctor 7. Could you please get me some _? Im hungry. A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg 8. As young adults, it is our_to try our best to deal with eac

31、h challenge in our education with the help of our teacher.A. work B. job C. duty D. task9. Work hard, and you will get good _. A. lessons B. notes C. grades D. answers 10. I am tired after a long walk. I want to have a _. A. talk B. look C. party D. rest 11. Im thirsty. May I have something to drink

32、? OK. Heres some _. A. rice B. bread C. water 12. Excuse me, where can I exchange _? There is a bank on the second floor. A. books B. food C. money D. stamps 13. Peter regards Liaocheng as his second _ because he has lived here for 10 years. A. family B. house C. home D. room 14. I have great_ in le

33、arning math and Im so worried. Could you help me?Sure. Id be glad to.A. troubleB. interestC. joyD. fun15. Yao Ming is very popular among the teenagers. Yes. Many middle school students are his _. A. heroes B. stars C. fans D. brother讀寫綜合(一)難度：A.信息歸納請閱讀下面這篇文章，根據(jù)所提供的信息，完成下面表格。Did you watch the 2012 Lo

34、ndon Olympic Games? If you did, you must know a person who changed mens swimming history of China and set a new world record for us.Yes, thats Sun Yang who gave us lots of surprise by winning two Olympic gold medals in swimming.Sun Yang became the first Chinese male swimmer to earn a gold medal as h

35、e won the 400m freestyle with an Olympic record in London on July 28th, 2012.It is the first gold medal a Chinese swimmer has ever won in the Olympic history.All of the Chinese are proud of him.He is the hero of the whole China.Sun Yang was born on December 1st, 1991 in Zhejiang.He is 198cm tall and

36、 89kg in weight.Sun Yangs hobbies are singing and reading.Sun Yang loved sports when he was very young.He kept training hard every day and that is why he has made such great achievements.Now nearly every Chinese knows him.When he goes anywhere, he must be followed by his fans, which makes his life l

37、ess convenient and difficult, but he is very rich.So do you want to be a person like him?Information CardThe time Sun Yang changed mens swimming history of China(1)_.Where was the 2012 Olympics held？(2)_.The number of gold medals he got at the Olympics(3)_.When was Sun Yang born？(4)_.Sun Yangs hobbi

38、es(5)_.B.書面表達(dá) 中國在2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會贏得了38枚金牌，所有中國人都為此而感到驕傲。假設(shè)你是一名叫李明(Li Ming)的中學(xué)生，你也很熱愛運(yùn)動，擅長運(yùn)動。請你用英語寫一篇文章，內(nèi)容包括：1.你的特長和愛好。2.你想成為專業(yè)運(yùn)動員(professional athlete)，但你的父母不同意，請你闡述利弊。3.請談?wù)撃銓⑷绾螢閷?shí)現(xiàn)你的夢想而努力，并堅(jiān)信你的夢想一定會成真。作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出現(xiàn)學(xué)校真實(shí)的名稱和學(xué)生的真實(shí)姓名。2.語句連貫，詞數(shù)80個(gè)左右。 (二) 難度：A.信息歸納請閱讀下面這篇文章，根據(jù)所提供的信息，完成下面表格?！癢ho needs a

39、 shopping mall if you have Taobao？” says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing.Taobao, Chinas largest online shopping site, has become an important part of Wang Lins life.She spends lots of money on Taobao.A growing number of Chinese Internet users like Wang have found the joys of online shopping.Most o

40、nline shoppers are students or young workers.More women shop online than men.Clothing and homeuse products (產(chǎn)品) are the most popular online.It was reported that more than 250 billion yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao. Taobao means “l(fā)ooking for treasure” in Chinese. Peop

41、le can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.“You may question the security of online shopping，” Wang Lin said.“Its very safe and convenient.Unless you receive the products from sellers and are satisfied with them, the shop owner will not get the money.You can also get your money back if you want to return the product.”Information CardJob of Wang Lin(1)_.Most online shoppers are(2)_.The most popular products online(3)_.In Chinese Taobao means(4)_.The reason why Wang Lin likes shopping online (5)_.B.書面表達(dá)隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展和普及，網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物在中國也變得越來越普遍了，甚至已