大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo)ppt.ppt

1、大學(xué)英語四六級(jí)考試輔導(dǎo),1,Proverbs,IcanbecauseIthinkIcan.我行，因?yàn)槲蚁嘈盼倚校?Neversaydie.永不氣餒! Neverputoffwhatyoucandotoday untiltomorrow.今日事今日畢。 Thebestpreparationfortomorrowis doingyourbesttoday.對(duì)明天做好的準(zhǔn)備就是今天做到最好！,2,Writing,完整性（completeness）； 統(tǒng)一性（unity）； 連貫性（coherence ）同一時(shí)態(tài)、邏輯順序、連貫詞、重復(fù)詞、指代詞. 主題句、關(guān)鍵詞.,3,在作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中字?jǐn)?shù)也是一個(gè)

2、要求。四、六級(jí)的作文要求是要寫出120150字。四、六級(jí)作文大都是三段式。如果我們?cè)诿恳欢沃袑懮纤木湓?，即主題句加兩三句擴(kuò)展句和一個(gè)結(jié)論句就可以了。這樣全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多個(gè)詞，這樣就是120150字。同時(shí)，不能寫得太多，寫得多容易跑題。在寫作時(shí)，我們要橫向?qū)懽?，即寫某一問題的橫段面。例如，上面健康的重要性，只寫四句就可以了。第一句主題句，第二句從正面論述，第三句從反面論述，第四句為結(jié)論句。但有的同學(xué)在寫的時(shí)候說“健康非常重要，”然后就寫“吃波萊非常重要”，因?yàn)椴ú撕胸S富的鐵，鐵對(duì)人是非常重要的，因?yàn)?這樣的作文的基本模式是ABBCCDDE以此類推。這就叫流水賬，沒有中心。我們寫作時(shí)

3、要根據(jù)橫段面去寫，而不要寫成流水賬。避免寫成流水賬的方法是不要就前一句中的一個(gè)非重點(diǎn)詞再進(jìn)行描述。而要對(duì)主題句從橫段面去寫，寫完一個(gè)橫段面就不要再對(duì)這一橫段面進(jìn)行闡述了，應(yīng)當(dāng)去寫另一個(gè)橫段面。 如果我們感覺字?jǐn)?shù)不夠，就在每一句或某些句子上添加些詞就行了。例如我們感覺上邊第二段不夠長，就可以這樣來加詞：,十二句作文法,4,主題句There are four ways to keep fit. - There are four or more ways to keep fit for every one of us.從幾方面說明: First, we should have our breakfa

4、st in the morning. - Firstly, we should have our breakfast, such as milk, eggs, bread and so on, in the morning. Second, we should have a nap at noon. - Secondly, we should have a short nap, even 30 minutes, at noon. Third, sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. - Thirdly, sports exercises

5、 are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music. - And fourthly, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and classic music. 這樣以來，只要保持本句的主體不變加添一些次要詞

6、就能達(dá)到字?jǐn)?shù)的規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,5,大學(xué)四級(jí)考試寫作要求是文章切題（要求考生寫的作文不跑題）、條理清楚（每段的議論正反清楚）、語言準(zhǔn)確（語法、詞匯使用正確，符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣）、字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求（不少于120詞）。 一、確保文章切題的兩大技巧： 審題：這是看到作文題目后第一件要做的事情，也是很重要的一件事。審題要著重解決以下兩個(gè)問題： 體裁：四級(jí)考題主要包括議論文、說明文和描述文三種體裁，就考試趨勢(shì)來看，其作文不是單一的體裁而是多種體裁的綜合體。,快速成文口訣和快速成文模式,6,確定主題句 主題句是寫作不跑題的重要環(huán)節(jié)。四級(jí)考試多是提綱式作文，我們可以將中文提綱中的各句譯成英語作為主題句。如上例各段主題句

7、分別為： 1It is very necessary to get to know the world outside 2There are several ways to get to know the world outside 3To me，I will take the following ways： 另外，有時(shí)提綱為簡短的英文要求句，如上例也可以這樣出題： 1Necessity of getting to know the world outside 2Ways to do it. 3My own practice 這是我們的對(duì)策是將其進(jìn)行變換，使之成為主題句，擴(kuò)展形式與前同。,7,

8、二、確保條理清楚技巧： 1議論文：正反論述要有條理。如上例第一段可以這樣寫：主題句(It is very necessary to get to know The world outside)+正面(Familiar with the world outside，we can)+反面(Otherwise，we will)。 2說明文：各列條要清楚。如上例第二段可以這樣寫：主題句(There are two ways to know the world)+舉例(Firstly Secondly )注意：舉例列條時(shí)最好選出很簡潔的連詞或副詞，這樣會(huì)使文章寫得更有條有理。 3描述文：怎么做要有條理。

9、如上例第三段可以這樣寫：主題句(To me，I will take the following ways)+具體描述注意：主語要保持一致。,8,三、確保字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求的快速成文口訣：橫向?qū)懽髡凑撌鲋黝}不 變添非重點(diǎn)詞。 1.橫向?qū)懽鳎褐竾@一個(gè)主題進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，一段只有一個(gè)中心。四級(jí)作文多是三段式，可在每一段中采用“主題句+兩三句擴(kuò)展句+一句結(jié)論句”的模式。其中結(jié)論句多出現(xiàn)在議論文的體裁中。 2正、反論述。在實(shí)際考試時(shí)考生通常會(huì)由于緊張或平時(shí)積累不夠而感覺無法對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行充分的論證。這時(shí)就可采用正、反論述的方法快速成文。 3主題不變，添非重點(diǎn)詞。若感覺字?jǐn)?shù)仍不夠，可在保持主題不變的情況下，添加一些

10、非重點(diǎn)詞。如上例第三段：,9,There are two ways (for us)to know the world outside (out of the campus)(主題句)Firstly，we may take the advantage of the media，such as reading the newspaper，(watching the television)，surfing on the internet and so on. (擴(kuò)展句一)Secondly，its also good to take a parttime job，such as tutoring (

11、or working for a software company) (擴(kuò)展句二)(Any of these methods will enable us to get in touch with society)(結(jié)論句),10,1現(xiàn)象分析,解決問題型: 第一段：Its a common phenomenon thatWe often hear thatMore and more attention has been focused on the problem ofThe whole society should pay close attention to the problem of+

12、問題The first reason is thatFirstly+理由一BesidesSecondly+理由二(或It brings not onlyIts results may be+后果一But alsoIt will also bring the changes to our society such as+后果二) 第二段：As the reasons above，we should do something such asWhen we think about it，we find three constructive solutionsFirst，People have fig

13、ured out many ways to solve the problemFirstly+解決方法一We can alsoSecondSecondly+解決方法二+And finally+解決方法三 第三段：Personally，I believe thatIn my opinionI think thatTo meI will take the following ways to solve the problemIn my view+我的看法,快速成文模式,11,2. 正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比型 第段：Some peopleperson holdthinkinsisttend to thinksa

14、y that+觀點(diǎn)They point outbelieve that+理由一SecondlyAdditionally+理由二 第二段：On the contraryHowever，Other people hold the view+觀點(diǎn)二They argue that+理由一Whats more +理由二 第三段：In my opinionSo far as I am concernedI thinkAs for me+我的觀點(diǎn)The reason is that+理由一。 And also十理由 So+結(jié)論,12,道理論證型 第一段：People believe in the prove

15、rb+諺語owing to the moral it teaches；+諺語內(nèi)涵 第二段：An example of this case isExamples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb+舉例 第三段：In a word+結(jié)論,13,圖表題 第一段：As we can see fromAccording toAs shown in the chartgraphdiagram，there is a minimals1ightsmallsteepdramaticrapid suddensteadyslowgradualsh

16、arp increase risedecreasedeclinefluctuationreductiondroop of+圖表描述對(duì)象 第二段：There are three mainly reasons responsible for this instanceFor one thing+理由一。For another+理由二The last but not the least thing is that+理由三 第三段：Although this graphcharttablediagram may not predict the entire situation in the futur

17、e，I believe+預(yù)測(cè)?；騎o solve this problem，there are a lot of things for us to do+建議,14,I. Should Education Be Commercialized? l. 近些年社會(huì)上出現(xiàn)了教育商業(yè)化的趨勢(shì) 2. 有些人認(rèn)為教育可以也應(yīng)該商業(yè)化，有些人則持相反意見 3. 我的看法,With the fast development of economy, there is a tendency that education is becoming commercialized. People begin to ass

18、ociate education with money and believe that education can bring profit.,命題作文示例,15,Different people hold different attitudes towards this phenomenon. Some people think that education should be Commercialized because in market economy everything should be connected with money, otherwise, it cant catc

19、h the development of society and will lag behind. On the contrary, some people are against this opinion. They think that the function of education is just to educate young people, help them gain knowledge and help them grow in the right way. If education becomes materialized, it might be misleading.

20、,16,In my opinion, education should keep its original principle, that is, to educate people. Too much commercialization in education can be harmful to the individuals and the society in the long run.,17,II. The Long Holidays 1長假給大學(xué)生帶來的好處 2長假可能給大學(xué)生帶來的問題 3我應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣過好長假,The long holidays will do good to co

21、llege students. Firstly, they may take this opportunity to go for a travel or do something they like so that they can have a good rest in the middle of the term. Secondly, they can choose to take some short training courses to enlarge their knowledge. Thirdly, they may also choose to take a part-tim

22、e job to get working experiences.,18,The long holidays can bring some problems as well. For example, there might be safety problems when students travel home or other places. And long holidays cost students a lot of extra money. Moreover, study might be affected during and after the holidays. This i

23、s how I am going to spend the long holidays. I will first have a good rest, then try to entertain myself by novels and music. For the rest of the holidays, I want to review what I have learned while helping my parents do some housework.,19,III. Income Gap 1現(xiàn)今，國內(nèi)收入差距越來越大 2產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因 3我的看法,There has be

24、en a heated discussion over the growing income gap nowadays. This is a huge social issue in China and even around the world.,20,I think there are at least two reasons mainly responsible for this phenomenon. First, the economic development in China is unbalanced. There is a big gap between the develo

25、pment of different regions, and the same difference remains between cities and the rural areas. Secondly, the education backgrounds differ much among Chinese citizens. People have access to higher education to get far more salary than those less educated. Considering these situations, I think the go

26、vernment should focus more on the economic development of the underdeveloped areas. And at the same time, education should be made more accessible to everyone.,21,(WTO),英語常見錯(cuò)誤,語句與篇章,22,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,一不一致（Disagreements） 所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等 例Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto. (人一旦有了錢，他就

27、能想干什么就干什么) 剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致 改為：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo) 二修飾語錯(cuò)位（MisplacedModifiers） 英語與漢語不同，同一個(gè)修飾語置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解例. IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus. 剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末,23,英語寫

28、作常見錯(cuò)誤,三句子不完整（SentenceFragments） 在口語中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解可是書面語就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時(shí)發(fā)生 例Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon. 剖析：本句后半部分forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語，不能獨(dú)立成句 改為：Therearemanywaystoknowsoci

29、ety,forexample, byTV,radio,andnewspaper.,24,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,四懸垂修飾語（DanglingModifiers） 所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.這句中“attheageoften”只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒有說明”誰”十歲時(shí)按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了 改為： WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied. 例 Todowellincollege,goodgradesareess

30、ential. 剖析：句中不定式短語“todowellincollege”的邏輯主語不清楚 改為： Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.,25,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,五詞性誤用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech) “詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等 例 Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney. 剖析：negative系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。 改為： Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.,26,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,六指代不清(AmbiguousReferen

31、ceofPronouns) 指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句： Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid. (瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩? 讀完上面這一句話，讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚，誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為： Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid. 例Andwecan

32、alsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself. 剖析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為： Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.,27,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,七 串句 (Run-on Sentences) 什么叫run-on sentence? 請(qǐng)看下面的例句。There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside

33、 world.” 簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。應(yīng)該改為：,There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.,28,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,八措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction) Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語的問題，由于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們

34、往往隨心所欲，拿來就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。例如：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. 顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物” 誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“the increasing use ” 應(yīng)改為“abusive use (濫用)”。應(yīng)該改為：,The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.,29,英語寫作常見

35、錯(cuò)誤,九 累贅(Redundancy) 言以簡潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫段落沒有一個(gè)無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him. 再如 For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be u

36、sed to buy the thing they need. 整個(gè)句子可以大大簡化。改為：,Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.,30,英語寫作常見錯(cuò)誤,十 不連貫(Incoherence) 不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是學(xué)生常犯的毛病。再如：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. The fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。應(yīng)改為：,Fresh

37、water is the most important thing in the world.,31,Fast reading,快速閱讀測(cè)試的是考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)利用skimming 和scanning的能力,掌握閱讀材料的大意,并根據(jù)其后的問題找到相關(guān)事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行答題. 要求:15分鐘閱讀1000詞的英語文章,并回答10個(gè)問題.1-7題為Y, N, NG是非判斷題,8-10為填空題,32,總的解題思路: 1.通讀文章開頭,結(jié)尾及各個(gè)小標(biāo)題或每段的第1,2句和最后一句,從而弄清文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和大意 2.正確理解題目所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,找出關(guān)鍵詞語,確定題眼.特別注意人物,時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),數(shù)字等信息 3.將

38、題眼內(nèi)容與文章各部分小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容對(duì)比,大概定位該題在哪個(gè)部分提及 4.閱讀相關(guān)部分內(nèi)容,準(zhǔn)確定位有關(guān)信息.對(duì)于是非判斷題,對(duì)照原文與題目,特別注意原文與題目中句式的變化,確定題目的陳述準(zhǔn)確與否,對(duì)于句子填空題,分析空白處需填入的詞性,再對(duì)照原文,找到相關(guān)答案.,33,命題規(guī)律1: 尋找與數(shù)字相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié) 技巧:借助題目中的數(shù)字定位信息源.數(shù)字在文章中通常以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字形式出現(xiàn),顯得比較突出,可以根據(jù)數(shù)字定位相關(guān)信息 如:Q: The internet was created in the 1990s.,命題規(guī)律2: 尋找與人名,地名等專有名詞相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié) 技巧:借助題目尋找與人名,地名等專有名詞定位

39、信息源.這類專有名詞都以大寫字母開頭,顯得比較突出,容易尋找.因此可以將人名,地名等專有名詞作為題眼定位相關(guān)信息 如:Q: The No-aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city.,34,命題規(guī)律3: 尋找事物的性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系 技巧:借助題目中形容詞.副詞或其比較級(jí),最高級(jí)定位信息源.如果題目要求確定某個(gè)事物的范圍,程度或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系,那么形容詞.副詞或其比較級(jí),最高級(jí)就可以成為該題的題眼.根據(jù)題眼先在原文定位信息源,在對(duì)比原文與題目的的陳述,從而判斷正誤 如:Q: Frogs and toads are usually poisonou

40、s.,命題規(guī)律4: 題目中含有特殊印刷體或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 技巧:借助特殊印刷體或標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)定位信息源.特殊印刷體包括大寫,特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)如括號(hào),雙引號(hào)等,比較顯眼容易定位. 如:Q: The “home page” is the first screen of a Web site on the “Net”.,35,是非判斷題解題技巧1: Yes題是原文的同義表達(dá) 技巧:一般來說，題目很少照搬原文,多數(shù)是用同義詞或近義詞改寫,或把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)改成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).這種題答案為Y. 是非判斷題解題技巧2: Yes題是原文的正確推斷或概括 技巧:如果題目是對(duì)原文的某個(gè)段落或幾句話表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行推斷、歸納或總結(jié)而得出的.這種

41、題答案為Y.,是非判斷題解題技巧,36,是非判斷題解題技巧3: No題與原文相反 技巧:如果題目的用詞或結(jié)構(gòu)與原文的意義相反，如反義詞、反義結(jié)構(gòu),not+同義詞等.這種題答案為N.如:,The purpose of a landfill is to bury the trash in such a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry and will not be in contact with air. Under these conditions, trash will not decompose(

42、腐爛) much. A landfill is not like a compost pile, where the purpose is to bury trash in such a way that it will decompose quickly. Q: Landfills are like compost piles in that they speed up decomposition of the buried trash.,like compost piles,not like a compost piles,37,是非判斷題解題技巧4: No題將原文信息張冠李戴 技巧:如果

43、題目將原文中相鄰信息或并列信息的條件、主語謂語或賓語等互換,造成信息張冠李戴.這種題答案為N.,是非判斷題解題技巧5: No題省去原文中表達(dá)不確定的一些詞 技巧:如果題目將原文中不確定的或未經(jīng)證實(shí)的內(nèi)容作為正確的或客觀的來表述,常出現(xiàn)fact, prove等詞.這種題答案為N.,38,是非判斷題解題技巧6: No題改變了原文的條件,范圍，頻率,可能性等 技巧:如果題目改變了原文的從句,包括增加,減少或修改,使題目表示的條件,目的,時(shí)間，方式等與原文不同,1)原文中某些命題或觀點(diǎn)是在一定條件下才成立的，而題目舍棄了這些條件,直接提出命題或表明觀點(diǎn);2)或原文提到兩個(gè)或多個(gè)情況都可以(常有both

44、and, and, or及also等詞),題目是 “必須”或 “只有”其中一個(gè)情況。3)題目也可能改動(dòng)原文的形容詞,副詞如many ,sometimes,unlikely等,常用all,usually, always,impossible等詞代替. 這種題答案為N.,39,是非判斷題解題技巧7: NG題將原文具體化或以個(gè)別代替整體技巧:如果題目中涉及的范圍小于原文涉及的范圍,也就是更具體；或題目將原文所舉例子的特殊現(xiàn)象推廣為普遍現(xiàn)象.這種題答案為NG. Note:判斷是非題一定要以文章為唯一判斷依據(jù)。如果根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷題目的陳述是Y或N,但文章沒有提及,則答案是NG.,是非判斷題解題技巧8 :

45、NG題省去原文中表達(dá)不確定的一些詞技巧:如果題目將原文中不確定的或未經(jīng)證實(shí)的內(nèi)容作為正確的或客觀的來表述,常出現(xiàn)fact, prove等詞.這種題答案為NG.,40,是非判斷題解題技巧9 : NG題隨意比較 技巧:如果原文提及若干事物,但是沒有作出比較,或題目中對(duì)這些事物進(jìn)行了比較，但無從考證.這種題答案為NG. 如:The labor Party was formed early in the twentieth century to safeguard the interest of the common working manThe Liberal Party, on the other

46、 hand, argues that the best way to ensure a fair division of wealth in the country is to allow more freedom to create itJust how the poor are to share in the distribution of this wealth is, however, less well understood. Q:The Liberal Party was formed after the Labor Party.,41,是非判斷題解題技巧10 : NG題指虛為實(shí)

47、技巧:如果原文中作者或某個(gè)人物的目標(biāo)，目的，愿望，誓言等內(nèi)容，在題目中作為客觀事實(shí)陳述（通常文中相關(guān)句子里會(huì)aim,purpose, promise, swear , vow等詞，題目中則省去這些詞）.這種題答案為NG. 如:David promised he would never come back. Q: David never came back.,42,句子填空題解題技巧 : 考查綜合能力 技巧:遵循以下步驟： 1)仔細(xì)閱讀所給出的不完整句子，理解其含義 2)將給出部分進(jìn)行語法分析和判斷，確定未給出部分的語法功能和詞性，是主語,謂語,賓語還是狀語,是名詞,動(dòng)名詞,代詞,形容詞還是動(dòng)詞

48、,副詞,介詞,連詞等. 3)找出給出部分的關(guān)鍵詞,一確定該題所需信息在原文中的準(zhǔn)確位置.特別是題目中的人名地名,時(shí)間,數(shù)字等 4)在原文中的相關(guān)部分選取題目缺失內(nèi)容,即答案. 絕大部分答案來自原文原詞,個(gè)別的可能要對(duì)原文的單詞或結(jié)構(gòu)做出部分改動(dòng),或用自己的語言表述. NOTE:注意語態(tài),時(shí)態(tài),名詞的數(shù),非謂語動(dòng)詞等.,43,其他技巧: 1)通過文章開頭段和各個(gè)小標(biāo)題做判斷主旨大意題,此類題只能是Y或N. 2)出題有順序.因此,準(zhǔn)確定位前一題后,便可順著原文找到下一題的出處.但是,是非判斷題7與填空題8之間不一定有順序。 3)題目中的生詞可以成為找到定位信息源的工具.命題者只是照搬該生詞到題目里

49、面,因此生詞就是題目的題眼,只要在原文中找到這些生詞,相關(guān)信息就能找到.如:Q: The platypus frog became extinct by 1991. 4)區(qū)分N與NG: 題目描述內(nèi)容與原文的相關(guān)內(nèi)容明顯矛盾,相反或不符,則答案為N; 題目與原文之間是一種或然關(guān)系,即題目內(nèi)容可能發(fā)生也可能不發(fā)生,根據(jù)原文難以求證是哪種可能性,則答案為NG.,44,Part III Listening Comprehension,一.對(duì)話部分聽力技巧 二.短文部分聽力技巧 三.復(fù)合式聽寫聽力技巧,45,1.形式：每題一組對(duì)話，通常是一男一女的對(duì)話，一般為兩句。對(duì)話后有一問題，語速為120詞/分。每

50、個(gè)問句間間隔15秒。,2.選材原則。A.為日常生活中的一般對(duì)話，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容不太復(fù)雜。 B.所用詞語不超出大綱規(guī)定的范圍,3.出題形式,一.對(duì)話部分聽力技巧,46,1).固定搭配。指動(dòng)詞短語、介詞短語等的固定搭配。常出現(xiàn)在對(duì)話和短文部分。如不知其固定用法，即便聽清楚了單詞，也不能理解其意思。如：,W: I must go now, my father doesnt allow me to go back later than 9:30.,M:Youd better call him to drive you back. Its raining cats and dogs outside.,Q

51、: Why does the man ask the woman to give her father a call?,Because there is a very cruel dog outside Because a cat a dog are fighting outside Because the weather is too bad Because it is too late,47,2)虛擬語氣。當(dāng)確定是虛擬語氣后，就要逆向思維：條件句的動(dòng)詞是肯定形式，則表達(dá)的意思是否定的。如：,W: You must have enjoyed using your new camera on

52、your trip, havent you?,M:I would have,if I hadnt left it in the car with my friend who drove me to the airport.,Q: what did the man say about his camera?,He lost it at the airport He enjoyed using it He left it in his friends car The camera was damaged,48,3)數(shù)字與計(jì)算。主要涉及到日期、時(shí)間、錢款、號(hào)碼、尺寸等。除聽清數(shù)字外，還應(yīng)注意表示比率

53、、倍數(shù)關(guān)系的詞，如double, twice, half more than, less than, etc.,W: I thought you were going to be on the 5:40 train,M:I took the 5:40, but it was so late that it came in alongside the 6:30 train.,Q: How late was the train?,Nearly an hour Thirty minutes Forty minutes The same as the 6:30,49,4).轉(zhuǎn)折。常用but, thou

54、gh/although, in spite of進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折。But前面的信息不重要，其后的信息則十分重要，是關(guān)鍵所在。,M:Id like to live in the city near my work, but my husband wants to live in the suburbs to save on expenses.,Q: Why does the womans husband want to live in the suburbs?,Life is less expensive in the suburbs Jobs are easier to find in the cit

55、y,W: Have you decided where you are going to live when you get married.,50,5).語氣。通過語氣、語調(diào)聽出說話者的言外之意。如，表懷疑用升調(diào)；諷刺時(shí)拉長語音；喜悅、驚訝時(shí)，聲音變高用升調(diào).,W: I have seen Michael Jackson on my own eyes in the streets.,M:You have? Are you sure it was really him. You know there many people imitating him nowadays.,Q: What doe

56、s the man mean?,It is not surprise that the woman has seen Michael Jackson The man who the woman saw might be someone else.,51,4.基本對(duì)策,A.仔細(xì)閱讀題目選項(xiàng)。避免逐詞閱讀，采用快速閱讀方法。選擇項(xiàng)短時(shí)采用掃視法；選項(xiàng)長時(shí)分2步。第一步，整體看，發(fā)現(xiàn)共同部分；第二步，豎讀法，找區(qū)別。,Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman. Margaret wanted to lend some magazine

57、s to the woman Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman Margaret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman,52,Margaret wanted to return some magazines to the woman. Margaret wanted to lend some magazines to the woman Margaret wanted to borrow some magazines from the woman Marga

58、ret wanted to get some magazines back from the woman,B.預(yù)測(cè)問題類型和內(nèi)容。選擇項(xiàng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容往往暗示問題的類型和內(nèi)容,53,Looking for an apartment. Looking for a job Taking a suburban excursion Asking the man for his opinions,其題目很可能與“What”相關(guān),例2：a.3：00 b. 3：15 c. 3：45 d.4：00,其題目顯然問的是“When”.,例1：,54,例3：,a. By selling services that ma

59、ke life comfortable. b. By selling land containing oil. c. By selling public lands. d. By selling coal and other natural products.,各項(xiàng)都有“by + doing sth.”，可見題目很可能是問“如何做（how）”,55,對(duì)策2：控制答題時(shí)間。,1）題與題之間約有15秒的時(shí)間。最好在8秒內(nèi)完成上一題，留出7秒時(shí)間預(yù)習(xí)下一題。 2）若遇難題或前一題不十分清楚，應(yīng)當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，不要在該題上花太多時(shí)間，應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備好仔細(xì)聽下一題，否則后面的題也做不好。 3）當(dāng)做完上一題來不及看完下一題的選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要把注意力放在聽上，不要為了看選