（宿遷專(zhuān)版）2020中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)方案 第二篇 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破 專(zhuān)題01 名詞課件

,語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題（一）名詞,第二篇語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題突破,考點(diǎn)一可數(shù)名詞,1.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)規(guī)則變化,【巧學(xué)妙記】名詞變復(fù)數(shù)變f/fe為ve,再加-s的單詞:樹(shù)葉(leaf)半數(shù)(half)自己(self)黃,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去殺狼(wolf),架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命（life）忙。,(2)不規(guī)則變化,2.集體名詞的數(shù)(1)集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),如people(人們),police(警察)。如果要表達(dá)單數(shù)形式則要用其他名詞。一名警察apolice()apoliceman/policewoman()一個(gè)人apeople()aperson()(2)集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),如family,class,team等。它們作主語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)整體時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,注意以s結(jié)尾但仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞(不可數(shù)名詞),news(不可數(shù)名詞)和theunitedstates等。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、雜志名等也視為單數(shù)。,考點(diǎn)二不可數(shù)名詞,1.不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)：不可數(shù)名詞是不能用數(shù)量計(jì)算的名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面不能用不定冠詞a/an或數(shù)詞表示量。(1)表示不定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用some,much,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等來(lái)表示。一些水somewater;一點(diǎn)兒牛奶alittlemilk(2)表示確定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1時(shí),后面的量詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。一片面包apieceofbread;兩杯水twoglassesofwater;三袋米threebagsofrice,注意alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof等既能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。歸納常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞見(jiàn)下表：,2.既可數(shù)又不可數(shù)的名詞有些名詞既能用作可數(shù)名詞又能用作不可數(shù)名詞,但意義不同。,考點(diǎn)三專(zhuān)有名詞,表示人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等名稱(chēng)的詞叫專(zhuān)有名詞,其首字母要大寫(xiě)。專(zhuān)有名詞前一般不加冠詞,如luxun,neilarmstrong,china,beijing等。由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前要加定冠詞the,如thesummerpalace,thegreatwall,theunitedstates等。,考點(diǎn)四名詞所有格,1.名詞所有格用于表示名詞之間的所屬關(guān)系,有兩種形式：一種是詞尾加s;另一種是介詞of后加名詞。2.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下,考點(diǎn)五名詞的功能,1.作主語(yǔ)mysisterlikesreadingandtraveling,andilikeswimming.我姐姐喜歡閱讀和旅行。我喜歡游泳。twohoursisenoughformetofinishthehomework.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)兩個(gè)小時(shí)已經(jīng)足夠完成作業(yè)了。,2.作定語(yǔ)(1)名詞作定語(yǔ),一般用單數(shù)形式,如computergame電腦游戲,countrymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)(2)個(gè)別名詞作定語(yǔ),要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如clothesstore服裝店,sportsmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)(3)復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞單數(shù)”,也可以用“數(shù)詞+名詞所有格”形式,如athree-dayholiday=threedaysholiday為期三天的假期,考點(diǎn)六名詞構(gòu)詞法派生法,.單項(xiàng)選擇1.2018宿遷wuwei,ayoungartist,hasreceivedhighfromtheartcommunityforhissculptures.a.prideb.praisec.promised.progress2.2017宿遷couldyougivemeafewonhowtospendthecomingsummerholiday?ok.letmesee.a.hobbiesb.knowledgec.suggestionsd.information,b,c,3.2016宿遷whenthemanwentthroughtheforestalone,helosthisandfeltafraid.a.taskb.workc.wayd.job4.2014宿遷inmosthomes,peoplecookmealsinthe.a.bathroomb.gardenc.bedroomd.kitchen5.motherscantgotothemeeting,becausetheyvegonetonanjing.a.lileiandlucysb.lileisandlucysc.lileiandlucyd.lileisandlucy,c,d,b,語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題訓(xùn)練,.根據(jù)句意或句子的語(yǔ)法要求,用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.the(player)capisreallycoolandilikeitverymuch.2.on(father)day,ioftenprepareaspecialgiftformyfather.3.ithinkjackiechanisoneofthemostpopular(actor).ilikehimverymuch.4.heisafriendofmy(sister).5.thereareseveral(library)inthecity.,players,fathers,actors,sisters,libraries,6.mycousinlikestocollect(stamp)inhissparetime.7.those(policeman)arelookingforthelostkids.8.whose(key)arethese?ithinktheyrejohns.9.look!somany(girl)studentsareenjoyingthemselvesontheplayground.10.anumberof(german)aretalkingaboutchineseculture.,stamps,policemen,keys,girl,germans,11.herearefive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.12.manypeoplelosttheir(life)intheaccident.13.mysistersareboth(woman)doctors