高中英語名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解課件

名詞性從句nounclause,主語從句subjectclause,賓語從句objectclause,表語從句predicativeclause,同位語從句appositiveclause,請判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句,WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idontthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.,(主從),(同位語從句),(賓從),(表從),(同位語從句),(定從),(主從),引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞：that（無意義，不可省，不充當(dāng)任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分,連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分,不可省略的連詞：1.介詞后的連詞2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.,在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that，whether;代詞：who,what,which;副詞：when,where,how,why等.,1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.),2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.),主語從句,1.It+be+形容詞that從句,Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat,2.It+be+-ed分詞that從句,Itisbelievedthat人們相信Itisknowntousallthat.眾所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat已經(jīng)決定,3.It+be+名詞that從句,Itiscommonknowledgethat是常識Itisasurprisethat.令人驚奇的是Itisafactthat事實(shí)是,4.It+不及物動詞that從句,Itappearsthat似乎Ithappensthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起,另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that,主語從句中的“主謂一致”：,1.主語從句通常被看作一個(gè)整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.,Thattheywillcome_certain.,2.What引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.,Whathewants_thesebooks.Whathewants_somewater.,注意,is,are,is,1_intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.(2005上海)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresCItisrequiredD.Itrequires2.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2006北京)A.ThisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis3.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.(2004上海)A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how,Exercises,賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。,1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.,2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,3.Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.,賓語從句,(作動詞的賓語),(作介詞的賓語),(作形容詞的賓語),1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.,注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+動詞原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅(jiān)持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。,2.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí)；e.后接動詞不定式時(shí)。,Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?,賓語從句中的“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”,若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：,Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.(已經(jīng)完成了工作),時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),否定轉(zhuǎn)移,我認(rèn)為他不會來這里.,Ithinkhewontcomehere.()Idontthinkhewillcomehere.(),hadfinished,注意,4.注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.,當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)（could,would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica,賓語從句中用it作形式賓語,Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.,注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補(bǔ)后面。,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.,Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.,Exercises:“it”作形式主語或形式賓語：,1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDfor4Willyouseeto_thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.them,A,B,B,C,在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣,表語從句,1.問題是我們和他已失去聯(lián)系.2.這就是亨利怎么解決這個(gè)問題的.3.天看起來要下雨了.,Theproblemis_,Thisis_.,Itlooks_.,thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.,howHenrysolvedtheproblem.,asifitisgoingtorain.,需要注意的，當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】whether可引導(dǎo)表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。,在句中起同位語的作用.一般放在名詞fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth等之后,用以說明或解釋前面的名詞.引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that(不能省)；少數(shù)情況下也可用連接副詞等.,1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.,同位語從句,同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）,Exercises,1.Dorissuccessliesinthefact_sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(2006上海春季)A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why2.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005遼寧)A.thatB.whatc.asD.which3.Thereisafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotever.(2002上海)A.thatB.whichc.ofwhichD.what4.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as,(1)Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis,B,C,I.語序問題,考點(diǎn)歸納,D,歸納,在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其它部分應(yīng)用_的語序。,陳述,II.用if或whether填空,1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._youarenotfreetomorrow,Illgowithoutyou,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用_，不能用if；b.后面緊跟ornot時(shí),用_.,歸納,whether,whether,III.that與whether/if的選擇：,(1)_knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.WhatB.WhereC.IfD.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.thatB.eitherC.whetherD.when(3)Idoubt_hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt_hewillcomesoon?,D,C,whether/if,that,that,表示是否時(shí)用_,表示肯定時(shí)用_,歸納,whether/if,that,1._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2._theearthisroundisknowntousall.3._hewontheracewas_weexpected.,that:,what:,_只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義,_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,歸納,.that，what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別,.whatwhyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because,C,C,D,Consolidation:,4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that,D,A,B,7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathel