兩種時態(tài)對比

1、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法比較 一、對一般過去時的考查一般過去時表示在過去某時某刻發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，它常與表過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般過去時也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時間狀語的句子中，這是高考的命題方向。Example:The year 2002 saw remarkable changes in Shanghai.A.see B.have seen C.saw D.has seen

2、一般過去時的用法：1)表示過去發(fā)生的，和現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系的動作或狀態(tài)。1.-Look,someone has spilt（溢出） coffee on the carpet(地毯)。-Well,it _me.A.isnt B.wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt 二、對現(xiàn)在完成時的考查（have/has+-ed分詞）1.現(xiàn)在完成時不僅表示動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，而且強調(diào)動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗。Millions of poundsworth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last nigh

3、t. （2005年重慶卷）A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 解析：“storm”后的定語從句有明確的時間狀語“l(fā)ast night”，故主語時態(tài)應確定為完成時，但D項為將來完成時，顯然與語境不符。B項為過去完成時，但本句強調(diào)昨晚發(fā)生的風暴對現(xiàn)在的影響。2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)至今并可能繼續(xù)下去，常與for或since 等短語連用。The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. （2004年全國卷）A. hasnt

4、cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned解析：該題是根據(jù)交際情景中考查動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)。關(guān)鍵詞for weeks，考慮現(xiàn)在完成時，表示到目前為止的結(jié)果，好幾周不擦了；窗戶與擦的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，故被動語態(tài)。句意；“窗戶很臟了。”“我知道。好幾周沒有擦了?！弊ⅲ河山K止性動詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy,borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時不能與for或since引導的時

5、間狀語連用。但這些終止性動詞的否定式可以與for或since短語連用。如：I havent met him for two years. 三、考查現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去式的比較：一般過去時著重說明動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、方式等，與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，且句中一般有表示過去的時間狀語；而現(xiàn)在完成時只說明現(xiàn)在的情況，對現(xiàn)在有影響。 Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET） I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. h

6、ad you put; was putting D. were you putting; put解析：第一個空“放”這個動作強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，“我找不到”第二個空“放”指過去的一個動作。1）用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作，現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，而一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關(guān)系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與現(xiàn)狀有關(guān)，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到Its.這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。)2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“

7、曾”等詞常用完成表達，如：I have seen that film.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 四、練習1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her?A.

8、was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened解析：說話者強調(diào)Jane 目前的狀況.2. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long _ here?A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are youC. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been解析： didnt know 強調(diào)見面前原不知道.3. Im glad to tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to.A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were解析：全句含義為 “我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)比預期的(強調(diào)過去)提前完成任務( 強調(diào)現(xiàn)在). 4. When I was at college I _ three foreign language but I _