01. 詞句綜合應用技巧基礎講解

1、 中考沖刺一 詞句綜合形式應用 責編：王曉麗 【真題再現】i. 根據下列句子及所給單詞的首字母寫出所缺單詞。在填寫答卷時，要求寫出完整單詞（每空限填一詞） (2015 廣州)1it is a p_ that the weather is so bad today. we cant go to a picnic. 2you should always knock at the door before you e_ a room. 3close the window or the wind will b_ everything off my desk.4the young woman is ver

2、y b_. she is not afraid of anything. 5its very p_ to say “thank you” when someone helps you. ii. 根據括號內的漢語提示，完成句子。(2014 黃岡)1. women teachers are usually more careful and more _(有耐心的) with the pupils.2. since youve finished your work，why not consider _(參觀) the park with your friends?3. early in the_(二

3、十) century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams.4. in order to search for the missing passengers in the mh370, two_(軍人) died.5. the film reminded me of the day when i was _(照顧) care of in the village.6. drive_(徑直) on, and youll find the museum on your left.iii. 用括號內所給單詞

4、的適當形式填空。(2015 蘭州)1. lao she was a great (write) and hes especially famous for his play, teahouse.2. would you mind (take) out the trash, jerry?3. the girl is going to repair the bike by (she).4. although he lives on the (twelve) floor, he seldom uses the lift.5. he (not come) yet. what do you think

5、has happened to him?6. this (wood) bridge was built more than 20 years ago.7. mom couldnt stand the mess in my room, so she asked me (clean) it right now.8. the road to (successful) is never straight.9. the water (feel) cool when i jumped into the pool for morning exercise.10. hed like to get some s

6、uggestions on how to learn (wise) and well. iv. 請根據句意從方框中選擇合適的動詞，并用其適當時態(tài)填空，使句子通順。(2015 南通)tidy lift drop break make 1. in autumn，the days are shorter and the temperature _.2. its already midnightwho _ so much noise outside?3. what a mess your room is! sorryi _ it up right now.4. he _ his hand into t

7、he air to get my attention and soon i noticed him.5. why are you in such a hurry? my fathers car _ down on the wayi have to go to help him.v. 從方框中選擇合適的短語并用其適當形式填空。(有一項多余)(2014 安順)be willing to; stay up; write down; throw away; take pride in; come over to1. he _ to watch the world cup last night.2. a

8、ll the teachers _ answer students questions.3. dont forget _ my house when you come to beijing.4. if you pass the exam, your teacher _ you.5. he never _ plastic bottles after using them only once.vi. 根據語篇內容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文通順、連貫。方框中有兩個詞為多余項。(2014 山西)i that thing stand anger serious who find near s

9、upport danger everywherefor a long time, i saw happiness as a huge banner across the finish line of a long race. i felt that only when i completed certain 1 could i finally be happy in my life. most of the time i felt like a tortoise. i believed that being slow and strong-minded would win the race.

10、at other times i would act like a rabbit. i tried different roads at a 2 speed, hoping to reach that banner a little faster. gradually, i began to see that no matter how long i raced towards it, the banner never got any 3 . i finally decided one day to sit down and take a rest. it was then that i sa

11、w my happiness sitting beside 4 .it had been with me as i worked hard 5 my family, as i played with my children and i heard their laughter and even when i was 6 ill with my wife at my side looking after me. it had been with me as i raced towards that stupid banner. i just didnt have the ability to s

12、ee it.there is an old saying 7 goes, “tension is who you think you should be. relaxation is who you are.” perhaps we all should stop our race towards the perfect life we think we should have. we should enjoy the life we have now. happiness will never 8 under some banner far away. you will find it in

13、 your own heart, soul and mind. you will find it when you realize that others love you just as you do.dont be a tortoise or a rabbit when it comes to your happiness. be a playful little dog and carry your stick of joy with you 9 you go. take yourself out of the race and realize that when it comes to

14、 love and happiness, you 10 there already. happiness is just around the corner.【答案與解析】i. 根據下列句子及所給單詞的首字母寫出所缺單詞。1. pity2. enter3. blow4. brave5. politeii. 根據括號內的漢語提示，完成句子。1. patient2. visiting3. twentieth4. soldiers 5. taken 6. straight / directiii. 用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。1. writer 2.taking3. herself 4. twe

15、lfth 5. hasnt come6. wood / wooden 7. to clean 8. success 9. felt 10.wiselyiv. 請根據句意從方框中選擇合適的動詞，并用其適當時態(tài)填空，使句子通順。1. drops 2. is making 3. willshallam going to tidy 4. lifted 5. has brokenv. 從方框中選擇合適的短語并用其適當形式填空。 1. stayed up 2. are willing to 3. to come over to 4. will take pride in 5. throws away vi

16、. 根據語篇內容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文通順、連貫。方框中有兩個詞為多余項。 1. things 2. dangerous 3. nearer 4. me 5. to support 6. seriously 7. that 8. be found 9. everywhere 10. have stood 【用法講解】考試要求：主要考查學生對初中所學單詞的基本含義及在特定語境中的具體運用能力。一般采用單詞拼寫、詞匯綜合運用等主觀性測試題?？疾榈闹攸c是：動詞的各種變化形式（如動詞的各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)和動詞的非謂語形式）、名詞的單數和復數形式、形容詞和副詞的變化、形容詞副詞的比較等級、基

17、數詞和序數詞的轉換、代詞的人稱、格、數等。1. 試題題型：（1）根據句意及首字母提示填空：這種題型主要是考查單詞在有具體語言環(huán)境中的應用。一般給一個具體的句子和需要填入的單詞的首字母。這種填空題有一定的難度，它要求考生必須理解句子意思的基礎上準確判斷要填入的單詞，許多同學可能判斷對了所填的單詞，但沒有考慮或誤用了單詞的變化形式。例如：have you read the book w_ in french?解析這個句子是一般疑問句，所給的首字母是w，have read是句子的謂語，所以需要填空的這個單詞是動詞的非謂語形式，本句子的意思是“你看過這本用法語寫的書嗎？”，理解了句子的意思同時還需要判

18、斷動詞用什么形式，如果不能理解主語和動詞是被動的關系，就很難判斷這個動詞用其過去分詞形式，表示被動關系。不少的同學會填空write，writing。答案是written。這種題型是詞匯運用試題中難度最大的題型。它不僅要求理解句子的意思，判斷要填空的單詞，更重要是根據句子的意思準確判斷所填寫單詞的形式，需要綜合考慮，才能保證正確率。（2）根據括號內所給的漢語提示填空：這種題型主要是考查單詞在有具體語言環(huán)境的應用。一般是給一個具體的句子和漢語提示。這種詞匯填空題的難度相對小一些，它要求考生理解句子的意思，但在判斷所填單詞上相對容易。這種類型的詞匯填空題最大的難點是根據單詞在句子中的語法地位考慮單詞

19、的變化，即根據所給句子的具體語言環(huán)境來判斷用這個單詞的什么形式。許多考生可能直接把所給的漢語翻譯成為英語后就填空，沒有考慮單詞的變化。例如：you must eat a lot of vegetables and fruit if you want to keep _ (健康).doing more exercise is very good for your _ (健康).解析這兩個句子所給的漢語提示都是“健康”，如果不從句子的語言環(huán)境考慮，而直接按照漢語“健康”對應的單詞health去填空，就很容易出現錯誤。第一個句子在keep的后面要用形容詞作表語，應該填寫healthy。第二個句子在物

20、主代詞your的后面應該用名詞形式health。所以一定要在句子中考慮填寫單詞的正確形式。又如：how long have you _ (借) the book from the library? for about two weeks.解析這個句子所給的漢語提示是“借”，其英語表示法是borrow，如果直接把所給的漢語翻譯后填空，盡管你考慮到在have的后面用過去分詞borrowed也仍然是錯誤的，因為在how long表示延續(xù)一段時間的現在完成時中，不能用borrow，因為這個單詞是非延續(xù)性的，不能和表示延續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，所以必須考慮這一點才能填上正確的單詞kept。（3）用括號內所

21、給單詞的適當形式填空：這種題型主要是考查單詞在有具體語言環(huán)境中的應用。一般是給一個不完整的句子和括號內的一個單詞。這種詞匯填空題的難度相對比較小，它要求考生理解句子的意思，根據括號內單詞在所給的句子中的語法要求，判斷用單詞的什么形式。例如：whats the weather like today? its _ (sun).解析這個句子括號內所給的單詞是名詞sun，從前面的句子意思理解是詢問天氣的，所以后面句子回答應用be和表示天氣的形容詞連用來描述天氣狀況。所以在is的后面用sun的形容詞sunny。又如：_ (watch) tv too much is bad for your eyes.解

22、析這個句子括號內的單詞watch，是動詞，從句子的意思理解是“看電視太多對你的眼睛有害”，動詞原形在句子中不能作主語，需要用動名詞形式作主語，所以這個空需要用watching，要注意在句子開頭要大寫?？疾閯釉~的應用比例比較多，一般是給一個不完整的句子及動詞原形，要求考生根據句子的內容和語法要求用動詞的適當形式填空。這種填空主要是動詞的變化，一般涉及動詞的各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)和動詞不定式、動名詞和動詞的現在分詞、過去分詞及情態(tài)動詞的用法。又如：its very dangerous _ (play) football in the street.解析這個句子括號內的單詞play是動詞，從句子的意思理解“

23、在街道上踢足球是非常危險的”，句子中的it是形式主語，需要用動詞不定式作真正的主語，這里用了句型：its +形容詞+不定式+其它。答案是to play。2. 解題技巧：（1） 從句意找單詞。特別是首字母填空題，認真閱讀和分析所給的句子是準確判斷所填詞匯的關鍵。例如：how h_ it is raining outside. we had better stay at home. 解析認真閱讀所給的句子，理解句子的意思，考慮用副詞來修飾動詞raining，在感嘆句中how的后面可以用副詞，所以填heavily，表示（雨下得）很大。（2）根據句子成分判斷所填詞的詞性。名詞，要注意其單復數、可數還是

24、不可數、是否用所有格形式；動詞，應注意人稱、數、時態(tài)、語態(tài)及是否是非謂語形式；如果修飾名詞或代詞，應用形容詞；如果修飾動詞或形容詞、副詞等，應該用副詞；還要注意形容詞、副詞的級別；如果是代詞，要注意是人稱代詞、物主代詞還是不定代詞等，是形容詞性物主代詞還是名詞性物主代詞等。例如：at the _ (開始), we couldnt understand what he said.解析括號所給的漢語是“開始”，直接翻譯的單詞是begin，如果直接翻譯后填空是錯誤的，從介詞和冠詞the的后判斷，應該用名詞；從句意可以分析這個空是需要用“開始”這個單詞的動名詞形式即beginning，構成at the

25、 beginning短語，表示“在開始時”，所以一定要結合句子來考慮單詞的正確形式，不能直接翻譯漢語就填空。(3) 觀察句子的類型，判斷動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。1) 如果所給的句子是祈使句，就可以用括號所給動詞的原形。例如：_ (speak) chinese in the meeting, please. 解析這是一個祈使句，表示一種請求，祈使句是以動詞原形開頭的句子，所以可以直接填寫括號內的動詞。答案是speak。2) 如果句子中有情態(tài)動詞can/may/must等，情態(tài)動詞后面要填入動詞原形。例如：you must _ (go) there at once.解析在情態(tài)動詞must的后面用動詞原形

26、go，所以可以直接填寫go。3) 如果句子有比較明顯的時間狀語，可以根據不同的時間來判斷動詞的不同時態(tài)。如果有every， always，often，sometimes，usually，twice a week等時間狀語，句子經常用一般現在時；根據句子的主語是否是第三人稱單數形式來判斷動詞是否變化。如果句子有比較明顯的時間狀語yesterday，just now，last week， ago，in 過去的年份等，句子的謂語動詞用一般過去時。如果句子中有already，ever，never，just，yet，since，for一段時間，so far，in the last/ past few y

27、ears等時間狀語，句子的謂語動詞用現在完成時。例如：mike always _ (watch) tv after dinner. 解析主語mike是第三人稱單數形式，從句子的時間狀語always可以判斷是一般現在時，所以謂語動詞用watches。例如：jim _ (live) in this village for about ten years. 解析從句子的時間狀語for about ten years可以判斷是現在完成時，所以用has lived來填空。(4) 從所給的句子主語和謂語關系來判斷語態(tài)如果句子的主語是后面動詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者，用主動語態(tài)；如果句子的主語不能執(zhí)行后面動詞所表示的動作，而是動作的承受者，用被動語態(tài)。例如：when we got there, all students _ ( do) their homework. 句子的主語students能夠執(zhí)行后面的動作do homework，所以是主動語態(tài)即were doing。例如：the students _ (tell) to clean their classroom. 句子的主語和動詞tell是被動關系，所以用被動語態(tài)。所以填are told。(5) 從句子成分判斷動詞的非謂語形式。如果所給的句子是簡單句，并且已經有了