被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法歸納

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法歸納(Passive Voice)概念：英語有兩種語態(tài)，主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語而是由其他人完成。一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，漢語往往用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動(dòng)含義。構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問句和否定句的變化形式也是如此。各種時(shí)態(tài)形式表如下：一般時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在am/is/are+P.P.(過去分詞)am/is/are+being+P.P.ha

2、s/have+been+P.P.過去was/were+P.P.was/were+being+P.P.had+been+P.P.將來shall/will+be+P.P.另：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+P.P.” 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成為“to be done”1. English is spoken in many countries. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))2. Who was this article written by? (一般過去時(shí))3. An important meeting will be held in our school. (一般將來時(shí))4. A new bridg

3、e is being built in the city. (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))5. Everything has been done by him so far. (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))6. Something must be done to protect wild animals. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)使用范圍：不知道或不必指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 These books are written for children. / We were asked to sing a song.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)可帶有by引起的短語。 More trees must be planted by us next year.

4、A new machine was invented by Uncle Wang last month.當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)，多用被動(dòng)語態(tài) The whole village was washed away by the flood.表示客觀的說明常用“Its +過去分詞”句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 這類句型有： Its said that .據(jù)說 Its reported that.據(jù)報(bào)道 Its believed that.大家相信主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)4大步驟： 1、把原主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)中的主語，如為代詞，賓格形式須變?yōu)橹鞲裥问健?/p>

5、2、把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式即be +過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持 不變。 3、原主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語如需要?jiǎng)t放在by后面變成by的賓語，如為代詞，主格形式須變?yōu)橘e格形式， 如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。 4、其它成分（定語、狀語）不變。 Everybody likes this girl. - This girl is liked by everybody. He wrote a letter. - A letter was written by him.被動(dòng)語態(tài)注意事項(xiàng)：1、不定式符號(hào)to在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中不可省。在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，如果感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語是動(dòng)詞，這個(gè)動(dòng)詞前往往

6、不帶to，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要帶to。I saw him climb up the hill. He was seen to climb up the hill.We heard him sing in his room just now. He was heard to sing in his room just now.2、主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若有兩個(gè)賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只將其中一個(gè)賓語變成主語，另一個(gè)賓語不變。主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前通常加上介詞，這個(gè)介詞是由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定，常為for或to 。例如：1. We gave him

7、some books. He was given some books (by us). 或 Some books were given to him (by us).2. He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 3. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 4. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. A girl saw my wallet dr

8、op when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 6. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.3、一些動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語應(yīng)當(dāng)看作一個(gè)整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。 We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio e

9、very day. The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.4、主動(dòng)語態(tài)中如有復(fù)合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只將復(fù)合賓語中的邏輯主語變成主語，其余部分不變。例如：They asked him to take the medicine. He was asked to take the medicine.We found him working in the fields.

10、He was found working in the fields.不使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況：1、不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.例如：What was happened to him？(錯(cuò)誤)What happened to him？ (正確)2、系動(dòng)詞（包括感官動(dòng)詞）無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（kee

11、p除外），用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn。The flower smells sweet.The dish tastes delicious.The cloth feels very soft.It sounds good. 3、有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well.4、want, need, require, worth

12、等詞后面可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：The children need looking after.The table wants cleaning.同步強(qiáng)化A. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. I _(tell) to give a talk yesterday.2. The song _(write) by a worker and now it _(become) very popular.3. We _(make) a trip to the West Lake as soon as the work _(finish).4. The Great Wall _(know)

13、 all over the world.5. He said, “Your books must_(take) care of.”6. The TV play _(show) when we got home.7. The tall building _(put) up last year.8. The street lights _usually _(turn) on at 7:00 pm in summer.9. This song _( not like) by everybody.10. He _(give) a ticket to the film.11. Most science

14、books _(write) in English.12. A computer _often _ (use) in the bank.13. Can rice _(grow) in water?14. How many holes will_(dig) tomorrow?15. This picture _(look) nice.16. - Id like to buy that coat. - Im sorry it _(sell) out.17. -What _(happen) to him? -He fell off his bike and hurt himself.18. The

15、students was made _(do) a lot of homework every day.19. This book _(sell) well on the market.20. Your coat needs _(wash). 單項(xiàng)選擇：( ) 1. The library books _on time. A. return B. must C. must be returned D. returned( ) 2. The boy is always made _ his face in the morning. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D.

16、 washed( ) 3. Mr Brown has stopped smoking since he _on. A. will operate B. will be operated C. operated D. was operated( ) 4. The match _. Lets go to watch it. A. is holding B. held C. is being held D. was held( ) 5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school next week. A. is given B. has been given

17、 C. will be given D. will give( ) 6. What _ this dictionary _? A. does; call B. is; called C. does; called D. is; call( ) 7. English _ in many countries. A. is speaking B. is spoken C. speaks D. speak( ) 8. - When _ the story_ ? - A month ago. A. was; happened B. did; happen C. is; happened D. does;

18、 happen( ) 9. A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China. A. must B. must be C. has D. have( ) 10. The medicine _ cool, clean and dry. A. must keep B. must be kept C. must be carried D. must be in( ) 11. In our campus, rubbish _ everywhere. （泰州） A. mustnt be put B. neednt be put C. cant put D.

19、may not put( ) 12. The trees must _ three times a week. （長沙） A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters( ) 13. People can _ running everywhere. Do you know what _? （鎮(zhèn)江） A. see; has happened B. see; happens C. be seen; is happened D. be seen; is happening( ) 14. The boy _ to get supper ready aft

20、er school. A. were told B. was told C. is telling D. tells( ) 15. - Did you go to Jims birthday party? - No, I _.（北京） A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite( ) 16. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. （黑龍江） A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invite

21、d( ) 17. A lot of food _ to that country after the war was over. （南通） A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sent( ) 18. - When _ this kind of computer _? (寧波) - Two years ago. A. was; used B. did; use C. is; used D. does; use( ) 19. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. （天津） A

22、. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give( ) 20. Chinese _ by the largest number of people. （長沙） A. speak B. is speaking C. speaks D. is spoken( ) 21. - But where are the books? (武漢) - Dont worry. They _ here in no time. A. have sent B. will be sent C. are sending D. have been sent(

23、 ) 22. Man-made satellites have _into space by many countries. A. sent up B. be sent up C. send up D. been sent up( ) 23. The windows of our classroom _ once a week. A. is cleaned B. are cleaned C. Was cleaned D. be cleaned( ) 24 A strange noise _ by Mr Henry last night. A. heard B. is heard C. Had

24、heard D. was heard( ) 25. Milk, meat, eggs and vegetables _on the farm. A. produce B. are produced C. produced D. was produced( ) 26. How many kilos of milk _ produced on Green Lake Farm last year? A. are B. was C. had D. be( ) 27. She is often _ tidying up the classroom. A. seeing B. seen C. saw D.

25、 sees( ) 28. - Id like to buy that coat. - Im sorry _. A. it sold B. its selling C. its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 29. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place, have been set up B. have taken place, have been set up C. are taken place, are set upD. were t

26、aken place, were set up( ) 30. This picture _ very nice. A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking( ) 31. This story _ in Paris before the First world War. A. happens B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( ) 32. Now these magazines _ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 33. Good care _such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 34