巖土工程專業(yè)詞匯

1、一. 綜合類 geO,blog1.geotechnical engineering巖土工程 2.foundation engineering基礎工程 3.soil, earth土 4.soil mechanics土力學 cyclic loading周期荷載 unloading卸載 reloading再加載 viscoelastic foundation粘彈性地基 viscous damping粘滯阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 5.soil dynamics土動力學 6.stress path應力路徑 7.numerical geotechanics 數值巖土力學 二. 土的分類 1

2、.residual soil殘積土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土礦物 4.secondary minerals次生礦物 5.landslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section鉆孔柱狀圖 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地質勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand礫砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sa

3、nd中砂 14.fine sand細砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉質粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂質粉土 21.clayey silt粘質粉土 22.saturated soil飽和土 23.unsaturated soil非飽和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固結土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固結土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固結土 28.zonal soil區(qū)域

4、性土 29.soft clay軟粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨脹土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黃土 33.frozen soil凍土 三. 土的基本物理力學性質 1.cc compression index 2.cu undrained shear strength 3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolida

5、ted and overconsolidated, respectively 4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test 5.e0 natural void ratio 6.Ip plasticity index 7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses1 and2 8.K0 domain for effective stresses1 and2 9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under

6、 rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient 12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count, standard

7、penetration test 14.OCR over-consolidation ratio 15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test 16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength 19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mea

8、n value of a specimen 20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively 21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively 22.1,2 principal stresses, 1 and2 denote effective principal stresses 23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界

9、限 24.degree of saturation飽和度 25.dry unit weight干重度 26.moist unit weight濕重度 27.saturated unit weight飽和重度 28.effective unit weight有效重度 29.density密度 pactness密實度 31.maximum dry density 最大干密度 32.optimum water content最優(yōu)含水量 33.three phase diagram三相圖 34.tri-phase soil三相土 35.soil fraction粒組 36.sieve analysis

10、篩分 37.hydrometer analysis比重計分析 38.uniformity coefficient不均勻系數 39.coefficient of gradation級配系數 40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)細粒土 41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土 42.Unified soil classification system土的統(tǒng)一分類系統(tǒng) 43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美國土木工程師學會 44.AASHTO= American

11、 Association State Highway Officials美國州公路官員協(xié)會 45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 國際土力學與巖土工程學會 四. 滲透性和滲流 1.Darcys law 達西定律 2.piping管涌 3.flowing soil流土 4.sand boiling砂沸 5.flow net流網 6.seepage滲透（流） 7.leakage滲流 8.seepage pressure滲透壓力 9.permeability滲透性 10.seep

12、age force滲透力 11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability滲透系數 五. 地基應力和變形 1.soft soil軟土 2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入樁（負）摩阻力 3.effective stress有效應力 4.total stress總應力 5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪強度 6.low activity低活性 7.sensitivity靈敏度 8.triaxial test三軸試驗 9.foundation design

13、基礎設計 10.recompaction再壓縮 11.bearing capacity承載力 12.soil mass土體 13.contact stress (pressure)接觸應力（壓力） 14.concentrated load集中荷載 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半無限彈性體 16.homogeneous均質 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing條基 19.square spread footing方形獨立基礎 20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下臥層（土） 21.dead lo

14、ad =sustained load恒載 持續(xù)荷載 22.live load活載 23.short term transient load短期瞬時荷載 24.long-term transient load長期荷載 25.reduced load折算荷載 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation變形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒組 31.physical properties物理性質 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil級配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil級配

15、不良土 35.normal stresses正應力 36.shear stresses剪應力 37.principal plane主平面 38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最?。┲鲬?39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩爾-庫侖破壞條件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法 41.limit equilibrium method極限平衡法 42.pore water pressure孔隙水壓力 43.preconsolidation pressure先期固結壓力

16、44.modulus of compressibility壓縮模量 45.coefficent of compressibility壓縮系數 pression index壓縮指數 47.swelling index回彈指數 48.geostatic stress自重應力 49.additional stress附加應力 50.total stress總應力 51.final settlement最終沉降 52.slip line滑動線 六. 基坑開挖與降水 1 excavation開挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失穩(wěn) 4 b

17、racing of foundation pit基坑圍護 5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 6 retaining wall擋土墻 7 pore-pressure distribution孔壓分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system井點系統(tǒng)（輕型） 10 deep well point深井點 11 vacuum well point真空井點 12 braced cuts 支撐圍護 13 braced excavation支撐開挖 14 braced sheeting支撐擋板 七. 深基礎-deep f

18、oundation 1.pile foundation樁基礎 1)cast in-place灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁 bored pile鉆孔樁 special-shaped cast-in-place pile機控異型灌注樁 piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁 rammed bulb pile夯擴樁 2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎 drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile預制混凝土

19、樁 4)steel pile鋼樁 steel pipe pile鋼管樁 steel sheet pile鋼板樁 5)prestressed concrete pile預應力混凝土樁 prestressed concrete pipe pile預應力混凝土管樁 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻 4.friction pile摩擦樁 5.end-bearing pile端承樁 6.shaft豎井；樁身 7.wave equation analysis波動方程分析 8.pile caps承臺（樁帽） 9.bearing capaci

20、ty of single pile單樁承載力 10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力 12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗 13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力 14.low pile cap低樁承臺 15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile單樁抗拔極限承

21、載力 17.silent piling靜力壓樁 18.uplift pile抗拔樁 19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁 20.pile groups群樁 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數（） 22.efficiency of pile groups群樁效應 23.dynamic pile testing樁基動測技術 24.final set最后貫入度 25.dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗 26.pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗 27.pile head=butt樁頭 28.pile t

22、ip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭） 29.pile spacing樁距 30.pile plan樁位布置圖 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置 32.group action群樁作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance樁端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance樁側阻 35.pile cushion樁墊 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振動）打樁 37.pile pulling test拔樁試驗 38.pile shoe樁靴 39.p

23、ile noise打樁噪音 40.pile rig打樁機 八. 地基處理-ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術規(guī)范 2.cushion墊層法 3.preloading預壓法 4.dynamic compaction強夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement強夯置換法 6.vibroflotation method振沖法 7.sand-gravel pile砂石樁 8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石樁 9.cement-flyash

24、-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁 10.cement mixing method水泥土攪拌樁 11.cement column水泥樁 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰樁 13.jet grouting高壓噴射注漿法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯實水泥土樁法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土擠密樁 lime-soil compacted column灰土擠密樁 lime soil pile灰土擠密樁 16.chemical stabilization化學加固法 17.surface compacti

25、on表層壓實法 18.surcharge preloading超載預壓法 19.vacuum preloading真空預壓法 20.sand wick袋裝砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile土工織物 posite foundation復合地基 23.reinforcement method加筋法 24.dewatering method降低地下水固結法 25.freezing and heating冷熱處理法 26.expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理 27.ground treatment in mountain area 山區(qū)地基處理 28.

26、collapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理 29.artificial foundation人工地基 30.natural foundation天然地基 31.pillow褥墊 32.soft clay ground軟土地基 33.sand drain砂井 34.root pile樹根樁 35.plastic drain塑料排水帶 36.replacement ratio（復合地基）置換率 九. 固結consolidation 1.Terzzaghis consolidation theory太沙基固結理論 2.Barraons consolidation the

27、ory巴隆固結理論 3.Biots consolidation theory比奧固結理論 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固結比 5.overconsolidation soil超固結土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多維固結 8.one-dimensional consolidation一維固結 9.primary consolidation主固結 10.secondary consolidation次固結 11.degree of consolidati

28、on固結度 12.consolidation test固結試驗 13.consolidation curve固結曲線 14.time factor Tv時間因子 15.coefficient of consolidation固結系數 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固結壓力 17.principle of effective stress 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固結 十. 抗剪強度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪強度 2.residual strengt

29、h殘余強度 3.long-term strength長期強度 4.peak strength峰值強度 5.shear strain rate剪切應變速率 6.dilatation剪脹 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪脹抗剪強度有效應力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫爾庫侖理論 10.angle of internal friction內摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破壞準

30、則 13.vane strength十字板抗剪強度 14.unconfined compression無側限抗壓強度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效應力破壞包線 16.effective stress strength parameter有效應力強度參數 十一. 本構模型-constitutive model 1.elastic model彈性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非線性彈性模型 3.elastoplastic model彈塑性模型 4.viscoelastic model粘彈性模型 5.boundary surfa

31、ce model邊界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model鄧肯張模型 7.rigid plastic model剛塑性模型 8.cap model蓋帽模型 9.work softening加工軟化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model劍橋模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想彈塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫爾庫侖屈服準則 14.yield surface屈服面 15.elastic half-space foundation model彈性半空間地基模型 16.elas

32、tic modulus彈性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克爾地基模型 十二. 地基承載力-bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure沖剪破壞 2.general shear failure整體剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破壞 4.state of limit equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài) 5.critical edge pressure臨塑荷載 6.stability of foundation soil地基穩(wěn)定性 7.ultimate beari

33、ng capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容許承載力 十三. 土壓力-earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主動土壓力 2.passive earth pressure被動土壓力 3.earth pressure at rest靜止土壓力 4.Coulombs earth pressure theory庫侖土壓力理論 5.Rankines earth pressure theory朗金土壓力理論 十四. 土坡穩(wěn)定分析-slop

34、e stability analysis 1.angle of repose休止角 2.Bishop method畢肖普法 3.safety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數 4.Fellenius method of slices費紐倫斯條分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圓弧滑動法 6.slices method條分法 十五. 擋土墻-retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性 2.foundation wall基礎墻 3.counter retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻 4.cantil

35、ever retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻 5.cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻 6.gravity retaining wall重力式擋土墻 7.anchored plate retaining wall錨定板擋土墻 8.anchored sheet pile wall錨定板板樁墻 十六. 板樁結構物-sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile鋼板樁 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile鋼筋混凝土板樁 3.steel piles鋼樁 4.wooden sheet pile木板樁 5.tim

36、ber piles木樁 七. 深基礎-deep foundation 1.pile foundation樁基礎 1)cast in-place灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注樁 bored pile鉆孔樁 special-shaped cast-in-place pile機控異型灌注樁 piles set into rock嵌巖灌注樁 rammed bulb pile夯擴樁 2)belled pier foundation鉆孔墩基礎 drilled-pier foundation鉆孔擴底墩 under-reamed bored pier 3)p

37、recast concrete pile預制混凝土樁 4)steel pile鋼樁 steel pipe pile鋼管樁 steel sheet pile鋼板樁 5)prestressed concrete pile預應力混凝土樁 prestressed concrete pipe pile預應力混凝土管樁 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下連續(xù)墻截水墻 4.friction pile摩擦樁 5.end-bearing pile端承樁 6.shaft豎井；樁身 7.wave equation analysis波動方程分析 8.pile ca

38、ps承臺（樁帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile單樁承載力 10.lateral pile load test單樁橫向載荷試驗 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile單樁橫向極限承載力 12.static load test of pile單樁豎向靜荷載試驗 13.vertical allowable load capacity單樁豎向容許承載力 14.low pile cap低樁承臺 15.high-rise pile cap高樁承臺 16.vertical ultimate uplift resista

39、nce of single pile單樁抗拔極限承載力 17.silent piling靜力壓樁 18.uplift pile抗拔樁 19.anti-slide pile抗滑樁 20.pile groups群樁 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群樁效率系數（） 22.efficiency of pile groups群樁效應 23.dynamic pile testing樁基動測技術 24.final set最后貫入度 25.dynamic load test of pile樁動荷載試驗 26.pile integrity test樁的完整性試驗 27.p

40、ile head=butt樁頭 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe樁端（頭） 29.pile spacing樁距 30.pile plan樁位布置圖 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout樁的布置 32.group action群樁作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance樁端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance樁側阻 35.pile cushion樁墊 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振動）打樁 37.pile pulling tes

41、t拔樁試驗 38.pile shoe樁靴 39.pile noise打樁噪音 40.pile rig打樁機 八. 地基處理-ground treatment 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基處理技術規(guī)范 2.cushion墊層法 3.preloading預壓法 4.dynamic compaction強夯法 5.dynamic compaction replacement強夯置換法 6.vibroflotation method振沖法 7.sand-gravel pile砂石樁 8.gravel pile(stone c

42、olumn)碎石樁 9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石樁 10.cement mixing method水泥土攪拌樁 11.cement column水泥樁 12.lime pile (lime column)石灰樁 13.jet grouting高壓噴射注漿法 14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯實水泥土樁法 15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土擠密樁 lime-soil compacted column灰土擠密樁 lime soil pile灰土擠密樁 16.chemical stabilization

43、化學加固法 17.surface compaction表層壓實法 18.surcharge preloading超載預壓法 19.vacuum preloading真空預壓法 20.sand wick袋裝砂井 21.geofabric ,geotextile土工織物 posite foundation復合地基 23.reinforcement method加筋法 24.dewatering method降低地下水固結法 25.freezing and heating冷熱處理法 26.expansive ground treatment膨脹土地基處理 27.ground treatment in

44、 mountain area山區(qū)地基處理 28.collapsible loess treatment濕陷性黃土地基處理 29.artificial foundation人工地基 30.natural foundation天然地基 31.pillow褥墊 32.soft clay ground軟土地基 33.sand drain砂井 34.root pile樹根樁 35.plastic drain塑料排水帶 36.replacement ratio（復合地基）置換率 九. 固結consolidation 1.Terzzaghis consolidation theory太沙基固結理論 2.Ba

45、rraons consolidation theory巴隆固結理論 3.Biots consolidation theory比奧固結理論 4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固結比 5.overconsolidation soil超固結土 6.excess pore water pressure超孔壓力 7.multi-dimensional consolidation多維固結 8.one-dimensional consolidation一維固結 9.primary consolidation主固結 10.secondary consolidation次固結

46、11.degree of consolidation固結度 12.consolidation test固結試驗 13.consolidation curve固結曲線 14.time factor Tv時間因子 15.coefficient of consolidation固結系數 16.preconsolidation pressure前期固結壓力 17.principle of effective stress有效應力原理 18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固結 十. 抗剪強度shear strength 1.undrained shear stre

47、ngth不排水抗剪強度 2.residual strength殘余強度 3.long-term strength長期強度 4.peak strength峰值強度 5.shear strain rate剪切應變速率 6.dilatation剪脹 7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪脹抗剪強度有效應力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪強度總應力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫爾庫侖理論 10.angle of internal friction內摩擦角 11.cohes

48、ion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破壞準則 13.vane strength十字板抗剪強度 14.unconfined compression無側限抗壓強度 15.effective stress failure envelop有效應力破壞包線 16.effective stress strength parameter有效應力強度參數 十一. 本構模型-constitutive model 1.elastic model彈性模型 2.nonlinear elastic model非線性彈性模型 3.elastoplastic model彈塑性模型 4.viscoelast

49、ic model粘彈性模型 5.boundary surface model邊界面模型 6.Duncan-Chang model鄧肯張模型 7.rigid plastic model剛塑性模型 8.cap model蓋帽模型 9.work softening加工軟化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model劍橋模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想彈塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫爾庫侖屈服準則 14.yield surface屈服面 15.elastic half-space fou

50、ndation model彈性半空間地基模型 16.elastic modulus彈性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克爾地基模型 十二. 地基承載力-bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure沖剪破壞 2.general shear failure整體剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破壞 4.state of limit equilibrium極限平衡狀態(tài) 5.critical edge pressure臨塑荷載 6.stability of foundat

51、ion soil地基穩(wěn)定性 7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基極限承載力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容許承載力 十三. 土壓力-earth pressure 1.active earth pressure主動土壓力 2.passive earth pressure被動土壓力 3.earth pressure at rest靜止土壓力 4.Coulombs earth pressure theory庫侖土壓力理論 5.Rankines earth pressure

52、 theory朗金土壓力理論 十四. 土坡穩(wěn)定分析-slope stability analysis 1.angle of repose休止角 2.Bishop method畢肖普法 3.safety factor of slope邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數 4.Fellenius method of slices費紐倫斯條分法 5.Swedish circle method瑞典圓弧滑動法 6.slices method條分法 十五. 擋土墻-retaining wall 1.stability of retaining wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性 2.foundation wall基礎墻 3.counter

53、 retaining wall扶壁式擋土墻 4.cantilever retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻 5.cantilever sheet pile wall懸臂式板樁墻 6.gravity retaining wall重力式擋土墻 7.anchored plate retaining wall錨定板擋土墻 8.anchored sheet pile wall錨定板板樁墻 十六. 板樁結構物-sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile鋼板樁 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile鋼筋混凝土板樁 3.steel piles鋼

54、樁 4.wooden sheet pile木板樁 5.timber piles木樁 十七. 淺基礎-shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基礎 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基礎 3.strip foundation條形基礎 4.spread footing擴展基礎 pensated foundation補償性基礎 6.bearing stratum持力層 7.rigid foundation剛性基礎 8.flexible foundation柔性基礎 9.embedded depth of foundation基礎埋置深度 foundat

55、ion pressure基底附加應力 11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部結構基礎地基共同作用分析 十八. 土的動力性質-dynamic properties of soils 1.dynamic strength of soils動強度 2.wave velocity method波速法 3.material damping材料阻尼 4.geometric damping幾何阻尼 5.damping ratio阻尼比 6.initial liquefaction初始液化 7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期 8.dynamic shear modulus of soils動剪切模量 9.dynamic magnification factor動力放大因素 10.liquefaction strength抗