2020_2021學(xué)年高中英語Module5ATripAlongtheThreeGorgesGrammar學(xué)案外研版必修420210309197

1、Module 5A Trip Along the Three GorgesGrammar語法精講探究學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動詞讀下列句子, 指出句中的情態(tài)動詞及詞義。1. They could go anywhere they wished. (could, 能夠)2. You shouldnt go on those ships. (shouldnt, 不應(yīng)該)3. There wont be any other foreigners. (wont, 將不)4. We just had to show our passports. (had to, 不得不)5. We could see the su

2、n setting behind the white pagoda. (could, 能夠)情態(tài)動詞用在行為動詞前, 表示說話人對這一動作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但有的情態(tài)動詞有過去式。情態(tài)動詞雖然數(shù)量不多, 但用途廣泛, 主要有: can (could), may (might), must, need, dare (dared), will (would), shall (should), ought to。一、can與could1. can表示能力, 意為“能, 會, 能夠”; could表示過去的能力, 是can的過去式。*(2019全國卷)The key

3、board can determine peoples identities. 這種鍵盤能識別人的身份。(表示能力)*I can swim, but I cant skate. 我會游泳, 但不會滑冰。(表示能力)2. can表示“允許”或“請求允許”, 通常譯為“可以”。could 不表示過去時(shí), 而是表示更為客氣、婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出請求或表達(dá)看法。*Could/Can I get something to drink? 能給我來點(diǎn)喝的嗎? (表示請求)3. can表示推測, 譯為“可能”, 用在否定句和疑問句中。cant表示否定推測, 譯為“不可能”。could表示推測時(shí), 不表示過去時(shí), 而表示

4、推測的可能性比can小。*The ground isnt wet. It cant have rained last night. 地面不濕。昨晚不可能下雨了。*Do you believe what he says? 你相信他說的話嗎? Yes, it could be true. 是的。可能是真的。(表示推測)【知識延伸】(1)can 表示現(xiàn)在的能力, could 表示過去的能力。(2)在表示請求許可時(shí), can與could沒有時(shí)間區(qū)別, 在語氣上could 更加委婉客氣。(3)表示推測時(shí), cant+動詞原形, 表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的否定推測; cant +be+動詞-ing形式表示對現(xiàn)

5、在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的動作的否定推測; cant +have+動詞-ed形式表示對過去情況的否定推測。【巧學(xué)助記】can有能力允許, 否定不可能can表示“能夠”和“允許”; 否定式cant可表示否定推測, 表示“不可能”。【知識延伸】 can與be able tocan與be able to表示能力時(shí), 是同義的。但原形can只有can和過去式could兩種形式, 若需其他時(shí)態(tài)則用be able to。can泛指一般的能力。be able to 則主要指具體做到了某件事的能力。表示過去通過努力終于做成了某事要用be able to, 而不能用can。*He can/is able to spea

6、k two foreign languages. 他會講兩門外語。*Ill be able to drive the car in a week. 一周后我將能夠開車了。*I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. 船翻了, 我最后游到了岸上。(1)用恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空。(2018北京高考)In todays information age, the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company. We can choose between staying a

7、t home and taking a trip during the holiday. Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning? Yes, you can. (2)He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我們的經(jīng)理。他已經(jīng)去北京了。(3)(2018天津高考)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went after all. 鮑勃原以為他不能去參加聚會, 因?yàn)樗?/p>

8、必須寫一份報(bào)告, 但他終究還是去了。(4)I cant thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 我對你感激不盡, 因?yàn)槟阍谖覀儾辉诩視r(shí)幫助了我的兒子。二、may與might1. 在疑問句中用于征求對方的許可, 表示“可以”。might不表示過去, 表示一種比較委婉的口氣。*May I make a suggestion? 我可以提個(gè)建議嗎? (表示請求別人的允許)2. may表示“可以”, 即表示說話人同意、許可。但表示“不可以, 不許, 禁止”時(shí), 常用must not (mus

9、tnt)。*(2019全國卷)You may want to be a pilot but cant become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 你可能想成為一名飛行員, 但因?yàn)槟愕囊暳Σ粔蚝? 你不能當(dāng)飛行員。*You may leave if you like. 如果你想離開, 你可以離開。3. may/might表示推測, 意為“可能”。此時(shí) might 不表示過去, 只是表示的可能性更小。may/might not表示“可能不”。*Dont go near the river. It may be very deep. 不要

10、靠近那條河。它可能很深。*Mum is not in the living room. She might be cooking lunch in the kitchen. 媽媽不在客廳。她可能正在廚房做午飯?！局R延伸】(1)“may/might as well+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)用來建議或勸說某人做某事, 有時(shí)相當(dāng)于had better, 意為“還不如, 不妨”。*We may/might just as well have a try. 我們試一下未嘗不可。(2)may用于表示祝愿的句子中。*May you succeed! 祝你成功! (表示祝愿)*May you both be very

11、 happy! 祝你們倆幸福! (3)表示推測時(shí), may, might和could都表示“可能”。后跟動詞原形, 表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的推測; 后跟be+動詞-ing形式表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的動作的推測; 后跟have+動詞-ed形式表示對過去情況的推測。(1)根據(jù)語境完成下面的對話。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter? Yes, you may. 我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎? 是的, 你可以。I really dont like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He

12、might not come. 我真的不喜歡詹姆斯。你為什么邀請他? 別擔(dān)心。他或許不會來。 (2)(2020浙江高考)After a long run, you may feel like youre in pain, you may feel tired. 在長跑之后, 你可能會感到疼痛, 你可能會感到疲憊。(3)(2018江蘇高考)Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. 譯文: 孩子們不應(yīng)該接觸暴力電影, 因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苣７滤麄兯吹降臇|西。【補(bǔ)償訓(xùn)

13、練】(1)May you be happy every day! 愿你快樂每一天! (2)You may/might as well tell him the truth. 你不妨告訴他事實(shí)吧。(3)He may/might well stay in Beijing now. 他現(xiàn)在很可能待在北京。三、must1. 表示“必須”; 用于第一人稱時(shí), 表示說話人認(rèn)為有義務(wù)、有必要做某事; 用于第二、三人稱時(shí), 表示說話人的命令或要求別人做某事; 用于疑問句中表示詢問對方的意圖。*We must keep quiet in the library. 在圖書館我們必須保持安靜。*(2020新高考全國

14、卷)Museums must compete for peoples spare time and money with other amusements. 博物館必須與其他娛樂活動爭奪人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和金錢。*Must we hand in our exercise books today? No, you dont have to/neednt. 今天我們必須交上練習(xí)冊嗎? 不, 不必交。2. mustnt表示“不許, 禁止”, 語氣較強(qiáng)烈。*Cars mustnt be parked here. 此地不準(zhǔn)停車。(mustnt表示禁止)3. must表示肯定的推測, 意為“準(zhǔn)是, 一定是”,

15、 通常只用于肯定句。*This must be good for you. 這肯定對你是有益的。(表肯定推測)4. must 表示推測must表示推測時(shí), 僅用于肯定句, 否定句要用cant。對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y用must, 若對過去動作進(jìn)行推測, 則用must have done。*You havent eaten anything since morning, you must be hungry. 你從早晨就沒吃東西, 你肯定餓了。*He cant be at home. I havent seen him for a long time. 他不可能在家, 我好長時(shí)間沒見到他了。5. mu

16、st表示堅(jiān)持, 意為“非要, 偏要”。*Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出這么多的噪音嗎? (表示非要, 偏要)6. must與have to的區(qū)別。(1)兩者都表示“必須”, 但must 側(cè)重指說話者的主觀看法, 說話人認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事; have to側(cè)重指客觀需要, 含有“不得不”“被迫”之意。*Everyone must keep the law. 人人都要守法。*The last train has gone. Well have to walk home. 最后一班車已經(jīng)離開了。我們不得不走回家了。(2)從時(shí)態(tài)方面看, must 只有原

17、形一種形式, 而 have to 則有多種時(shí)態(tài)形式, 也可以有非謂語動詞形式。(3)must 的否定式 mustnt 意為“一定不要, 不允許”; 而have to的否定式dont have to 意為“不必”(=neednt)。*You dont have to tell him about it. 你不必告訴他這件事?！局R延伸】(1)mustnt表示“禁止, 不許”; 不表示推測。(2)must表示肯定推測, 用于肯定句, 譯為“一定, 肯定”; cant表示否定推測, 譯為“不可能”。(3)must引導(dǎo)的疑問句的肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt或dont have to。(

18、1)根據(jù)語境猜測黑體部分的詞義。(2019天津高考)Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23. (必須)But life must be pretty tough for his family now. (一定, 肯定)Next, give way to passers-by politely at the crossroads and you mustnt run the red light. (禁止, 不許)(2)We must act as quickly as possible no

19、w. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not. 現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動。你只告訴我們你能否承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)就行。(3)I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. 我現(xiàn)在不得不走了, 因?yàn)槲夷赣H在住院。(4)You mustnt play with the knife, or you may hurt yourself. 你千萬不要玩刀, 否則你會傷到你自己的。(5)If you must go, at least wait until the storm is ove

20、r. 如果你非要走, 至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停了。四、will與would的基本用法1. 表示意愿, will用于指現(xiàn)在的意愿, would用于指過去的意愿。2. will和would可用于征求意見或提出請求, 此時(shí)would 不表示過去, 只是語氣更委婉。3. would通常與like, love, prefer, be glad, be happy等連用, 用于提出想法。4. 表示習(xí)慣或傾向: 既可指某人特有的習(xí)慣, 也可指事物的自然傾向。will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣, would表示過去的習(xí)慣。*If he will, he can do it. 如果他愿意, 他會做的。(will 用于條件句, 用

21、于第三人稱)*Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office? 請問到郵局怎么走? (表示客氣請求)*Would you give me your address? 請你告訴我你的地址, 好嗎? (用would比will更客氣)*I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。(表示過去的習(xí)慣)*(2019浙江高考)Only on special occasions would they take it out an

22、d let us hold it in our hands. 只有在特殊情況下, 他們才會把它拿出來, 讓我們握在手中。(表示習(xí)慣或傾向)(1)單句改錯(cuò)。When I was a child, I will visit my grandpa every week. (will改為would)Will you like to come to the party tonight? (Will改為Would)If she would, she can sit here waiting for our manager. (would改為will)(2)Will/Would you please clo

23、se the window? 請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎? (3)I will never talk to him again. 我再也不會和他說話了。(4)Fish will die without water. 沒有水, 魚會死的。五、shall與should的基本用法1. shall在疑問句中用于征求對方意見, 主要用于第一人稱和第三人稱; 在陳述句中表示說話者的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等, 主要用于第二、三人稱。2. should意思是“應(yīng)該”。表示責(zé)任或義務(wù), 也可用于提出建議或勸告。表示推測時(shí), 意為“按理說應(yīng)該”。*Shall he come to see you? 要不要他

24、來看你? (用于第三人稱疑問句) *Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. 告訴他明天給他這本書。 (表允諾)*The rules shall take effect on Jan. 1st. 這些規(guī)定于1月1日起生效。 (表示規(guī)定)*(2020全國卷)In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique. 事實(shí)上, 任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)

25、該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競走者, 學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)。*You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. 你不應(yīng)該總是以貌取人。(shouldnt “不應(yīng)該”, 含有勸告的意思)【知識延伸】(1)should可用于虛擬語氣中。*I insisted that he (should)stay. 我堅(jiān)持要他留下。(should可省略)*He suggested that she (should)come another day. 他建議她改天再來。(should可省略)(2)should用于某些句式中表示說話者的驚訝。*Its strange that h

26、e should come so late. 他竟然來這么遲真是奇怪。*Im sorry that this should have happened. 我很遺憾, 竟發(fā)生了這事兒。(1)All payments shall be paid by the end of the month according to the agreement. 根據(jù)協(xié)議, 本月底所有款項(xiàng)必須付清。(2)If you will listen to me, you shall get a new bike. 如果你愿意聽我的話, 你就會得到一輛新自行車。(3)When you are tired, you shou

27、ldnt go on working and should have a good rest. 當(dāng)你疲倦時(shí), 你不應(yīng)該繼續(xù)工作, 應(yīng)該好好休息一下。(4)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food. 讓我覺得難過的是他們本身就很窮, 竟然還給我?guī)硎澄?。六、need 與dare1. 二者都可以作情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞。當(dāng)作情態(tài)動詞時(shí), 后面要接動詞原形, 通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。用作行為動詞時(shí), 其變化和一般的動詞相同, 有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動詞do, does,

28、did。dare用作行為動詞, 用于否定句和疑問句時(shí), 常省略后面的to。 *He neednt worry about it. 他不需要擔(dān)心這件事。*Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告訴她真相嗎? 2. need作行為動詞時(shí), 若主語為動作的承受者, 用動詞的主動形式表示被動意義或用不定式的被動形式。*These flowers need watering/to be watered. 這些花兒需要被澆。3. I dare say為習(xí)慣說法, 意為“我想, 大概”。*I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是對的。【知識延伸】 回

29、答need的問句need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的答語, 肯定用must, 否定用neednt。 *Need I go with her? 我需要和她一起去嗎? Yes, you must. 是的, 你必須去。No, you neednt. 不, 你不必去。(1)Dare she risk staying where she was? 她敢冒險(xiǎn)待在原地不動嗎? (2)I love weekends, because I neednt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 我喜歡周末, 因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也槐卦缙稹?3)I am so afraid that I d

30、are not move. 我是如此害怕以至于不敢動。(4)I neednt use a clock to wake me up, because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 我不必用鬧鐘來叫醒自己, 因?yàn)槊刻煸缟狭c(diǎn)都有火車從我家旁邊經(jīng)過。課時(shí)檢測素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo). 選用下面的情態(tài)動詞填空dare, would, must, may, can, shall, will, neednt, cant, mustnt1. When I was a boy, I would go to school on foot. 2.

31、“That must be a mistake, ” he said firmly. 3. Will your brother stay at home tonight? Im not quite sure. He may go to the cinema tonight. 【拓展訓(xùn)練】You may as well make a suggestion about how to go on a trip in two days. 4. Shall we go shopping this afternoon? 5. After Ive finished my course, I can/may

32、speak English fluently. 6. Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we neednt bring anything with us? 7. The new law states that people mustnt drive after drinking alcohol. 8. That man cant be Tom, for he is not so tall. 9. (2020浙江高考)Now he hopes that other cities will consider mak

33、ing their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger. 10. Seeing my fearless look, the big boy dare not pick up the fight. . 根據(jù)提示用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞填空1. Not everything we learn at school can/may(能夠/可以)be used in our everyday life. 2. If possible, I will(愿意) offer you any help you need. 3. He would(總是) come