翻譯分類11公選1Unit2

1、翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 Chapter One Unit 2 Classification of Translation 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 1. In terms of languages: (1) Native languages into foreign languages (2) Foreign languages into native languages 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 2. In terms of language signs: In his seminal paper, On Linguistic Aspects of Trans

2、lation, Jakobson makes a very important distinction between three types of written translation. (1)語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯（語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯（intralingual translation) (2)語(yǔ)際翻譯語(yǔ)際翻譯 (interlingual translation) (3)符際翻譯符際翻譯(intersemiotic translation) 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 Intralingual translation 語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯: translation within the same langua

3、ge, which can involve rewording or paraphrase ; an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language; 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 (2) Interlingual translation語(yǔ)際翻譯：語(yǔ)際翻譯： Translation from one language to another; an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other languages. 翻譯分類，

4、11公選，1，Unit2 (3) Intersemiotic translation符際翻譯：符際翻譯： translation of the verbal sign by a non- verbal sign, for example music or image; an interpretation of verbal signs by means of nonverbal sign system or vice versa. 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 E.g.(1) 子張問(wèn)仁于孔子。孔子曰：能行五子張問(wèn)仁于孔子。孔子曰：能行五 者于天下，為仁矣。者于天下，為仁矣。 請(qǐng)問(wèn)之。請(qǐng)問(wèn)

5、之。 曰：恭、寬、信、敏、惠。恭則不侮，寬曰：恭、寬、信、敏、惠。恭則不侮，寬 則得眾，信則人任焉，敏則有功，惠則足則得眾，信則人任焉，敏則有功，惠則足 以使人。以使人。 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 E.g.(1) 子張問(wèn)仁于孔子。孔子曰：能行五者于子張問(wèn)仁于孔子。孔子曰：能行五者于 天下，為仁矣。天下，為仁矣。 請(qǐng)問(wèn)之。請(qǐng)問(wèn)之。 曰：恭、寬、信、敏、惠。恭則不侮，寬則得曰：恭、寬、信、敏、惠。恭則不侮，寬則得 眾，信則人任焉，敏則有功，惠則足以使人。眾，信則人任焉，敏則有功，惠則足以使人。 語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯：語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯： 子張問(wèn)孔子什么是仁?？鬃诱f(shuō)：能走遍天子張問(wèn)孔子什么是仁。孔子說(shuō)：能走遍天

6、 下做到以下五點(diǎn)的就是仁者。下做到以下五點(diǎn)的就是仁者。 “能否請(qǐng)您說(shuō)明一下？能否請(qǐng)您說(shuō)明一下？” 孔子說(shuō)：孔子說(shuō)：“恭敬、寬厚、誠(chéng)信、敏捷、恩惠。恭敬、寬厚、誠(chéng)信、敏捷、恩惠。 對(duì)人恭敬就不會(huì)受侮辱，待人寬厚就會(huì)得民心，對(duì)人恭敬就不會(huì)受侮辱，待人寬厚就會(huì)得民心， 言行一致就會(huì)受信任，做事敏捷就會(huì)有成效，言行一致就會(huì)受信任，做事敏捷就會(huì)有成效， 施行恩惠就可以差使人。施行恩惠就可以差使人?！?翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 譯文：譯文：Zhuansun Shi(顓孫師顓孫師), who styled himself Zizhang, asked the Master about ren. T

7、he Master said: “A person who is able to observe the following five maxims anywhere he goes is ren.” “Could you please elaborate?” The Master said: “The five maxims are: be humble, be tolerant, be reliable, be prompt, and be generous. If you are humble, you will not be humiliated; if you are toleran

8、t, you will win over the populace; if you are reliable, people will trust you; if you are prompt, you will be efficient; if you are generous, that will be enough to make people work willingly for you. ” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 e.g. (2)原文：子曰：原文：子曰：“學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之，不亦 樂(lè)乎樂(lè)乎!有朋友自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂(lè)乎有朋友自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂(lè)乎!人不知人不知 而不慍，

9、不亦君子乎而不慍，不亦君子乎!” 語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯:孔子說(shuō)：“學(xué)了知識(shí)并且經(jīng)常 復(fù)習(xí)，不也是令人愉快的事嗎？有志同 道合的人從遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不也是值得高興的 事嗎？別人不了解自己，但自己不惱怒， 這不也是君子的風(fēng)度嗎？” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 語(yǔ)際翻譯：語(yǔ)際翻譯： 譯文譯文1: 理雅各譯理雅各譯:The Master said: “Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application?” Is it not pleasant to have friends coming from distant

10、 quarters? Is it not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? (Translated by James Legge ) 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 譯文譯文2： Arthur Waley(英國(guó)漢學(xué)家亞英國(guó)漢學(xué)家亞 瑟瑟 威利威利) )譯譯:The Master said，To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt，Is that not after all a pl

11、easure? That friends should come to one from afar, Is this not after all delightful? To remain unsoured even though ones merits are unrecognized by others, Is that not after all what is expected of a gentleman? 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 譯文譯文3：王福林王福林譯：譯：Confucius said: “Isnt it a pleasure for one to learn an

12、d then constantly review and practise what he has already learned? Isnt it a pleasure for one to have like-minded people coming from faraway places? If others dont know him, he doesnt feel displeased. Isnt it a superior persons bearing?” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 譯文譯文4：賴波、夏玉和賴波、夏玉和譯：譯： Confucius said, “Is i

13、t not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar？Is it not a gentleman after all who will not take offence when others fail to appreciate him?” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 譯文譯文5：潘富恩、溫少霞潘富恩、溫少霞譯：譯：The Master said, “Is it not pl

14、easant to learn and to review constantly what one has learned? Is it not delightful to have friends coming afar? Is he not a superior man, who feels no discontent though others do not know him?” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 譯文譯文6： 丁往道譯：丁往道譯： Confucius said, “Is it not a pleasure to learn and practise from time

15、 to time what is learned? Is it not a joy to see a friend who has come from a faraway place? Is it not gentlemanly to have no resentment when one is not properly understood?” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 E.g.(3) 子曰：子曰：“三人行，必有我?guī)熑诵校赜形規(guī)?焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而焉。擇其善者而從之，其不善者而 改之。改之。” 語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯：孔子說(shuō)：語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯：孔子說(shuō)：“三個(gè)人同行，三個(gè)人同行， 其中便一

16、定有值得我學(xué)習(xí)的人。我其中便一定有值得我學(xué)習(xí)的人。我 選取他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而學(xué)習(xí)，用他的那些選取他的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而學(xué)習(xí)，用他的那些 缺點(diǎn)而反躬自問(wèn)，如果自己有同樣缺點(diǎn)而反躬自問(wèn)，如果自己有同樣 的缺點(diǎn)就改正。的缺點(diǎn)就改正。” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 這是這是論語(yǔ)論語(yǔ)“述而篇第七述而篇第七”中的第二十中的第二十 一篇。此篇表明，孔子謙虛好學(xué)，不放一篇。此篇表明，孔子謙虛好學(xué)，不放 過(guò)任何機(jī)會(huì)向別人學(xué)習(xí)。本篇中的關(guān)鍵過(guò)任何機(jī)會(huì)向別人學(xué)習(xí)。本篇中的關(guān)鍵 詞是詞是“師師”、“擇擇”、“善者善者”、“從從 之之”、“改之改之”。在對(duì)原文的理解上，。在對(duì)原文的理解上， 一般不會(huì)有大的出入。只是在對(duì)一般不會(huì)有大

17、的出入。只是在對(duì)“善者善者” 的詮釋上稍有深淺之分，有人理解為的詮釋上稍有深淺之分，有人理解為 “優(yōu)點(diǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)”merits; 有人理解為有人理解為“善的品善的品 德德”、“長(zhǎng)處長(zhǎng)處”good qualities，本質(zhì)上，本質(zhì)上 沒(méi)有大的區(qū)別。沒(méi)有大的區(qū)別。 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 （1）. “三人行三人行”：三人同行；：三人同行； 三人在一起走路三人在一起走路walk along with two others; three are walking together。也有人理解。也有人理解 為為“幾個(gè)人在一起走幾個(gè)人在一起走 路路”walking in the company of

18、other men。 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 （2）. “必有我?guī)熝杀赜形規(guī)熝伞保皫煄煛保豪希豪?師師teacher。“焉焉”：是兼詞，相當(dāng)：是兼詞，相當(dāng) 于于“于之于之”，意即，意即“在那里在那里”，即，即 “他們他們”。全句理解為。全句理解為“其中一定其中一定 有我值得學(xué)習(xí)的人有我值得學(xué)習(xí)的人”。有人譯為。有人譯為I am sure to find teachers among them; 有人譯為有人譯為I can always be certain of learning from those I am with。 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 （3）. “擇其善者

19、而從之擇其善者而從之”，“擇擇”：選擇；：選擇； 選取：找出來(lái)選?。赫页鰜?lái)select; pick out; find out。 “善者善者”：優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長(zhǎng)處；善的品德：優(yōu)點(diǎn)；長(zhǎng)處；善的品德good qualities; merits?！岸保捍似械膬蓚€(gè)：此篇中的兩個(gè) “而而”都是連詞，所連接的后一部分（都是連詞，所連接的后一部分（“從之從之” 和和“改之改之”），是前一部分（），是前一部分（“擇其善者擇其善者”和和 “擇其不善者擇其不善者”）的目的，相當(dāng)于）的目的，相當(dāng)于“以便以便”。 “從從”：學(xué)習(xí)；效仿：學(xué)習(xí)；效仿follow; learn from; for imitation?！爸?/p>

20、”：此篇中的兩個(gè)：此篇中的兩個(gè)“之之”都是都是 代詞，第一個(gè)代詞，第一個(gè)“之之”指指“善者善者”，第二個(gè)，第二個(gè)“之之” 指指“不善者不善者”。全句譯為。全句譯為I will find out their merits so as to follow them. 或或I will select their good qualities and follow them。 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 （4）. “其不善者而改之其不善者而改之”，“不善者不善者”： 缺點(diǎn)，有人譯為缺點(diǎn)，有人譯為bad qualities或或faults, 與與good qualities相對(duì)應(yīng)；有人譯為相對(duì)應(yīng)

21、；有人譯為 demerits或或shortcomings,與與merits相相 對(duì)應(yīng)。對(duì)應(yīng)?！案母摹保焊恼?；避免。譯法有：改正；避免。譯法有 correct, overcome和和 avoid，全句可譯，全句可譯 作作Ill select their demerits so as to avoid them。 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 六種譯文：六種譯文： 1. 理雅各理雅各（James Legge）譯：）譯： The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.

22、I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 2. Arthur Waley(英國(guó)漢學(xué)家亞瑟英國(guó)漢學(xué)家亞瑟 威利威利) ) 譯譯：The Master said, Even when walking in a party of no more than three I can always be certain of learning from those I am with. There will be good qualit

23、ies that I can select for imitation and bad ones that will teach me what requires correction in myself. 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 3.王福林王福林譯譯：Confucius said, “When I walk together with two others, they can surely serve as my teachers. Ill find out their merits so as to follow them and their demerits so as to

24、 avoid them.” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 4.賴波、夏玉和賴波、夏玉和譯：Confucius said, “When walking in the company of other men, there must be one I can learn something from. I shall pick out his merits to follow and his shortcomings for reference to overcome my own.” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 5.潘富恩、溫少霞潘富恩、溫少霞譯譯：The Master said,

25、 “When three are walking together, I am sure to find teachers among them. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 6.丁往道丁往道譯譯：Confucius said, “Whenever I walk with two other men, I can always find teachers in them. I can lean from the

26、ir good qualities, and correct those faults in me which are like theirs.” 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 E.g.(4) 原文：原文：A: What does your watch say? B: It says “five past three”. 翻譯分類，11公選，1，Unit2 點(diǎn)評(píng)點(diǎn)評(píng) 在這一對(duì)話中，在這一對(duì)話中，B實(shí)際上是在迸行一種實(shí)際上是在迸行一種 翻譯，這種翻譯叫做符際翻譯翻譯，這種翻譯叫做符際翻譯(intersemiotic translation)，即語(yǔ)言同非語(yǔ)言符號(hào)之間的代，即語(yǔ)言同非語(yǔ)言符號(hào)之

27、間的代 碼轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)碼轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)A詢問(wèn)詢問(wèn)B幾點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，幾點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，B只能看鐘只能看鐘 或者看手表，而鐘或者手表并不能說(shuō)話，或者看手表，而鐘或者手表并不能說(shuō)話，B只只 能根據(jù)鐘表的時(shí)針和分針來(lái)確定具體兒點(diǎn)鐘了。能根據(jù)鐘表的時(shí)針和分針來(lái)確定具體兒點(diǎn)鐘了。 而而B所言實(shí)際上是言語(yǔ)傳達(dá)一個(gè)非言語(yǔ)信息所言實(shí)際上是言語(yǔ)傳達(dá)一個(gè)非言語(yǔ)信息 (non-linguistic message)。將非言語(yǔ)信息用。將非言語(yǔ)信息用 言語(yǔ)傳達(dá)出來(lái)是翻譯的一種方式，這不是從一言語(yǔ)傳達(dá)出來(lái)是翻譯的一種方式，這不是從一 種語(yǔ)言到另一種語(yǔ)言的轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程，而是從非語(yǔ)種語(yǔ)言到另一種語(yǔ)言的轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程，而是從非語(yǔ) 言交際系統(tǒng)到語(yǔ)言交際系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程。非語(yǔ)言交言交際系統(tǒng)到語(yǔ)言交際系統(tǒng)的過(guò)程。非語(yǔ)言交 際系統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)言交際系統(tǒng)的共同特征是兩者都屬際系統(tǒng)和語(yǔ)言交際系統(tǒng)