初中英語(yǔ)詞組與句型整理歸納

1、初中英語(yǔ)詞組與句型整理歸納短語(yǔ)、詞組歸納由動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)、詞組很多。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)分類處理：一、動(dòng)詞+介詞1look at看，look like 看上去像，look after照料2listen to聽(tīng)3welcome to歡迎到4say hello to向問(wèn)好5speak to對(duì)說(shuō)話此類短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須帶賓語(yǔ)，但賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.()This is my new bike. Please look after it.()二、動(dòng)詞+副詞“動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)義分為兩類：

2、A動(dòng)詞（vt.）+副詞1put on穿上2take off脫下3write down記下此類短語(yǔ)可以帶賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)若是名詞，放在副詞前后皆可；賓語(yǔ)若是人稱代詞，只能放在副詞的前面。試比較：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. ()First listen to the answer, then write down it.()First listen to the answer, then write it down.()B動(dòng)詞（vi）+副詞。1come on趕快2get up起床3

3、go home回家4come in進(jìn)來(lái)5sit down坐下6stand up起立此類短語(yǔ)屬于不及物動(dòng)詞，不可以帶賓語(yǔ)。三、其它類動(dòng)詞詞組1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介詞短語(yǔ)聚焦“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)稱為介詞短語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語(yǔ)按用法進(jìn)行歸類。1in+語(yǔ)言/顏色/衣帽等，表示使用某種語(yǔ)言或穿

4、著。如：in English，in the hat2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/隊(duì)/班級(jí)/年級(jí)”等.3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時(shí)間.4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”.5in the tree表示“在樹(shù)上(非樹(shù)本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在樹(shù)上(為樹(shù)本身所有)”。如：There are somein the tree. There are many appleson the trees.6in th

5、e wall表示“在墻上（凹陷進(jìn)去）”；on the wall表示“在墻上（指墻的表面）”。如：Therere four windowsin the wall, and there is a mapon the back wall.7at work（在工作）/at school（上學(xué)）/at home（在家）應(yīng)注意此類短語(yǔ)中無(wú)the.8at +時(shí)刻表示鐘點(diǎn)。如：at six, at half , past ten.9like this/that表示方式，意為“像這/那樣”.10of短語(yǔ)表示所屬關(guān)系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China.11beh

6、ind/ beside/ near/ under+名詞等，表示方位、處所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree.12from與to多表示方向，前者意為“從”，后者意為“到”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work.另外，以下這些短語(yǔ)也必須掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)快速?gòu)?fù)習(xí)1.kinds of各種各樣的2. either

7、or或者或者，不是就是3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it中國(guó)清茶5. take a seat就坐6. home cooking家常做法7. be famous for因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的盡頭，在的末尾11. wait for等待12. in time及時(shí)13. make ones way to往（艱難地）走去14. just then正在那時(shí)15. first of all首先，第一16. go

8、 wrong走錯(cuò)路17. be/get lost迷路18. make a noise吵鬧，喧嘩19. get on上車20. get off下車21. stand in line站隊(duì)22. waiting room候診室，候車室23. at the head of在的前頭24. laugh at嘲笑25. throw about亂丟，拋散26. in fact實(shí)際上27. at midnight在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb.和某人吵架30. take ones temperature給某人體溫31. h

9、ave/get a pain in某處疼痛32. have a headache頭痛33. as soon as一就34. feel like doing sth.想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth.阻止干某事36. fall asleep入睡37. again and again再三地，反復(fù)地38. wake up醒來(lái)，叫醒39. instead of代替40. look over檢查41. take exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)42. had better(not) do sth.最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend在周末44. on time按時(shí)45. ou

10、t of從向外46. all by oneself獨(dú)立，單獨(dú)47. lots of=a lot of許多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more不再49. get back回來(lái)，取回50. sooner or later遲早51. run away逃跑52. eat up吃光，吃完53. run after追趕54. take sth. with sb.某人隨身帶著某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well)（好好）照顧，照料56. think of考慮到，想起57. keep a diary堅(jiān)持寫日記58. leave

11、one by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下59. harder and harder越來(lái)越厲害60. turn on打開(kāi)（電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣等）61. turn off關(guān)重點(diǎn)句型大回放1I think意為“我認(rèn)為”，是對(duì)某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I dont think，如：I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right.2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth.意為“把給”，動(dòng)詞give之后可接雙賓語(yǔ)，可用這兩種句型；若指物的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，則只能用give it/ them to sb

12、.如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)3take sb./ sth. to意為“把(送)帶到”，后常接地點(diǎn)，也可接人。如：Please take the new books to the classroom.4One, the other/One isand one is意為“一個(gè)是；另一個(gè)是”，必須是兩者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或One is red, the other is grey.

13、5Let sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”，人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，其否定式為Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth.另外，Lets與Let us的含義不完全相同，前者包括聽(tīng)者在內(nèi)，后者不包括聽(tīng)者在內(nèi)，如：Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，后者用介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)，二者可以互換。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me

14、help you with it.7What about？/How about？意為“怎么樣？”是用來(lái)詢問(wèn)或征求對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)、意見(jiàn)、看法等。about為介詞，其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess?8Its time to do/ Its time for sth.意為“該做的時(shí)間了”，其中to后須接原形動(dòng)詞，for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。如：Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper.9like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”，如：Li Lei and h

15、is friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動(dòng)作；后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，試比較：Tom likesswimming, but doesnt liketo swimthis afternoon.10ask sb.(not) to do sth.意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，如：Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do.意為“把某物給某人看”，該句型的用法同前

16、面第2點(diǎn)。如：Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend.12introduce sb. to sb.意為“把某人介紹給另一人”；introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。如：Introduce your family to her.重溫重點(diǎn)句型1So + be助動(dòng)詞情牽動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人（物）時(shí)，常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“另一人（物）也如此?！鼻懊骊愂龅姆穸ㄇ闆r也適于另一人（物）時(shí)，常用“Neither/ Nor + be助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”這種

17、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：He likes playing basketball, and so do I.他喜歡打籃球，我也喜歡。Kate cant speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim凱特不會(huì)說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。吉姆也不會(huì)。注意：“So+主語(yǔ)+be助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”這一句型常用于表示贊同，進(jìn)一步肯定對(duì)方的看法，表示“的確如此。”“是呀?！崩纾阂籅asketball is very popular game in America籃球在美國(guó)是一項(xiàng)很受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。一So it is的確如此。2Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossin

18、g.這一指路的句型意為“在第一二個(gè)十字路口向右左拐?！毕喈?dāng)于Take the firstsecondturning on therightleft.例如：一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office？你能告訴我去最近的郵局的路嗎？一Walk along this road，and turn left at the third crossing.沿著這條路走，在第三個(gè)路口向左拐。3It takes sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時(shí)間?！逼渲械膇t是形式主語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）才是真正的主語(yǔ)。

19、例如：It took me half an hour to finish the hard work完成這項(xiàng)艱巨的工作花了我半個(gè)小時(shí)。4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的it是形式賓語(yǔ)，不可用其它代詞替代，形容詞作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）才是真正的賓語(yǔ)。例如：I found it important to learn English well.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。5Whats wrong with？此句型相當(dāng)于Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意

20、為“某人怎么了？”例如：Whats wrong with your bike？你的自行車出什么毛病了？一Its broken它壞了。Whats wrong with you？你怎么了？一I have a pain in my head我頭痛。6tooto在sothat復(fù)合句中，that后的句子是否定句時(shí)，常與簡(jiǎn)單句tooto（太而不能）進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：He is so young to go to school（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）He is too young to go to school在sothat復(fù)合句中，that后的句子是肯定句時(shí)，常與簡(jiǎn)單句enough to進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Thi

21、s maths problem was so easy that we could work it out.（改為簡(jiǎn)單句）This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out.7Sorry to hear that.全句應(yīng)為Im sorry to hear that.意為“聽(tīng)到此事我很難過(guò)（遺憾）?！背Ｓ糜趯?duì)別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。例如：My mother is ill, so I have to look after her at home.我母親病了，因此我必須在家照看她。Sorry to hear that.聽(tīng)到此事我很難過(guò)。重

22、點(diǎn)句型、詞組大盤點(diǎn)1. She used to be a Chinese teacher.她過(guò)去是一位漢語(yǔ)老師。用法used to +動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意。搭配used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do.比較used to do sth.過(guò)去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于做某事；be used to do sth.被用來(lái)做某事。舉例1) I used to read in bed.我過(guò)去總是躺在床上看書。2)Did he use to work into the n

23、ight?或Used he to work into the night?他以前總是工作到深夜嗎？3)I am used to getting up early.我習(xí)慣早起。4)Knives are used to cut things.刀是用來(lái)削東西的。2.return it sooner or later.遲早要將它歸還。用法l)sooner or later意為“遲早”、“早晚”。2)return此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“歸還”，相當(dāng)于give back.拓展return還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“返回”，相當(dāng)于go back或come back。舉例l)He will find his s

24、hortcoming sooner or later.他遲早會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他的缺點(diǎn)的。2)When will you return to your hometown?什么時(shí)候回老家？nbsp;3)I have returned the book to the library.我已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了。3.No matter what the weather is like無(wú)論天氣用法no matter what相當(dāng)于whatever，其意為“無(wú)論什么”，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。拓展類似no matter what的表達(dá)方式還有：no matter when無(wú)論什么時(shí)候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matt

25、er where無(wú)論什么地方no matter who無(wú)論誰(shuí)no matter how無(wú)論怎么樣舉例l)No matter what he does,nbsp; he always tries to do it well.無(wú)論做什么事，他總是力求做好。2)No matter what happens, I will take your side.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事，我都將支持你。3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully.無(wú)論誰(shuí)做報(bào)告，我們都應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真聽(tīng)。4)No matter how he goes to work, he is

26、never late.無(wú)論怎么樣去上班，他從不遲到。4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。用法practise doing sth.表示“實(shí)踐、練習(xí)（做）某事”。拓展practice名詞，“實(shí)踐”、“實(shí)施”、“練習(xí)”；put a plan into practice實(shí)行某計(jì)劃。舉例l)The boy practised making a new sound.那男孩練習(xí)發(fā)出新的聲音。2)She practised the piano two hours every day.她每天練習(xí)兩個(gè)小時(shí)的鋼琴。3)We have laid the plan and now we must put it into practice.我們已經(jīng)制訂出計(jì)劃，現(xiàn)在必須實(shí)施。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.他鼓勵(lì)大家參加保護(hù)我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動(dòng)。用法1)encourage用作動(dòng)