2021屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解分類練習(xí)專題01閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解學(xué)與練含解析

1、閱讀理解分類練習(xí)之細(xì)節(jié)理解part 1整體感知一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題分類：直接信息題和間接信息題（語意轉(zhuǎn)換題）常出的設(shè)問方式：殊疑問句形式。常常以when, where, why, what, which, who, how much/many等疑問詞引出的問題。1. which tour do you need to book in advance?2. what will you do on the capital city bike tour?3. how long does potty about potter last?4. how much should a member of a tou

2、r group pay to visit hall&gardens?5. where can you buy a souvenir at pacifiv science center?二、正確選項(xiàng)特征1. 同義替換。指對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同意替換。如把reserve替換成了book。有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，例如把reserve替換成reservation；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)；如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。2. 信息歸納。用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。3.正話反說。把原文的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。三、干擾選項(xiàng)特征1. 張冠李戴。是原文

3、信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。2. 無中生有。符合常識，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。3. 曲解文意。與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動。4. 顛倒是非。在意思上與原文大相徑庭人甚至完全相反。5. 正誤參半。部分正確，部分錯誤part 2 解題方法方法1 直接信息題從題干中找關(guān)鍵詞 回歸原文，快速瀏覽原文定位與關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的信息句 仔細(xì)核對比較內(nèi)容，找到答案典題例證（2018.全國卷i閱讀a節(jié)選）washington capital sites at night bicycle tour duration:3 hours(7miles)join a small group bike tour fo

4、r an evening of exploration in the heart of washington, d.c. get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of capitol hill and the national mall. frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water

5、. all riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.23. which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?a. city maps. b. cameras.c. meals d. safety lights第一步：依據(jù)題干信息，選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞仔細(xì)閱讀題干可知“at night”為問題的定位關(guān)鍵詞。第二步：由定位關(guān)鍵詞，回歸原文進(jìn)行信息定位帶著“at night”這個定位關(guān)鍵詞，通過尋讀、略讀等技巧可快速找到有此關(guān)鍵詞的句子“tour in

6、cludes bike, helmet, and bottled water. all riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”，根據(jù)此句，可以迅速確定答案為d選項(xiàng)。方法2 間接信息題第一步：審讀題干抓關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息區(qū)間1. 確定關(guān)鍵詞時，要注意該詞在原文中的唯一性，這樣有助于快速定位原文的信息區(qū)間。2. 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，結(jié)合命題順序原則（題目的順序與文章的順序大體一致）回到原文找命題區(qū)間。第二步：選項(xiàng)與原文逐一對比，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾選項(xiàng)，確定正確答案典題例證（2017.全國卷ii閱讀d節(jié)選）when a lea

7、fy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. back in 1983, two scientists,jack schultz and ian baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. these chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an

8、 alarm.what the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, vocs for short. 32. what does a plant do when it is under attack?a. it makes noises. b. it gets help from other plants.c. it stands quietly d. it sends out certain chemicals.第一步：審讀題干找出關(guān)鍵詞，定位信息區(qū)

9、間根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞的醒目性和唯一性原則，可以確定本題的關(guān)鍵詞為plant和under attack。從而定位本題的信息區(qū)間為所節(jié)選段。第二步：選項(xiàng)與原文逐一對比，確定正確選項(xiàng)a. it makes noises.信息定位when a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly send out a particular smell 對比分析，選項(xiàng)定性：無中生有b. it gets help from other plants.信息定位young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a

10、particular smell that neighboring plants can get. 對比分析,選項(xiàng)定性：曲解文意c. it stands quietly. 信息定位when a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. 對比分析,選項(xiàng)定性：顛倒是非d. it sends out certain chemicals.信息定位send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get known as volatile organic compounds, vo

11、cs for short. 對比分析,選項(xiàng)定性：信息歸納part 3 閱讀理解仿真組合練abutterfly garden (permanent exhibit)walk among the free-flying residents of this warm conservatory. it is a wonderful opportunity to get close to a variety of living butterflies from new england and across the globe. the “emergence box” offers a window in

12、to the butterfly behavior. look inside to see hanging chrysalids (蝶蛹) transform into adult butterflies. tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least two weeks in advance.a birds world (permanent exhibit)this exhibit features the museums extraordinary collection of birds, displaying over

13、 300 species found in new england. here, you can learn to interpret the bird language taking place just outside your window at home.test your observation skills and see if you can get past different birds without them alerting (發(fā)信號) other animals to your presence. learn to identify birds from a dist

14、ance by recognizing unique flight patterns. practice your flying technique in the bird walk.hall of human life (permanent exhibit)should you have your babys dna sequenced? what keeps you awake? step inside the hall of human life, the museums new biology exhibition, and encounter such far-reaching qu

15、estions on an amazing journey inside the human body. through digital media and personal interaction, you become “part of the story, as you contribute your own data in a process of learning and discovery.body worlds & the cycle of life (temporary exhibit now open!)body worlds comes to the museum of s

16、cience with a new chapter, gunther von hagens body worlds & the cycle of life. dont miss this truly unique opportunity to look within yourself and gain a whole new perspective on what it means to be alive. more than one hundred preserved human specimens reveal the wonders of human development and sh

17、ow how poor health, good health, and lifestyle choices can shape your body.1. which exhibit do you need to book in advance?a. butterfly gardenb. a birds worldc. hall of human lifed. body worlds & the cycle of life2. what can you do in a birds world?a. improve your own flying technique.b. communicate

18、 with birds in body language.c. watch digital media showing birds history.d. see different birds from all over the world.3. what is special about body worlds & the cycle of life?a. it is related to human body.b. it lasts for only a limited time.c. it is the most visited exhibition in the world.d. it

19、 has something to do with the growth of life.bnational park association of queensland activitiesvegetation management groupsaturday 14th march 2020location: jolly s lookout carpark, daguilar national parkleader: angus mcelnea (0429854446 or gus mcelnea)get your hands dirty! come and spend a couple o

20、f hours to help with lantana(a type of flowering plant) control and revegetation(植被再造) work in the boombana and jollys lookout areas of daguilar national park, west of brisbane.wynnum north boardwalksunday 15th march 2020location: wynnum north boardwalk leader: jocelyn dixon (0733788486)fee: $5(memb

21、ers) $10(non-members)join with us to view the water and bush birds of this area. a track from wynnum north road leads to a secret place for viewing a diverse mix of birds walking around in water. from there we will take a short walk to the mangrove boardwalk.may long weekend campsaturday 2nd may to

22、monday 4th may 2020 leader: tony parsons (0433224544)join us for a long weekend in border rangers national park, camping at sheep station creek campground. spend the days exploring the national park, and evenings around the campfire. we will have the chance to view mt warning from the pinnacle at su

23、nrise and sunset. bring your family and stay for the weekend or come down for a day. it will be enjoyable.central west qld national parkssaturday 29th august to sunday 6th september 2020 leader: wendy bell(0733002473)exciting opportunity to visit and explore at least six national parks in the comfor

24、t of a big coach and be accommodated, rather than camping. basic cost of the tour is $3, 400 per person. total cost includes all transport, all meals, and activity fees.4. who will you call if you are interested in bird-watching?a. angus mcelnea.b. jocelyn dixon.c. tony parsons.d. wendy bell.5. in w

25、hich of the activities will a fire be built?a. may long weekend camp.b. wynnum north boardwalk.c. vegetation management group.d. central west qld national parks.6. how is central west qld national parks different from the other activities?a. it is a weekend activity.b. lots of walking is involved.c.

26、 the organizer provides the transport.d. visitors have to bring their own food.cwe can stay young forever. that is the message dr. shen ziyin wants to give the world. and the chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging.his solution is a herbal medicine to slow the proc

27、ess of aging.dr. shen ziyin has been trained in western medicine. at the same time he studied traditional chinese medicine. and, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. he has taken a hint from the ancient chinese medicine system calle

28、d shen.according to shen, it is the kidney (腎臟)which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process. it is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies go through. studies conducted by dr. shen show that herbal medicine based on the shen system slow the aging process

29、, says a report in the telegraph newspaper.we notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, among others. this happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce t-cells. these t-cells contain a particular substance c

30、alled fas. fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves.so the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of t-cells in the body. this can happen if people eat low calorie food. then the body is not active enough to produce extra t-cells. but, is going hungry all the time a good pr

31、ice to pay for staying young?this is where dr. shens herbal medicine comes in. but how effective it will be, only time can tell.7. how did dr. shen find the solution to the problem of aging?a. by studying western medicine.b. by learning traditional chinese medicine.c. by doing research on both weste

32、rn and chinese people.d. by combining both western and chinese medicine.8. what plays the most important role in keeping people young according to shen?a. medical treatment.b. peoples good kidney.c. level of peoples activity.d. positive life attitude.9. the reason why people become old is that _.a.

33、they become weaker and weakerb. their bodies are unable to fight diseasesc. they have reduced strength, loss of haird. their bodies produce t-cells10. we can probably learn from the passage that _.a. eating more low calorie food can allow people to keep youngb. the more chinese herbal medicine peopl

34、e drink, the better for healthc. people should try to quicken the production of t-cells in the bodyd. dr. shens herbal medicine is very effectiveddressed in a dark blue waterproof (防水) jacket, outdoor shoes and a small backpack, 25-year-old ye tian tries to get in an abandoned coking plant in beijin

35、g.an intern (實(shí)習(xí)生) for a german company in beijing, ye is among thousands of youth interested in city adventures, which they call urban exploration-4urbex for short.the aim of this trending (流行) hobby is to explore structures usually abandoned ruins or hidden areas of the manmade environment. urban e

36、xplorers are interested in these sites because they can understand cities from a different angle. ye, for example, said he enjoyed the contrast between beijings two sides.widely known scenic spots and historical sites can only reflect the bright side of the city, or what the city wants you to see, y

37、e said. “but abandoned places show you the past (that is) hidden deep in peoples memories.in the eyes of pan ran, who is in her early 30s and works in canada, an abandoned building can also evoke (引起，喚起) the spirits of those who lived and worked there.“there are diaries and letters recording the own

38、ers lives,” she said. “and one time, i found a whole box of 8-millimeter videotapes of a family?pan couldnt watch the tapes at the site, as the power supply had been cut. she didnt take them away with her either, as there is a very important rule of urbex that you cant remove any souvenirs from a si

39、te, pan said.while urban exploration can get people to extraordinary places that few have visited, its sometimes dangerous. climbing up tall buildings and tip-toeing through abandoned structures can sometimes be a life-threatening affair.injuries and even death are not unheard of within the urbex co

40、mmunity.in the beginning, i was pretty audacious and believed the riskier the places you go, the better photos you get, said du tianyu, 22. but that is not necessarily the case. after doing my calculations, i learned to stop when i reach the limit.11. according to the text, why do urban explorers li

41、ke to visit abandoned places?a. to escape the crowdedness of cities.b. to take breathtaking pictures.c. to appreciate different aspects of a city.d. to know about the lives of the people who left.12. what does pan say is an important rule of urban exploration?a. dont take things from a site.b. dont

42、buy souvenirs when exploring structures.c. only explore abandoned sites with long histories.d. share travel diaries or journals within the urbex community.13. the underlined word “audacious” in the last paragraph probably means_ .a. cautiousb. adventurousc. passionated. curious14. whats the best tit

43、le for the passage?a. travel in big citiesb. visit a citys historical sitesc. experience a citys lifed. see a citys secrets2021年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解分類練習(xí)之細(xì)節(jié)理解答案a【答案】1. a 2. a 3. b【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了波士頓科技館的四個展覽的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) butterfly carden部分中tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least two

44、weeks in advance.可知，游客必須購票，并至少提前兩周預(yù)訂。由此可知，參現(xiàn)butterfly garden需要提前預(yù)訂。故選a。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)a birds world部分中practice your flying technique in the bird walk.可知，在bird walk中練習(xí)你的飛行技巧。由此可知，游客在bird walk 活動中提高自己的飛行技能。故選a。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)body worids & the cycle of life 部分中temporary exhibit now open!可知，臨時展覽現(xiàn)在開始！由此可知，

45、body worlds & the cycle of life這個展覽不是永久性的，而是臨時的。故選b?！军c(diǎn)睛】命題人往往會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求閱讀文章，以獲得某些特定的信息，或準(zhǔn)確地尋求所需的細(xì)節(jié)，并對細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行直接或間接辨認(rèn)和理解。文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解可以細(xì)化為：（1）一一對應(yīng)型。（2）語言轉(zhuǎn)述型。（3）語意理解型。（4）是非辨別型。（5）事實(shí)排序型。如第一小題，屬于一一對應(yīng)型。根據(jù) butterfly carden部分中tickets are required and visitors should reserve at least two weeks in advance.可知，游客必須購票

46、，并至少提前兩周預(yù)訂。由此可知，參現(xiàn)butterfly garden需要提前預(yù)訂。故選a。b【答案】4. b 5. a 6. c【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了昆士蘭國家公園協(xié)會組織的四個活動項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章wynnum north boardwalk部分內(nèi)容“join with us to view the water and bush birds of this area.( 加入我們來看看這個地區(qū)的水和灌木鳥。)” 可知如果要觀鳥的話應(yīng)該參加此活動。根據(jù)該部分提供信息“l(fā)eader: jocelyn dixon (0733788486)”可知，需要聯(lián)系joce

47、lyn dixon。故選b項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章may long weekend camp部分內(nèi)容“spend the days exploring the national park, and evenings around the campfire.( 白天探索國家公園，晚上圍著篝火。)”可知，參加該項(xiàng)目會有篝火活動。故選a項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章central west qld national parks部分內(nèi)容“exciting opportunity to visit and explore at least six national parks in t

48、he comfort of a big coach and be accommodated, rather than camping.( 令人興奮的機(jī)會，坐在舒適的大巴車?yán)飬⒂^和探索至少六個國家公園以及提供住宿，而不是露營。)”可知，該項(xiàng)目不同于其他項(xiàng)目的地方在于提供交通工具。故選c項(xiàng)。c【答案】7. d 8. b 9. d 10. a【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了沈自尹教授向世界傳達(dá)的一則信息：我們可以永葆年輕。文章介紹了沈教授的研究背景、方法以及研究結(jié)果?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中的“dr. shen ziyin has been trained in western me

49、dicine. at the same time he studied traditional chinese medicine. and, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging.（沈自尹博士一直接受西醫(yī)的訓(xùn)練。同時他研究了傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)。并且他已經(jīng)40年從事將兩者很好地結(jié)合來尋找年齡老化的解決方案）” 說明他是結(jié)合中西醫(yī)來延緩人的衰老的。故選d?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的：“according to shen, it is the