儀表等級(jí)飛行員理論培訓(xùn)stage5-217 EMERGENCIES

1、IFR Flight ConsiderationsIFR EmergenciesIFR Emergencies Two emergency conditionsDistress MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY Threatened by serious and/or imminent danger, require immediate assistanceUrgency PAN PAN PAN not immediately dangerous, require prompt assistance to avoid a potentially catastrophic eventDe

2、claring an Emergency When IMC in trouble: Talk to Someone ATC on current frequency X Same ATC on another frequency X Any other ATC facility X 121.5 MHzTransponder Codes 7700 EMERGENCY!This will set off audible alarms in ATC facility and get you assistance immediately 7600 LOST COMMUNICATIONIf you do

3、nt consider this an immediate emergency it will label your radar blip NORDO (No Radio) & ATC will realize why you arent talking to them 7500 HIJACKOnly squawk this if you really mean it. THIS IS NOT A JOKE!Priority HandlingDuring the course of an emergency, if you are given priority handling by

4、ATC, UPON REQUEST you are required to submit a detailed report within 48 hours to the manager of that ATC facility, even though you violated no rule.“Minimum Fuel”AIM 5-5-15 Not an emergency - merely an advisory that indicates that an emergency is possible should any undue delay occurDoes not imply

5、a need for traffic priority Declare an emergency if you need traffic priority to land safely.Report fuel remaining in minutesGyroscopic Instrument Failure Immediately go partial panel Cover failed instruments Notify ATC Scan system warning indicators Verify with related flight instruments Navigate a

6、ccurately Communicate situation and intentionsSurveillance Approach (ASR) Only azimuth / distance (non-precision) Recommended altitudes Info given:When to commence descent to MDAArriving at MAPMileage Available at airports where civil radar instrument approach minimums are publishedPrecision Approac

7、h Radar PAR or GCA (Ground Controlled Approach) Glideslope (precision approach) Course deviation and trend Usually only available at military or ex-military fields (YUMA has one)No Gyro Approach When youve had a vacuum system failure in IMC it is recommended that you request a “No-Gyro” approach fro

8、m ATC to decrease your workload and enhance safety Prior to being handed off to final controller all turns should be standard rate After being handed off to final controller all turns should be half standard rate “Turn left, stop turn” “Turn right, stop turn” A lot less hazardous than compass turns

9、or timed turns!Malfunction Reports 14 CFR Part 91.187IFR in controlled airspace must report any loss of: Navigational Approach Communication Report 1) Aircraft ID 2) Affected equipment 3) How it affects your IFR capability 4) Assistance neededEQUIPMENTCommunication Failure 7600 14 CFR Part 91.185 In

10、 VMCstay VFR and land as soon as practicable In IMCRoute / Altitude / Clearance LimitROUTE-LOST COMMAssignedRadar vectorExpectedAs FiledALTITUDE-LOST COMMHIGHEST OF:Minimum IFR altitudeExpected altitudeAssigned(1) Route. (i) By the route assigned in the last ATC clearance received; (ii) If being rad

11、ar vectored, by the direct route from the point of radio failure to the fix, route, or airway specified in the vector clearance; (iii) In the absence of an assigned route, by the route that ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance; or (iv) In the absence of an assigned route or a route

12、 that ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance, by the route filed in the flight plan. (2) Altitude. At the highest of the following altitudes or flight levels for the route segment being flown: (i) The altitude or flight level assigned in the last ATC clearance received; (ii) The mini

13、mum altitude (converted, if appropriate, to minimum flight level as prescribed in 91.121(c) for IFR operations; or (iii) The altitude or flight level ATC has advised may be expected in a further clearance. Leaving Clearance Limit (3) Leave clearance limit. (i) When the clearance limit is a fix from

14、which an approach begins, commence descent or descent and approach as close as possible to the expect-further-clearance time if one has been received, or if one has not been received, as close as possible to the estimated time of arrival as calculated from the filed or amended (with ATC) estimated time en route. (ii) If the clearance limit is not a fix from which an approach begins, leave the clearance limit at the expect-further-clearance time if one has been received, or if none has been received, upon arrival over the clearance