國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)英文版參考答案

1、Chapter 1I .YES, Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II .流動(dòng)性過剩自給自足 經(jīng)濟(jì)資源直接投資國際收支易貨交易出口退稅傾銷 出口型經(jīng)濟(jì)增長東道國 貿(mào)易差額貿(mào)易順差/貿(mào)易逆差歐盟國際收支順差/國際收支逆差有形貿(mào)易無形貿(mào)易貨物貿(mào)易服務(wù)貿(mào)易excess liquidityself-sufficienteconomic resources direct investment balance of payments barterexport tax rebatedumpingexport-driven economic grow

2、th host country balance of tradefavorable/unfavorablebalanceof trade European Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of payments visible trade invisible trade trade in goods trade in services IIIThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports toChinaand the tradebalance.The U.S.has anega

3、tive trade balancewithChina, and ithas been growing.Duringthe period from1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports toChina have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increa sing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit withChina in 1996, totaling $ 39.

4、5 billion at the end of the year. IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.earnings other than those der2. Trade in services are internationalived from the exporting andimporting of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trade is all business

5、transactions that involve twoor more countries. 5. FDI is one that gives the investor a contr olling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on itsmoney with relative safety. V1. International trade is the fair and deliberate

6、exchange of goods and/or services acrossnational boundaries. It concerns tradeoperations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In today's complex economic world, neither individuals nor nationsareself-sufficient.Nationsparticipate in

7、the internationaltradefor many reasons.As to theeconomicreasons,no nation hasall of the economic resources (land, labor and capital) that it need s to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a part icular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the prefe rence reasons, intern

8、ational trade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field a nd enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms o f trade so that they need to do business with each other to makeuse of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.

9、 In measuring the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefullyfollow two key indicators,namely, balance of trade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buyingof permanentproperty and business in foreign nations. It occurs when acquisition of equity

10、 interest in aforeign company i5. trade. The great significance of FDI for China might be that: FDIsolvetheproblem of capitalshortagefor China sothat Chinamayspendthemoney on importingadvancedequipment andtechnologiesfor its infrastructure, national supporting industry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2 I

11、關(guān)稅壁壘非關(guān)稅壁壘從量稅配額保護(hù)性關(guān)稅市場失靈幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)許可證制度財(cái)政關(guān)稅 政府采購貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義 從價(jià)稅最低限價(jià)本地采購規(guī)則增加內(nèi)需Domestic content Red-tape barriers Export subsidies Binding quota Abso lute quotas VER Tariff-rate quotas Zero quota "Buy local" rules Tariff barriers non-tariff barriers specific duties quotaprotective tariff market failure

12、infant industry licensing system Reve nue tariffgovernment procurement trade protectionism Ad Valorem Duties floor pri cebuy local" rulesraise domestic demand國內(nèi)含量進(jìn)口環(huán)節(jié)壁壘出口補(bǔ)貼 綁定配額 絕對(duì)配額自愿出口限制關(guān)稅配額零配額本地采購原則 II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restric tions on imports to e

13、nable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保護(hù)主義是指蓄意使用或鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)口限制，以此使本國相對(duì)效率低的產(chǎn)品能成功地和外國產(chǎn)品競爭。2. If the Russians releasetheirstocks of fin into theworld market, the price of the metalwillsinkthroughthe floor.一旦俄羅斯人將其持有的錫礦股票投放于國際市場之中，那么該市場中金屬的價(jià)格會(huì)跌破 最低限價(jià)。3.

14、Protective tariff means a duty or tax imposed on imported produc ts for the purpose ofmaking them more expensive in comparisonto domestic producers, thereby giving thedomestic products aprice advantage.保護(hù)性關(guān)稅表示對(duì)進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品征收的關(guān)稅，旨在讓它們相比起本國商品更貴，從向使得本國 商品具有價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)。4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific,

15、 variable, or compo und. In the United States, the imposition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thu s making them less competitive within the market of the importing c ountry. After seven "Rounds“of General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade trade

16、 negotiationsthatfocused heavily on tariffreductions,ariffsare less important measures of protection than they used to be.關(guān)稅的種類包括從價(jià)稅，從量稅，可變稅與復(fù)合稅。在美國，只對(duì)進(jìn)口商品征稅。關(guān)稅抬 高了進(jìn)口貨物的價(jià)格，從而使得它們?cè)谶M(jìn)口國商品市場競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)下降。繼關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié) 定七個(gè)回合主要關(guān)于降低稅價(jià)的貿(mào)易協(xié)定之后，稅收所起的保護(hù)作用日趨下降。III1. Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on

17、import s and/or exports.2. A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government, b utitmust be taken under control.3. To export goods at an unreasonablylow price is taken as dumping which might be foughtagainst by government of the importingcountry.4. A tariff may be assessed on a per unit ba

18、sis, in which case i t is known as a specific duty. It also may be assessed as a perc entage ofthevalue of theitem, inwhich caseit isknown asanad valorem duty.5. Importtariffs primarilyserveasa means ofraisingthe priceof the import goods so thatcompetitively produced domestic goods will gain a relat

19、ive price advantage.Chapter3 IAPECAsia-pacificEconomic Co-operationFTAAP Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific EUEuropean UnionNAFTANorth American Free Trade AgreementMERCOSUR Mercado Comun Del Cono Sur / SouthernCommon Market ASEANAssociation of Southeast AsianNations EFTAEuropeanFreeTrade A

20、reaAFTAASEAN Free Trade Area PTAsPreferentialTradeagreementsIITradebloc貿(mào)易集團(tuán)Tradeblock封鎖Openregionalism式區(qū)域主義Freetrade areaCustomsunion關(guān)稅聯(lián)盟Common marketEconomicunion經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)Trade embargoes貿(mào)易同市易禁自由共貿(mào)Boycotts抵制歧視性關(guān)稅discriminatorytariffs經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁economic sanction貿(mào)易彈tradeelasticitybilateraltrade agreementmost favor

21、ednationChapter 4I .GATTGeneral Agreement on TariffsandTrade HODHeads of DelegationsTRIPsTrade-relatedAspects of Intellectual Property RightsGATSGeneral Agreement on Trade in Services TRIMsTrade Related Investment Measures MFNMost Favored NationsII.施惠國PatronagenationsFavored nationsContracting Parti

22、esmarket accesstransparency緊急進(jìn)口措施Urgent Importing Measures爭端解決dispute settlement mechanism 可sustainabledevelopmentfranchiseIII.1.Until now WTO has already had 150 membersand itstradevolume2.atcovers 90% of theTopmost of WTOleast once everytheGeneral Council3.total trade volume in theis the Ministeri

23、altwo years. Underthat has to meetThe WTO Secretariat,which officeswholeworld.Conferencewhichhas tomeettheatonlys around 550 regular stuff and is headedce decisions areion-making powers4. The Secretariatspute settlementMinisterialConferenceGeneva regularly.in Geneva, Swizerland,by a Director-General

24、.made by Members only, the Secretariatas the other internationalinstitutions.ishaSinhas nodecisprovides some form of legal assistance in the diprocess and advises governments wishing to become Members of the WTO.Chapter 5 IFOB®輪條件清關(guān)FOB吊鉤下交貨平艙多式聯(lián)運(yùn)船舷內(nèi)陸水運(yùn)理艙卸貨費(fèi)投保CFR®至岸上（含著陸費(fèi)）班輪 單據(jù)買賣CF碰底交貨CFR&#

25、174;輪條件象征性交貨FOB linerterm customs clearanceFOB Under Tackle trimmultimodal transport shipboardmarine navigationon inland waterway stowdischargeexpense cover insuranceCFR Landed linerdocumentary salesCFR Ex-ship's Hold CFR liner terms symbolic deliveryII1. Under CFR, buyers should effect insuranc

26、e.2. UnderCIFEx-Ship's Hold, seller should paythe dischargecharges.3. UnderCIF,the insured amount should be US$ 22 000 ifthe contractedpriceis US $20000.4.Under CIP, seller has toprocure insuranceagainst the buyer'srisk of lossof ordamage to the goods during the carriage.5. The FAS term requ

27、iresthesellertoclearthe goodsfor export6. The DEQ term requiresthebuyertoproceedwith thecustoms clearance for imports and payment of all customs duty.7. Under DDP, the sellermustpaythecostsof customsduties aswell as all duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importatio

28、n of the goods.8. Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of theshipping ofthegoodsaswellas anyothernotice required in order to allowshebuyertotakemeasure. III1.該報(bào)價(jià)為FOB的價(jià)格并含5%的傭金。2.在CPT CIP項(xiàng)下，“承運(yùn)人”指在貨物運(yùn)輸合同中承諾通過鐵路、公路、航空、海運(yùn)、內(nèi)河水運(yùn)或多式運(yùn)輸?shù)确绞酵瓿韶浳镞\(yùn)輸?shù)?人。3 .在FCA項(xiàng)下，交貨地的選擇對(duì)貨物的裝船與卸載責(zé)任有影響。如果交貨地基于賣方

29、， 賣方有裝載責(zé)任。如果交貨地在其它地方，賣方對(duì)卸載沒有責(zé)任。4 .在FOBM下，賣方必須在約定的日期或期限內(nèi)，在指定的裝運(yùn)港，按照該港習(xí)慣方式， 將貨物交至買方指定的船只上。買方必須自貨物在指定的裝運(yùn)港越過船舷之刻起承當(dāng)貨物 滅失或損壞的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Questions1 Y1 YYYYYYYY1 YYNYYYYY1 YYYYYNNN1 NNYNYNNN11 NNNNYYYYYYYNYYYYYYYYYYNNNNYYYYYY | YA.1. c; 2. d; 3. a; 4. c; 5. c; 6. c; 7. d; 8. b;9. d; l0.c B. 1. a; 2. ab; 3. abcdf

30、; 4. abc; 5. aefChapter 6I1. Sales by Seller's/Buyer's Sample 2. Reference/Duplicate Sample 3.Quality Tolerance4. CounterSample5. More or Less Clauses 6.NeutralPacking 7, Customs Formality8. Inspection Certificate of Quality 9. FDA10. Marking of Goods憑賣方樣品買賣/憑買方樣品買賣基準(zhǔn)樣品/副樣 品質(zhì)公差 對(duì)等樣品 溢短裝條款 中性

31、包裝 報(bào)關(guān)手續(xù)質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)證書食品及藥物管理局標(biāo)記貨物II 毛重理論重量凈重約定皮重公量單位重量含水量習(xí)慣皮重法定重量實(shí)際皮重從價(jià)稅平均皮重貨樣不符gross weighttheoretical weight net weight computed tare conditioned weight unit weight water capacity customary tare legal weight actual taread valoremdutyaverage taregoods notequal to thesample副產(chǎn)品國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督校驗(yàn)檢疫總局by-products General

32、 Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaE. famousH. drawingIII(G) medicalapparatusbrand (A)wheatF. specification (H) calligraphic worksG. inspection(F) power plant generatoror diagram IVI. The qualityand price of commodities should be ta

33、ken into consideration in choosing thepacking material and package designing.2. Atopper,matchedwiththe superior-gradepacking, speaks itself forits highqualityandpreciousness.3. It will extremely increase the cost of the goods to pack the m edium-low quality with thehigh quality material, and therefo

34、re,influence its sale.4. It will effect its marketing of the goods to doggedly strive fo r thrift in a wa5 to pack thesuperior quality with the lowquality material.5. We should take not only the quality and appearance of the goods into consideration, butalso the customers' taste and preference.6

35、. We must improve the quality of the export goods so as to stren gthen its competitiveness inthe international market.Chapter 7I.油輪定程租船滾裝船定期租船載駁輪 光船租船 船期表租船合同滯期費(fèi) 班輪運(yùn)價(jià)表速遣費(fèi) 選卸附加費(fèi)直航附加費(fèi)Oil tankerVoyage Charter Ro/Ro vessel Time CharterLASH( LightAboard Ship) Bare Boat Charter(BBC)sailingschedulecharter

36、contract demurrage chargelinerfreightrate schedule dispatch money optionaladditional directadditional轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi) 港口擁擠附加費(fèi) 運(yùn)輸代理包裹 拼箱貨結(jié)匯整箱貨 空運(yùn)單集裝箱貨運(yùn)站裝運(yùn)通知處置權(quán)Partial shipment/transshipment Bill of ladingClean B/L Order B/LCombined transport B/L Blank B/L Straight B/L Through B/L Liner B/LAnte-dated B/L Advance

37、d B/L Consignment note Blank endorsement IATA Combined transport documents FCL/LCL transshipment surcharge Port Congestion Surcharge transportation agent packageLCL(Lessthan containerload)settlementFCL(Fullcontainer load) Air waybillcontainer yard shipping notice right of disposal 分批裝船/轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn) 提單清潔提單指示提單

38、聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸提單空白提單記名提單聯(lián)運(yùn)提單班輪提單倒簽提單預(yù)借提單陸運(yùn)或鐵路運(yùn)輸通知空白背書國際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單據(jù)整箱貨/拼箱貨II 1. V 2. V3. x delay f advance4. x accepted f unaccepted5. V6. X把 “or without ” 去掉 III1 .海運(yùn)提單上列出了承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人之間的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。2 .班輪公司通常把航海時(shí)間表登載在報(bào)紙上或者分發(fā)給托運(yùn)人。3.在多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單上，卸貨港應(yīng)該是提單許可的中轉(zhuǎn)碼頭。4 .集裝箱收費(fèi)是多種多樣的。例如附加費(fèi)，總費(fèi)率的確定是基本費(fèi)率加上附加費(fèi)率。5.集裝箱的好處在于：方便處理貨物，減少盜竊，減少

39、暴露，節(jié)約裝船成本。IV1. Transport documents which appear on their face to indicate that shipment has been made on the same means of conveyance and for the same journey, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as covering partial shipment, even if the transport documents indicate dif

40、ferent dates of shipment and/or different ports o floading, placesof taking incharge, or dispatch.2. Cleantransport documentisone which hears noclause or notation which expresslydeclares a defective condition of the goodsand/or the packaging.3. Neitherthecarder nor the shipper shall beresponsibleina

41、nyevent forlossor damage to,or inconnectionwith, goodsifthenature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipperin the Bill of lading.4. Where the performanceof the carriageor part thereof has beenentrusted to an actual carrier, whether or not in pursuance of a l iberty under the contr

42、act of carriage by sea to do so, the carriernevertheless remains responsible for the entire carriage. The carr ier is responsible, in relation to the carriage performed by the ac tualcarrier, fortheactsand omissionsof the actualcarrier andofhis servantsandagents acting within the scope of theiremplo

43、yment.Chapter 8I投保人共同海損投保金額外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)保險(xiǎn)單推定全損海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)施救費(fèi)用救 助費(fèi)用意外事故承保人單獨(dú)海損保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)航空運(yùn)輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)陸運(yùn)險(xiǎn)陸運(yùn)一切險(xiǎn)估損費(fèi)用航空運(yùn)輸一切險(xiǎn)Ocean marine insuranceWar risksOverland transportationinsuranceParcel post insuranceinsuredgeneral average insured amount extraneous risks insurance policy constructive average marine risks salvage chargessu

44、e and labor expenses misfortune insurerparticular average insurance premiumair transportation war risk land transportation risks land transportation all risks risk estimation chargesair transportation all risks charges 海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn) 戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn) 基本險(xiǎn)種 投保金 額 偷盜、失竊、提貨不著險(xiǎn) 串味險(xiǎn)陸上運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)郵寄包裹保險(xiǎn)Free from particular average Addit

45、ional risks coverageFresh water and/or rain damage With particular average 平安險(xiǎn)附力口險(xiǎn)別淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)II. 1. V 2. V 3. V4. X Special additional coverage such as war risks, strikes and s oonmust be taken outtogetherwithFPA,WPA. (and all risks)5. XIn essence, open policyis (not)thesameas the insurance certificat

46、e. 6. V 7. V8. X Three (two) typesofrisksarecovered by oceanmarine insurance, namely the perils of sea, the extraneous risks (刪除and the force majeure).9. X Oceanmarine insurancecovers two types of losses,partiallassand totalloss f perilsof sea and extraneous risks III1. Exposed to many risksinthepro

47、cessof transportingand loadingand unloading, exportgoods face the possibility of loss.2. Supposed that the goods is put on deck instead of in the cabin where it should be accordingto the clause stipulated in the insurance contract, insurer has the right to against any possible claims lodged by the i

48、nsured.3. Cabin coverage includes the risk of falling into ocean only, and excludes the risks of freshwater, rain and soak.4. Expert credit insurance is a kind of credit insurances.5. The insured should deliverthe goods to the carrier bythe agreed way before the maturityof insurance.6. Initialvalue

49、assurance issealed by the sellernormally, whereasincreased value assuranceis bought by the buyer.7. If the insuredcannot get the whole or partialpayment due tothe commercial credit orpolitical risks, the insurer should pay the indemnity.8. Marine insurance policyis the part of the Billof Lading. Ins

50、ucompany. IVrer is the marine insurance1.從廣義上來講，海運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)的可保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)包括貨物在海上運(yùn)輸中可能的損失和損壞。2.戰(zhàn)爭條款是保單中的一項(xiàng)條款，用以保因戰(zhàn)爭引起損失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3 .保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)包括水漬險(xiǎn)、偷盜失竊及提貨不著險(xiǎn)和戰(zhàn)爭險(xiǎn)。保險(xiǎn)金額為CIF價(jià)的110%。如果發(fā)生賠付，賠付地為紐約，賠付款以美元計(jì)價(jià)。4 .倉至倉保險(xiǎn)所承保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括從貨物因運(yùn)輸目的而離開倉庫起經(jīng)運(yùn)輸期間以及到達(dá)目的地倉庫(或者到期日前15天)為止，這段時(shí)間內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。5 .如果保險(xiǎn)人所投保的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生以至產(chǎn)生實(shí)際損失，托運(yùn)人應(yīng)該向保險(xiǎn)人出示單證以取得賠償。Chapter 9 ICost

51、 structure成本構(gòu)成Cost of production生產(chǎn)成本Profit margin 邊際利潤 Selling cost 銷售成本 Target costing 目標(biāo)成本法Everyday low pricing (EDLP) 每 日低價(jià) Total fixed cost 總固定成 本 Variable cost 變動(dòng)成本Skimming price strategy 撇脂定 價(jià)戰(zhàn)略 Penetration strategy 滲透 定價(jià)戰(zhàn)成本導(dǎo)向定價(jià)略 Floating exchange risk 浮動(dòng)匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)法 pricing based on cost盈虧平衡定價(jià)法break

52、-even pricing 邊際成本定價(jià) 法 marginal cost pricing 損益 兩平點(diǎn) break-even point 計(jì) 價(jià)貨幣money ofaccount支付貨幣money ofpayment硬貨幣hard currency 軟貨幣 softcurrency 匯率 exchangerate價(jià)款調(diào)整price adjustmentcommissiondiscount場 future/ spotmarketCountryCurrencyBritainGBPpoundJapanJPYJapanese YanFranceFRFFrenchFranc AustraliaBurme

53、sellar NewilandMalaysiaIndonesiaSwissAUPAustraliandollarChinaCNYRMBYuanBurmaBUKKyat SingaporeZealandTHPNPRSGDSingapore doITLINRPHPNZDThaiMYRChapter 10New Zealand dollar ThaBahtMalaysiandollar NepalNepalese RupeeIndia RupeeItalianIDRCHFIndiaIndonesianRupiahSwissFranc PhilippinesPhilippine Peso ItalyL

54、ira信用狀況credit standard遠(yuǎn)期信用證 time L/C, usance L/C 通知銀行advisingbank信用證有效期the maturity of L/C交付運(yùn)單deliveryof B/L支 付 保 障 條 款confirmationof credit算 payment and settlement申請(qǐng)人與受益人applicant and beneficiaryirrevocable letter of credit不可撤銷信用證confirmedL/C保兌信用revocable letter of credit可撤銷信用證 sight draft即期匯票commercial bill of exchange商業(yè)匯票time draft遠(yuǎn)期匯票governmental guarantee政府保函 drawee 付款人1. Irrevoc