專插本英語-16定語從句 ppt課件

1、在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句叫定語從句; ;相當(dāng)于名詞和描畫詞的作用。相當(dāng)于名詞和描畫詞的作用。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 銜接先行詞和從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或銜接先行詞和從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞Do you know the man who spoke at the Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? meeting just now? That is the house where he lived t

2、en years That is the house where he lived ten years ago. ago. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用1 1、引導(dǎo)作用、引導(dǎo)作用 2 2、替代作用、替代作用 3 3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)某個(gè)成分的作用1 .Those who want to go please sign your 1 .Those who want to go please sign your names here. names here. 主語主語2. This is the house where he was born. 2

3、. This is the house where he was born. 地點(diǎn)狀語地點(diǎn)狀語 3. Bill, who I met yesterday, asked me a lot 3. Bill, who I met yesterday, asked me a lot of questions. of questions. 賓語賓語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which, that, whose的指代關(guān)系的指代關(guān)系在限制性定語從句中，領(lǐng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系在限制性定語從句中，領(lǐng)先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用詞可用whichwhich或或thatthat，二者?？梢曰Q；，二者常可以互換

4、；但在以下情況中，只能用但在以下情況中，只能用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich： 領(lǐng)先行詞是不定代詞領(lǐng)先行詞是不定代詞all, a lot, few, much, all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothingnone, anything, nothing等或被不定代詞等或被不定代詞all, all, any, no, much, little, few, everyany, no, much, little, few, every所修飾時(shí)。所修飾時(shí)。 All that can be done has been done. All

5、that can be done has been done. We heard clearly every word that he said. We heard clearly every word that he said. (2) (2) 領(lǐng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。領(lǐng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。 The first thing that should be done is to get the The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. tickets. (3) (3) 領(lǐng)先行詞是描畫詞最高級(jí)或被

6、描畫詞最高領(lǐng)先行詞是描畫詞最高級(jí)或被描畫詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)級(jí)所修飾時(shí). . This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the best film that I have ever seen.(4) (4) 領(lǐng)先行詞被領(lǐng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the very, the only, the next, the lastthe last等所修飾時(shí)。等所修飾時(shí)。 This is the very book that I want to find. This is the very book th

7、at I want to find. (5) (5) 領(lǐng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)領(lǐng)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí) She described in her compositions the people She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. and places that impressed her most. 下面情況不用下面情況不用that:that:This is the book about This is the book about we are talking we ar

8、e talking nownowTom studies hard and is ready to help others, Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, his parents expect.his parents expect.WhatWhats that is flying in the sky?s that is flying in the sky? which介詞后面：介詞后面：which非限性定語從句中：非限性定語從句中：領(lǐng)先行詞本身是領(lǐng)先行詞本身是thatthat時(shí)：時(shí)：which在以下情況中，只能用在以下情況中，只能用

9、which which ，不用，不用that that ： as 和和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。不可。as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，?？煞砬懊娴恼麄€(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，?？煞g為譯為“正如，正像；而正如，正像；而which常譯為常譯為“這一點(diǎn)，這件事這一點(diǎn)，這件事 在限制性定

10、語從局中，假設(shè)先行詞被在限制性定語從局中，假設(shè)先行詞被as, so ,the same, such 修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用aswhichwhich和和asas的區(qū)別的區(qū)別: :which和和as的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1._ is reported in the newspapers , talks 1._ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. between the two countries are making progress. 2. Helen w

11、as much kinder to her youngest son 2. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , _ , of course , made the than to the others , _ , of course , made the others envy him .others envy him .3._ I explained on the phone, your 3._ I explained on the phone, your request will be consider

12、ed at the next meeting.request will be considered at the next meeting. AsAswhich as as多用于一些習(xí)慣用語中：多用于一些習(xí)慣用語中：as anybody can see as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣正如人人都能看到的那樣as is well known = as is known to all as is well known = as is known to all 眾所周知眾所周知as we had expected as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣

13、正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as often happens as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said before as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的late.late.when/ on whichwhere / in whichwhy / for which(1)(1)限制性定語從句闡明先行詞的情況，對先行限制性定語從句闡明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系非常親密，不可詞起限定作

14、用，與先行詞關(guān)系非常親密，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否那么全句意義就用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否那么全句意義就不完好。不完好。 This is the telegram which he refers to. This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)(2)非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充闡明，非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充闡明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因沒

15、有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因此不是關(guān)鍵性的，假設(shè)省略，原句的意義依然完此不是關(guān)鍵性的，假設(shè)省略，原句的意義依然完好。這種從句在朗誦時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常好。這種從句在朗誦時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。This note was left by Tom, who was here a This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. moment ago. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：who, whom, whose, which, as, when who,

16、 whom, whose, which, as, when 和和 where where不可以用不可以用thatthat和和why why 另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，在口語中運(yùn)用并不普遍，在日常生活個(gè)并列句，在口語中運(yùn)用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達(dá)。I told the story to John, who later did it to his I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. b

17、rother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. his brother. ( (三三) ) 以以the waythe way為先行詞的限制性為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由定語從句通常由in whichin which或或thatthat引引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。 The way (that / in which ) he answered The way (that / i

18、n which ) he answered the questions wasthe questions wassurprising. surprising. I donI dont like the way (that / in which) you t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.laugh at her.whose whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。做定語。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over I visit

19、ed a scientist whose name is known all over the country. the country. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 我把那本封面是藍(lán)色的書弄丟了。我把那本封面是藍(lán)色的書弄丟了。I lost the book whose cover was blue.I lost the book whose cover was blue.留意：指物時(shí)，常用以下構(gòu)造來替代：留意：指物時(shí)，常用以下構(gòu)造來替代：The clas

20、sroom whose door is broken will soonThe classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book wh

21、ose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? yellow? 在定語從句中，在定語從句中，whose + whose + 名詞名詞 _ _ 名詞名詞 + of which + of which考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1. 1. 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞旨此鶕?dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞?

22、假設(shè)從句缺主語、賓語、表語，必需用關(guān)系代假設(shè)從句缺主語、賓語、表語，必需用關(guān)系代詞詞假設(shè)從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語，必需用假設(shè)從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語，必需用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. Compare :B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never for

23、get the days that / which we spenttogether. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.1. This is the place _ he works.1. This is the place _ he works.This is the place _ we visited last year.This is the place _ we v

24、isited last year.2. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still 2. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _we spent remember the days _we spent together?together?3. This is the reason _ he went. The 3. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonabl

25、e.reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.4. His father works in a factory _ radio parts are 4. His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts. parts. where / in which(which/that)when(which/th

26、at)why / for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句【1】當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞】當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞 只能用只能用which / whom / whose In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith

27、, in whose department she worked, came to see her.1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。譯：

28、這是我要照顧的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar with.which / that / 不填不填考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3 what 與與 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which/that1 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher a

29、ngry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C whichCBA1. We feed children _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which

30、 I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4 留意插入語留意插入語考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5 定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的主謂一致1 I, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)2 He is one of the students who _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have)3 To own a computer in fam

31、ilies, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)amhavehaswas wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定語從句定語從句that強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that

32、 B. which C. where D. when定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從定語從句和其它從句如：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合調(diào)查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的根底句等的綜合調(diào)查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實(shí)的根底知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析才干。知識(shí)和較強(qiáng)的綜合分析才干。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6 綜合調(diào)查綜合調(diào)查定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與同位語從句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that (that/which)定語從

33、句與表語從句定語從句與表語從句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which不能無先行詞不能無先行詞找準(zhǔn)先行詞找準(zhǔn)先行詞看成分判別關(guān)系詞看成分判別關(guān)系詞主要看在從句中充任什么成分主要看在從句中充任什么成分1. We should go to the place_ we are m

34、ost needed.2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC對比訓(xùn)練對比訓(xùn)練 1. It was October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time. 2. It was in October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA對比訓(xùn)練對比訓(xùn)練 1. He is such a good teacher_ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC1 He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A whom B who C when D because 2 Is this the museum _ you