英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力試題的命題規(guī)律和解題技巧

1、四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力試題的命題規(guī)律和解題技巧1 一、 四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的考查模式 1對(duì)話 聽(tīng)力部分一般是20個(gè)小題,由A和B兩部分組成。第一部分通常是10個(gè)對(duì)話,每個(gè)對(duì)話設(shè)一個(gè)小題,要求同學(xué)們根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案。 2短文 B部分有兩種形式,一是聽(tīng)短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文,每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問(wèn)題,共10道小題。該部分主要測(cè)試同學(xué)們的整體理解能力。 3復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě) B部分的另一種是復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě),要求同學(xué)們毫無(wú)差錯(cuò)地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補(bǔ)全信息。一般是,每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出,要求填出具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容說(shuō)明主題,可以使用聽(tīng)到的原話,

2、也可以使用自己的語(yǔ)言。 二、四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的命題規(guī)律和測(cè)試重點(diǎn) 1 對(duì)話 對(duì)話部分考查的重點(diǎn)有： 1） 地點(diǎn) 根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容判斷對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點(diǎn)是四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中常見(jiàn)的也是比較重要的一個(gè)題型。地點(diǎn)題一般有以下幾種： (1)根據(jù)信息詞設(shè)題 W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I. Let me call room service. Hello, room service. Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speaker

3、s? A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the man's house. 該題通過(guò)hungry 和menu來(lái)迷惑同學(xué)們,引導(dǎo)大家選擇B,其實(shí),本題所借助的信息詞是room service 和320這個(gè)房間號(hào),答案是A。 M: Can you stay for dinner? W: I'd love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school. Q:

4、Where will the woman go first? A. To the school B. To a friend's house. C. To the post office. D. Home 本題借助registered mail設(shè)題,答案是C。但這里同樣也有地點(diǎn)的辨析問(wèn)題,要求同學(xué)們能聽(tīng)出是"首先到地方"。 M: Excuse me, I'm looking for the emergency room. I thought that it was on the first floor. W: This is the basement. Ta

5、ke the elevator one flight up and turn left. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? A. In a library B. In a hotel. C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator 本題設(shè)題所依據(jù)的信息詞是emergency room,只要考生了解其語(yǔ)域就可判斷答案為C。 (2)借助對(duì)話中提到的多個(gè)地點(diǎn)設(shè)題 有時(shí)對(duì)話中提到的地點(diǎn)不只一個(gè),這時(shí),一般是將所有的地點(diǎn)都包括在選項(xiàng)之中。這種情況下,同學(xué)們不必考慮信息詞問(wèn)題,只要能將地點(diǎn)與其相關(guān)事件聯(lián)

6、系起來(lái)就可確定答案。如： M: I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back? W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain, Germany, and Spain. Q: Which country did the woman visit first? A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain 四個(gè)地點(diǎn)都是訪問(wèn)過(guò)的地點(diǎn),要求同學(xué)們能夠分清先后。答案為B。 M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at

7、 the weekend? W: He'll be supposed to, but he won't be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday? A. At the party B. At home C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip. 本題是將地點(diǎn)與時(shí)間連在一起,要求同學(xué)們?cè)诼?tīng)的同時(shí)注意區(qū)別每個(gè)事件所發(fā)生的時(shí)間,答案為C。 2） 職業(yè)、身份 根據(jù)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容判斷說(shuō)話者的身份和職業(yè)是四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中又一常見(jiàn)題型

8、。該題型的題項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)有兩種： (1)說(shuō)話者自身的身份或職業(yè) 根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷說(shuō)話者一方的職業(yè)或身份： W: Good evening, Professor David. My name is Susan Gray. I'm with the local newspaper. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? M: Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray? A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student. 由loca

9、l newspaper可以判斷說(shuō)話者是位記者,在采訪。 M: How about the food I ordered? I've been waiting for 20 minutes already. W: I'm very sorry, sir. I'll be back with your order in a minute. Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to? A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator. C. A waitress. D. A clerk. 與

10、order有關(guān)的自然是waitress,答案為A。 (2)說(shuō)話雙方之間的關(guān)系 該題型是上一題型的延伸,要求同學(xué)們能判斷說(shuō)話者雙方的身份,問(wèn)題經(jīng)常是 What's the relationship between the two speakers? W: How long will it take you to fix my watch? M: I'll call you when it's ready. But it shouldn't take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship b

11、etween the speakers? A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller. C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman. 既然女士讓男的fix my watch,說(shuō)明對(duì)方是repairman,而自己是customer。 M: Sorry to trouble you. But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold. W: I think we've got one. Could you

12、 wait until after take-off please? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess. C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress. take-off一詞的使用說(shuō)明女的是空姐,答案自然是B。 可以看出,職業(yè)、身份以及說(shuō)話雙方關(guān)系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當(dāng)然,要判斷雙方的關(guān)系,

13、還可以從說(shuō)話的方式入手。如： M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: What's the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C. Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient.

14、兩人間說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣和方式表明是"老板與秘書(shū)"的關(guān)系。 3）計(jì)算題 計(jì)算題在四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力中屬于比較難的題型,要求同學(xué)們不僅能分辨不同的時(shí)間、金錢(qián)等數(shù)量概念,還應(yīng)能將聽(tīng)到的各個(gè)數(shù)量聯(lián)系起來(lái)進(jìn)行加減運(yùn)算。如： M: Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes? W: Yes, he takes lessons twice a week, but from next week on, he will go to the class o

15、n Saturday evenings, too. Q: How often will the woman's son have piano lessons from next week on? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week.D. Four times a week. 兩次加一次自然是三次,答案是C。 W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons. M: Really? I thought it

16、 only included the first 12 lessons. Then I must spend the weekend going over the rest of the lessons. Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend? A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons. 這是最簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算題,只要同學(xué)們不將答案誤認(rèn)為是C或D,就不會(huì)出錯(cuò)。 W: Here's a 10-dollar bill.

17、Give me two tickets for tonight's show please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here is '1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A.'1.40. B.'4.30. C.'6.40. D.'8.60 10美元,兩張票,找零1.40美元,說(shuō)明每張票為4.30美元。 從以上例子可以看出,含有數(shù)量概念的題,對(duì)話中提到的數(shù)量一般不可能為正確答案,總要同學(xué)們進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的加減運(yùn)算。 4）言外之意、弦外之音 推測(cè)說(shuō)話者話中之話是聽(tīng)力中

18、必考的題型。從試題的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)來(lái)看,大體有一下幾種： (1)對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查 包含虛擬語(yǔ)氣的聽(tīng)力考題中一般都有"是與非"相對(duì)的選項(xiàng),這就要求同學(xué)們了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表意功能,根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣判斷正確選項(xiàng)。如： W: I'm thinking of going to Austin for a visit. Do you think it's worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a

19、trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesn't like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.說(shuō)明說(shuō)話人沒(méi)有去過(guò)。 W: If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock. M: It's too bad you didn't make it. Jane w

20、as here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman? A. She got home before 9 o'clock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed. If it hadn't been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 o'clock.說(shuō)明因?yàn)檠┨?說(shuō)話者未能在9點(diǎn)前到家。也就是說(shuō)she was delayed。 (2)對(duì)建議

21、的考查 建議題要求同學(xué)們掌握建議的各種表達(dá)方式,根據(jù)建議選擇正確選項(xiàng)。如： W: The movie starts in 5 minutes and there's bound to be a long time. M: Why don't we come back for the next show? I'm sure it would be less crowded. Q: What is the man suggesting? A. Coming back for a later show. B. Waiting in a queue. C. Coming bac

22、k in five minutes. D. Not going to the movie today. Why don't?上一種建議表達(dá)方式,根據(jù)該句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容可以判斷答案是A。 W: We do need another bookshelf in this room. But the problem is the space for it. M: How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen？ Q: What does the man suggest they should do? A. Finding a larger

23、 room. B. Sell the old table. C. Buy two bookshelves. D. Rearrange some furniture. 根據(jù)moving the dining table to the kitchen來(lái)判斷答案為D。 建議的表達(dá)方式還有： Why not ? What do you think of ? If I were you/If I were in your shoes, I would Shall we ? I suggest . You'd better/You ought to. (3) 對(duì)話題的考查 話題指會(huì)話雙方所談?wù)摰脑?/p>

24、題,要求同學(xué)們具有概括能力。如： W: Do you want a day course or an evening course? M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day. Q: What are they talking about? A. The choice of courses. B. A day course. C. An evening course. D. Their work. 兩個(gè)人談?wù)摰氖沁x白天的課還是晚上的課,由此可以判斷答案應(yīng)該是A。 M: I was ter

25、ribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance. W: Well, some people just can't seem to appreciate the real-life drama. Q: What are they talking about? A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech. 從對(duì)話中的audience, performance與其說(shuō) drama可以判斷他們所談?wù)摰氖莂

26、play。 4)同義表達(dá)方式的考查 四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中對(duì)隱含意思的考查很大程度上依賴(lài)于同義表達(dá)方式，也就是同學(xué)們對(duì)具體句式、短語(yǔ)、詞組甚至單詞的理解。如： M: What do you think of Professor Brown's lecture? W: The topic was interesting, but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected. Q: What does the woman say about the lecture? A. It was a long lect

27、ure, but easy to understand. B. It was not as easy as she had expected. C. It was as difficult as she had expected. D. It was interesting and easy to follow. 與much more difficult to follow than I had expected同義的應(yīng)該是B。 M: Nancy, why were you late today? W: I overslept and missed the bus. Q: Why was Na

28、ncy late? A. She got up later than usual. B. The bus was late. C. She forgot she had class. D. Her clock was slow. overslept也就是got up later than usual。 M: Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train? W: No, we didn't mind at all. It took a lot longer, but it was very comfortable and it was much cheaper. Q: How did the woman feel about the coming back by coach? A. She felt it was tiring. B. She felt it was very nice. C. She felt it t