2011中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞考點

1、 個 性 化 輔 導(dǎo) 教 案授課時間： 備課時間： 年級：初三 科目：英語學(xué)生姓名：課題：非謂語動詞老師姓名：賴細梅教學(xué)目標1.掌握非謂語動詞在用法方面的區(qū)別2. 掌握動名詞與不定式的用法與考點重點難點1.動詞用動名詞和不定式作賓語的差別2.it句型教學(xué)內(nèi)容非謂語動詞一考點分析非謂語動詞是每年中考的必考內(nèi)容，主要集中在對動詞不定式和動名詞的考查二知識點歸納和總結(jié)1. 非謂語動詞的概說1) 在句子中充當除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動詞分為三種形式:不定式，動名詞（有稱V-ing形式），和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）中考主要考查動詞不定式和動名詞。2)

2、動詞不定式：to+動詞原形 否定形式：not to +動詞原形 動名詞:具有動詞和名詞的特征 動詞原形+V-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞：具有動詞，形容詞和副詞的特征，表主動的意思 動詞原形+V-ing過去分詞：具有動詞，形容詞和副詞的特征，表被動的意思 動詞原形+edeg:interesting有趣的，使人感興趣的 interested 對感興趣2.三種非謂語動詞在用法方面的區(qū)別1) 不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別A. 動名詞作主語常表示一般或抽象的行為；不定式作主語常表示具體的或一次性的動作。Eg:Collecting stamps is fun (一般)It is difficult to play t

3、his game.( 具體的,一次性的動作)B. 動名詞作主語常表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗; 不定式作主語常表示目的或一件未完成的事。Eg:Skating is very interesting. ( 經(jīng)驗 )He hopes to become a university student this year.C. 動名詞和不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語（動名詞或不定式）后置，但翻譯時不必把it譯出來。Eg:It is easy to ride a bike.It is no use waiting here.D. 在It is no use (good), not any us

4、e (good),useless等后一般用動名詞。Eg:It is no good learning English without practice.2) 動名詞和不定式作賓語對動詞的不同要求A. 要求接不定式作賓語的動詞：agree, want, hope, decide, learn, happen, planB. 要求接動名詞作賓語的動詞：miss,suggest,be busy,mind, keep, enjoy, cant help, feel like, finish, practiseC. 可接帶to的不定式作賓語不足語，從而構(gòu)成“動詞+賓語+動詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞是：ask

5、, tell, invite, order, want, beg, advise, encourageD. 可接不帶to的不定式作賓語不足語的動詞是： make, let, haveE. 有些動詞用動名詞和不定式作賓語有差別1. forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事 （未做）forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事（已做）The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，他忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了

6、燈了。( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作)Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不

7、符合題意2. remember to do sth. 記住去做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 記得做過某事（已做）Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?3. stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事They stop to smoke a cigarette.他們停下來，抽了根煙。I must stop smoking.我必

8、須戒煙了。典型例題She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest由題意可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個路邊的大石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇"stop to do sth. 停下來去做另一件事"。而不僅僅是爬山動作的終止，所以stop doing sth.不正確。4. regret to do sth. 對尚未做的事或正在做的事表示遺憾 regret doing sth.

9、 對做過的事表示后悔I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒有辦法。I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。5. go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另外一件事go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做沒做完的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise a

10、fter you have finished this one.作完這個練習(xí)后，接著做其他的練習(xí)6. try to do sth. 盡力去做某事try doing sth. 試著去做某事You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didn't succeed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。7. like to do sth. 表示心理或一次性的具體動作like doing sth. 表示習(xí)慣性動作（類似的還有l(wèi)ove,hate）8. begin / start to do sth begin / start

11、doing sth.1)談及一項長期活動或開始一種習(xí)慣時，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano?你幾歲時開始彈鋼琴？2)begin, start用進行時時，后面動詞用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。我開始生起氣來。3)在begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動詞時，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。我開始明白真相。4)物作主語時It began to melt.

12、9. 感官動詞 + doing/to do感官動詞 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示動作的完整性，真實性；+doing 表示動作的連續(xù)性，進行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)"我看見了"這個事實)I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（強調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個動作）典型例題1）They k

13、new her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow因題意為，他們看著她長大，因此強調(diào)的是成長的過程，而非正在長的動作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B.to be playing C. play D. to play本題強調(diào)其動作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型F. 下列短語中的“to”是介詞，

14、后面須接名詞或動名詞：look forward to (盼望)pay attention to (注意be used to (習(xí)慣于) preferto(更喜歡)G. 在賓語從句中：疑問詞+不定式1). _ is not decided A .When starts B. When to start C. When starting D. When start . 2). Its a question _with the old car .A. what to do B. what do C. how to do D. how do    3.) I d

15、ont know _ or not .A. whether go B. whether to go C. whether goes D. whether going 4.) John knows _ a computer . A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to usingH：to 的省略Ex1. My parents made me work for 2hours this afternoon . (改為被動態(tài))I _work for 2hours by my parents this afternoon . Ex2. (1) A bo

16、y was seen _in the street at this time yesterday . A.to cry B. crying (2) A boy was seen _the windows yesterday .A. to break B. breaking 歸納: make /have/ let sb. do sth. 三個使役動詞 主動態(tài)時省略了to,被動態(tài)時要加上to; 類似的還有三個感觀動詞 see / watch/ hear sb. do sth. 但要注意的是, 這三個感觀動詞還可以接 sb. doing sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu), 請注意判斷. 只有接do sth. 的時候

17、,才要在被動態(tài)中加上to。I.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)接不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成謂語的用法（記詞組）1. Youd better _a bus .A.     to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching2. As you arent feeling well , youd better _to school . A. not go B. not to go C. not have D. not to have3.  You must _now .A. to go B. going C. goes D. go4. Why n

18、ot _ boating ?A.     to go B. go C. going D. goes 5.  Why _ off the light ?A.     to turn B. turn C. turned D. turns6. Will you please _ it again more slowly ?A. to say B. saying C. say D. says歸納：had better , Why (not), Will you please ,would rather以及情態(tài)動詞

19、后 J. it句型it句型是初中英語中使用頻率較多的重點句型之一，為了便于中考復(fù)習(xí)，現(xiàn)將常見有關(guān)it的主要句式歸納如下：1.“It is time for”表示“是時候了”。句中介詞for后接名詞或代詞作賓語。如：Its time for school.是上學(xué)的時候了?！癐ts time to do sth.”表示“是做某事的時候了”。此句常與上句替換使用。如：It is time for us to have lunch.=It is time for our lunch.是我們吃午飯的時候了。2.在“It seems”句中，seem是不及物動詞，常作系動詞用，有“好像、似乎”的意

20、思，后面可跟動詞不定式、形容詞作表語，也可跟從句。如：It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter.看來沒有人知道這件事。3.“Its ones turn to do sth.” 表示“輪到某人做某事了”。如：Its your turn to play ping-pong.該輪到你打乒乓球了。4.“It is+形容詞+to do sth.”表示“做某事怎么樣”。其中it作形式主語，代替后面的不定式to do sth.(真正主語)。 如：It is easy to speak English. 說英語很容易?！癐t is+形容詞+for

21、 sb.+to do sth.”意為“對某人來說做某事怎么樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞常常是easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，quick等，這些形容詞常與事物的特征有關(guān)。如：It is quite difficult for us to find out who broke the windows.對我們來說，查明是誰打破了窗戶是相當難的?！癐t is+形容詞+of sb.+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事怎樣”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞常常是：good，kind，nice，wrong，clever等，這些形容詞常與人的性格特點有關(guān)。如：It is v

22、ery nice of you to help me find my bike.你幫我找到了自行車真是太好了。5.“sb. thinks it+形容詞(for sb.)+to do sth.”中的it是形式賓語，后面的動詞不定式是真正賓語，形容詞在句中充當賓語(it)的補足語，運用于這種句式的謂語動詞有：think，find，believe，feel等。如：He found it very important for the students to learn English well.他發(fā)現(xiàn)對于學(xué)生來說學(xué)好英語很重要。6.“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”

23、表示“某人花費多少時間做某事”。其中it是形式主語，真正主語是后面的to do sth.。> 如：It takes me about half an hour to walk to school every day.我每天花費大約半小時步行去上學(xué)。三鞏固練習(xí)1.It took Alice and me an hour _ out the problem.A. to work B. working C.work D.for working.2.I found it very important _ English well.A. learning B. learn C. to learn

24、D.learned3.It's very nice _ you to _ me about it.A.  for; tell B. of; say C. to; speak D.of; tell4 It's time _ to school now.A. for us to go B. to us to go C. for us going D. to us going 5 They said they really didn't know _A. what they shall do . B. do what C. to what do D. wh

25、at to do 6 Will you please _ smoke here?A. not to B. not C. to not D. don't7 Mother told Tom _on the wall.A. don't draw B. didn't draw C. not draw D. not to draw 8 -I didn't hear you come in last night. -That's good. We tried_noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be

26、9 Mike needed a friend _ him last week.A. to help B. helping C. help D. helped 10 Jack gives me a piece of paper_.A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 11 The room is too small _ so many people.A. holding B. to hold C. held D. to be held 12 We have studied English for more th

27、an two hours. Let's stop_ a rest.A. having B. have C. to have D. to having 13 We stopped_, but there was no sound.A. hearing B. to listen C. listening D. to hear 14 When we saw what he did, we couldn't help_. A. laugh B. laughed C. laughing D. to laugh 15 We had nothing to do but _ him the b

28、ad news.A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. told 16 His not _ made us worried.A. come B. came C. to come D. coming 17 _ books _ good to the young man.A. Reading; are B. To read; are C. Reading; is D. Read; is18 Has your father given up _ yet?A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. to smoking 19 Would you mi

29、nd _ the window?A. me opening B. my opening C. mine opening D. I open 20 She really felt like _ a walk in such a fine day.A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 21 My radio needs_.A. be mended o B. to be mended C. mend D. mended22 The garden is worth_.A. rebuilt B. rebuilting C. to rebuild D. be rebu

30、ilt23 My mother always stopped me from _ in the evening. A. watch TV B. to watch TV C. watches TV D. watching TV24 He left without _ any message.A. leave B. to leave C. left D. leaving25 I'm sorry I've kept you_ for so long.A. waited B. to wait C. wait D. waiting 26 When I came into the clas

31、sroom, I saw Liu Yang_ on the blackboard.A. drawing B. to draw C. drew D. draws 27 A lot of good land has gone with them, _ only sand.A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. leaves 28 -Something is wrong with your bike. Are you going to repair it yourself? -_A. No, I will repair it B. Yes, I have him repa

32、ir it C. Yes, I have it repaired D. No, I have him repaired it29 The stone is too heavy, please have it_.A. remove B. removing C. removed D. to remove 30 He always makes faces to make others_.A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laugh at 復(fù)習(xí)及作業(yè)1. I usually forget _ the light, but I remember _ it when

33、I left this morning.A. turning off, turning off B. to turn off, to turn off C. turning off, to turn off D. to turn off, turning off2. Thank you for _ me _ some tickets.A. to help, to get B. to help, gettingC. helping, to get D. helping, getting3. The old man is strong enough _ in such cold weather.A

34、. to swim B. swimming C. have a swim D. going swimming4. Look, Can you see a little boy _ up the ladder? Lets _ and _ it.A. climb, go, to hold B. climbs, to go, holdC. climbing, go, hold D. to climb, going, holding5. I am feeling cold. Do you mind _ the window ? A. close B. to close C. closing D. cl

35、osed6. When the police came in , they found the sick man _ on the ground. A. lie B. to lie C. laying D. lying7. Do you enjoy_ friends with foreigners and practise _ English with them?A. to make, to speak B. making, speakingC. to make, speaking D. making, to speak8. Id like _ watch TV at home. Youd b

36、etter _ with us.A. to watch, to stay B. to watch, stayC. watching, to stay D. watching, stay9. Last week, Sally and I went _ together. A. to fish B. fishing C. fished D. fish10. It usually take me two hours _ my homework, but yesterday I spent over 3 hours _ it. A. to finfish, to do B. finishing, do

37、ing C. finishing, to finish doing D. to finish, finishing doing11. Do you feel _ a walk in the garden? A having B. to having C .like having a talk D to have talk12. My mother is busy _some cooking now.A. do B. to do C. doing D. does13. Mr Brown asked Tom _ keep _ the same mistake.A. not to, making B

38、. not, to make C. not to, to make D. not, making14. - Have you finished _ the magazine?- Not yet. Ill try _ it to you before Friday.A. reading, returning B. to read, to returnC. reading, to return D. to read, returning15. Its too dark in the room _ . A. to see nobody B. not to see everything C. not

39、to see anything D. to see anything16. _ is very important _ us _ learn English well. A. It, for, to B. That, for, to C. It, to,/ D. That, to, /17. Every morning, Mrs White makes Tom _ exercise. Now Tom is made_ with his father. A. taking, running B. to take, to run C. take, to run D. to take, run18.

40、 The boy made faces just _ the others _. A. to make, laugh B. making, to laugh C. make, to laugh D. make, laugh19. The man in a black hat was noticed _ out of the building and _ on a bus. A. to go, get B. to go, got C. go, get D. going, got20. You dont look well. Why _ to see the doctor. A. not to g

41、o B. you not go C. not go D. not going21. She didnt use to _ in the south. She is now used to _ in Guangzhou. A. stay, live B. stay, living C. staying, living D. staying, live22. I have several books _. A. reading B. read C. to read D. reads23. Sally didnt know _. A. to buy what B. to buy which C. w

42、here to buy D. which to buy24. When they came to the forest, they heard somebody _ for help. A. call B. calling C. to call D. calls25. My watch is broken. I will _ tomorrow. A. have repaired it B. have it repaired C. have it to repaired D. repair it 26. She couldnt help _ after she heard the news. A. to cry B. crying C. cry D. cried27. It is difficult _the thief because it is very clever_. A. for you t