初中被動語態(tài)講解及練習

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上被動語態(tài)一、概念： 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動作是由主語完成的，要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動語態(tài)。二、主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳涞牟襟E： 1.把原主動句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z 2.把動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊碽e +過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態(tài)則保持不變。 3.原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它 的賓格形式出現(xiàn)（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。 4.其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。三、被動語態(tài)的用法： 1. 一般

2、現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new shop was built last year. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have

3、been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be l

4、ocked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞 7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態(tài)中不帶to ，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，須加上to 。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody

5、+ be +made to do something see somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改

6、為被動語態(tài)時，可以使用直接賓語也可以使用間接賓語作被動語態(tài)句子的主語。使用直接賓語(物)作主語時，要在動詞后加上介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。 He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，動詞短語應(yīng)當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。

7、We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)（即多數(shù)的瞬間動詞）： appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 結(jié)

8、束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 如：After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。(錯)The price has been risen. (對) The price has risen. (錯) The accident wa

9、s happened last week. (對) The accident happened last week. (錯) The price has raised. (對) The price has been raised. (錯) Please seat. (對) Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。2) 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, wat

10、ch， agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 如：This key just fits the lock. 被動語態(tài)練習一、選擇題( )1._anewlibrary_inourschoollastyear? A.Is;builtB.Was;bulitC.Does;buildD.Did;build ( )2.Anaccident_onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB

11、.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened ( )3.Cotton_inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow ( )4.Sofar,themoon_bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited ( )5.AtalkonChinesehistory_intheschoolhallnextweek. A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives ( )6.Howmanytre

12、es_thisyear? A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted ( )7.Alotofthings_bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow. A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone ( )8.Neitherofthem_inChina. A.ismadeB.aremadeC.weremadeD.made( )9.Look!Anicepicture_forourteacher.A.isdrawingB.isbeingdrawnC.hasbeendrawn

13、D.draws ( )10.Yourshoes_.Youneedanewpair.A.wearoutB.wornoutC.arewornoutD.isworn( )11.Thedoctor_foryet. A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent ( )12.-When_thiskindofcomputers_?-Lastyear. A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used ( )13.TheGreatWall_allovertheworld.A.knowsB.k

14、newC.isknownD.was known ( )14.I_insummer. A.bornB.wasbornC.havebeenbornD.amborn ( )15.HesaysthatMrZhang_tothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent( )16.Who_thisbook_? A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written ( )17.Mary_showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC

15、.isaskedD.asksto ( )18.Astory_byGrannyyesterday.A. wastoldusB. wastoldtousC. istoldusD. toldus ( )19.Themonkeywasseen_offthetree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. tojump( )20.Theschoolbag_behindthechair.A. puts B. canbeput C. canbeputted D. canput( )21.Olderpeople_well. A.looksafter B. mustbelookedafter C.

16、 mustlookafter D. lookedafter ( )22.Ourteacher_carefully. A. shouldbelistenedtoB. shouldbelistenC. belistenedD. islistened二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞。1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework_intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk_inSuzhou. 3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong_bythechildren. 4.Youn

17、eedn'tdoitnow. It_byyounow. 5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard_herbymelastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal_formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.I_thatforhim.8.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook_tothelibrary.9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?_abridge_herebythemayea

18、rago?10.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay_oninourschool. 11.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolorTVsets.ColorTVsets_moreandmorefarmers. 12.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch_bymybrother.13.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust_(byus)everyday.14.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_f

19、orcuttingthings. 15.Hemadethefarmersworkforalongtime.Thefarmers_foralongtime. 16.Didhebreakthewindowyesterday?_thewindow_yesterday?17.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses. Thelightgreendresses_out.18.Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroom_everyday. 19.Youmustnotplanttreesinverydryearth.Trees_inverydryearth.20.Youcandigaholeintheearth.AHole_intheearth.三、用動詞的正確語態(tài)填空。 1.Thestudents_often_(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs. 2.Thatplay_(put)onagainsometimenextmonth. 3.Theoldmanisill.He_(mustsend)tothehospital.4.Vegetables,egg