動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解

1、Book7 unit2動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)語態(tài)形一、復(fù)習(xí)各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu): be+ done （以 the book , publish 為例） 一般現(xiàn)在/過去時(shí)： The book is/ was published. 一般/過去將來時(shí): The book will/would be published. The book is/was going to be published. 現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： The book is/was being published. 現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí): The book has/had been published. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： The bo

2、ok can/could/may/mightbe published.二、不定式的被動(dòng)式的基礎(chǔ)知識：語態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing 沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前）三、通常在believe, suppose, say, report等動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的

3、句子中可以進(jìn)行主動(dòng)語態(tài)到被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及被動(dòng)語態(tài)和動(dòng)詞不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.據(jù)說麥克臥床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被殺了.四、 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者而非發(fā)出者時(shí)，不定式一般要采

4、用被動(dòng)形式(to be done).語法功能：1作主語：  It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作賓語：  She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語：  He wanted the letter to be typed at once.  She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語：  The books are not allowed to be t

5、aken out of the room.5作定語：    Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作狀語：      She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有時(shí)還可以有完成式的被動(dòng)式to have been done（表示該動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在主句之前的一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作），在句中作主語、賓語、定語，或者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語、復(fù)合謂語等，如：It is a good thing for hi

6、m to have been criticized.（主語）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (賓語)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （復(fù)合賓語）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （復(fù)合謂語）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定語）六、不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)

7、1There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)式來修飾主語，區(qū)別不大。(多用主動(dòng)形式)例如： There is a lot of work to do / to be done. There is no time to lose /to be lost.譯： 沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。_There is nothing to worry about.注意以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)如果不定式結(jié)構(gòu)加了"for sb."表示的邏輯主語時(shí)There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us與discuss 主謂關(guān)系，用主動(dòng)to discuss)

8、There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.(the book與publish是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)to be published)(2)某些動(dòng)詞(do, see)的不定式特殊用法時(shí)，兩種形式所表示的意思不同。比較：There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.) There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth see

9、ing.) There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.) 2 在“主語+ be+ adj+ to do”句型中：常見的adj有hard，amusing，interesting， cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，pleasant.etc.That question is difficult to answer. He is an impossible person to work with但若要強(qiáng)調(diào)句中

10、的受事者，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式： The handwriting is difficult to be read. 注意：如果動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，則要注意介詞的搭配。 John is difficult to deal with. 分析：_(動(dòng))-_(賓)）譯：這扶手椅坐起來很舒服。_ 這題目很難算出來。_The armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out3. 當(dāng)上述第2題中形容詞在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語，后接不定式： 

11、60; I found him easy to get along with.   They dont think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand. 4.在“tooto do; enoughto”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：The problem is

12、too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in.（不及物動(dòng)詞要補(bǔ)出相應(yīng)的介詞）但若要強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的受事者，也可用被動(dòng)式：    This box is too heavy to be lifted. 5在“with+n+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中。（和邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bedWith so many exercis

13、es to do，I cant go to the cinema6當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語在句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)。 例如：I have a meeting to attend.。(to attend與I有主謂關(guān)系，即I 是邏輯主語)Give him some books to read. (to read與him有主謂關(guān)系，即him 是邏輯主語)如果不屬于上述情況，則表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)仍需要用被動(dòng)形式。試比較下面兩句：1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me

14、or someone else) ?（to take 與you沒有主謂關(guān)系, 即you不是邏輯主語）練習(xí)：填寫括號中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式1. I have a meeting _ (attend) today. 2. He gave me some books _(read).  3. Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anythi

15、ng  _(take) to your parents?  7一些作表語用的不定式的主動(dòng)形式。 常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)et(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。例如：The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident. 但是，具有對比意義時(shí)，仍用被動(dòng)形式。例如：The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。She is to be praised, not to be blamed. Exercise1. Having

16、 a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she

17、 appears_ everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told4. Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking5. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settl

18、e D. being settled6. He_ and was made to repeat it.A. didnt understand B. didnt be understood C. wasnt understand D. wasnt understood7. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A. kept busy doing B. keep on doing C. have kept busy doing D. have been kept busy doing語法檢

19、測一根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的動(dòng)詞填入正確形式。1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _ (repair).2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once.4. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed_ (steal) it.7. I hope _(admit) to Zhongshan University.8.The bo

20、ok is said to _(translate) into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _(welcome) into their society .10.Come on! It is an easy sentence _ (translate).11.When I came in, he pretended to _.(read)13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.14.I dont know whether you happen _(hear)

21、, but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September. 15.He seems _（punish) by his teacher yesterday.16.The school ordered all the classroom_( clean ).17.My grandmother seems to have a lot _ (worry) about. 18.I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter _(post)?19.You are lucky enough _(not catch) in the rain.20. Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there?21. Have you any clothes _(wash), sir?” asked the maid.22. I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes_(wash)二、翻譯練習(xí)1.據(jù)說這會議已經(jīng)被取消了._2.這個(gè)學(xué)生似乎已經(jīng)對政治失去了興趣。_3.殘