2009 e-business-lectures-05-KM

1、2022-4-241知識(shí)管理與電子商務(wù)：?jiǎn)栴} 如何理解知識(shí)？ 知識(shí)擁有知識(shí)的人？ 知識(shí)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)？ 知識(shí)信息？ 知識(shí)管理是如何在企業(yè)管理中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的？ 為什么研究知識(shí)管理與電子商務(wù)的關(guān)系？2022-4-242知識(shí)管理與電子商務(wù) 知識(shí)（knowledge）的概念Knowledge is defined as a fluid mix of framed, contextual experience, values, situated information, expertise, and grounded intuition that provides the framework for evalu

2、ating, understanding, and incorporating new experiences and information. Such knowledge becomes not only embedded in documents or repositories but also in organizational routines, processes, practices, and norms.2022-4-243智力資本與知識(shí)的區(qū)別 Intellectual capital is an asset such as knowledge, collective expe

3、rtise, good will, brand value, or a patent that cannot be measured by traditional accounting methods but can be used by a company to its advantage. Skilled people, their competencies, market positions, good will, recognition, achievements, patents, contacts, support, collaborators, market innovation

4、 leadership, a repeat customer base, and reputation represent various facets of IC. 智力資本就是我們通常所理解的企業(yè)“無(wú)形資產(chǎn)”。2022-4-244智力資產(chǎn)與知識(shí)的區(qū)別 Knowledge is actionable information deeper, richer, and more expansive. It is available when and where needed to make the right decisions, and in the right context. It is v

5、alid information endowed with meaning, context, and purpose that bring it to habitually bear upon decisions. Knowledge is a subset of intellectual capital.2022-4-245信息與知識(shí)的區(qū)別 信息：processed data知識(shí)：actionable information 信息：simply gives us the facts知識(shí)：allows making predictions, casual associations, or p

6、redictive decisions 信息：clear, crisp, structured, and simplistic知識(shí)：muddy, fuzzy, partly unstructured2022-4-246信息與知識(shí)的區(qū)別 信息：easily expressed in written form知識(shí)：intuitive, hard to communicate, and difficult to express in words and illustrations 信息：obtained by condensing, correcting, and calculating data知

7、識(shí)：lies in connections, conversations between people, experience-based intuition, and peoples ability to compare situations, problems, and solutions2022-4-247信息與知識(shí)的區(qū)別 信息：devoid of owner dependencies知識(shí)：depends on the owner 信息：handled well by information systems知識(shí)：needs informal channels 信息：key resourc

8、e in making sense of large volumes of data知識(shí)：key resource in intelligent decision making, forecasting, design, planning, diagnosis, and intuitively judging2022-4-248信息與知識(shí)的區(qū)別 信息：evolves from data; formalized in databases, books, manuals, and documents知識(shí)：formed in and shared among collective minds; ev

9、olves with experience, successes, failures, and learning over time 信息：formalized, captured, and explicated; can easily be packaged into a reusable form知識(shí)：often emerges in minds of people through their experiences2022-4-249隱性（Tacit）與顯性（Explicit）知識(shí)的區(qū)別 考察角度：nature隱性知識(shí)：personal, context specific顯性知識(shí)：can

10、 be codified and explicated 考察角度：formalization隱性知識(shí)：difficult to formalize, record, encode, or articulate顯性知識(shí)：can be codified and transmitted in a systematic and formal language2022-4-2410隱性與顯性知識(shí)的 區(qū)別 考察角度：development process隱性知識(shí)：trial and error encountered in practice顯性知識(shí)：explication of tacit underst

11、anding and interpretation of information 考察角度：location隱性知識(shí)：peoples minds顯性知識(shí)：documents, databases, Web pages, e-mails, charts, etc2022-4-2411隱性與顯性知識(shí)的區(qū)別 考察角度：conversion processes隱性知識(shí)：converted to explicit through externalization that is often driven by metaphors and analogy顯性知識(shí)：converted back to taci

12、t through understanding and absorption 考察角度：IT support隱性知識(shí)：hard to manage, share , or support with IT顯性知識(shí)：well supported by existing IT2022-4-2412隱性與顯性知識(shí)的區(qū)別 考察角度：Medium needed隱性知識(shí)：needs a rich communication medium顯性知識(shí)：can be transferred through conventional electronic channels2022-4-2413知識(shí)的特點(diǎn)之一 its

13、experiential nature（經(jīng)驗(yàn)性）,Experiential knowledge is stored as scripts. Knowledge is largely derived form experience.2022-4-2414 its collaborative nature（協(xié)作性）Knowledge is essentially collaborative and falters with a data-hoarding mentality. New knowledge is created, in part, through the collaborative

14、processes that employees pursue as a part of their work.知識(shí)的特點(diǎn)之二2022-4-2415 Reciprocity（互惠性）Success of a knowledge management system depends on reciprocity. Knowledge management depends on knowledge sharing, reciprocity, and a supporting culture. Reciprocity drives peoples willingness to share knowle

15、dge and such reciprocity can be introduced only through appropriate reward systems and corporate culture change.知識(shí)的特點(diǎn)之三2022-4-2416知識(shí)管理的涵義廣義 Malhotra describes knowledge management as a process that caters to the critical issues of organizational adaptation, survival and competence in face of increas

16、ingly discontinuous environmental change. Essentially, it embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings.2022-4-2417知識(shí)管理的涵義狹義 Knowledge Management: M

17、anagement of business, customer, and process knowledge and its application for adding value and competitively differentiating product and service offerings.2022-4-2418知識(shí)管理的范圍和程序主要是 -Knowledge Acquisition -Preserving knowledge; -Sharing knowledge -Using knowledge; and -Creating knowledge;2022-4-2419

18、例如，從客戶(hù)角度來(lái)看知識(shí)管理：從客戶(hù)角度看知識(shí)的來(lái)源及其分類(lèi) （Knowledge Sources and Categories from the demand chains of customer-driven businesses）舉例說(shuō)明企業(yè)知識(shí)的來(lái)源2022-4-2420舉例說(shuō)明企業(yè)知識(shí)的來(lái)源 Markets: Market trends, news, development, and analysis Competitors: Competitor strategies, competing products and substitutes, and competitive intelligence Customers: Customer markets, processes, interaction, and operational data.2022-4-2421 Orders: Past and present orders, employees, and departments involved in