冶金工程專業(yè)外語翻譯

1、76687556f08495ece4f3fd870166734f.pdf專業(yè)外語翻譯練習(xí)（三上）第一章Extractive metallurgy, the science and technology used in the productions of metals, employs some of the same unit operations (單元操作) as chemical engineering. Different metals require different combinations of operations, but typically the production

2、 of a metal involves two major steps. 提取冶金是應(yīng)用于金屬生產(chǎn)的科學(xué)和技術(shù)。該學(xué)科使用了一些與化學(xué)工程相同的單元操作。不同的金屬需要不同的（單元）操作過程的結(jié)合，但一般情況下，每一種金屬的生產(chǎn)都包括兩個(gè)主要步驟。The first is the production of an impure (不純的，粗的) metal from ore minerals, commonly oxides or sulfides, and the second is the refining (精煉) of the reduced impure metal, for ex

3、ample, by selective oxidation of impurities or by electrolysis (電解). 首先是用金屬礦物通常為氧化礦或硫化礦生產(chǎn)出粗金屬；第二步是對(duì)還原得到的不純金屬的精煉，例如，通過雜質(zhì)的選擇性氧化或通過電解（進(jìn)行精煉）。 Extractive metallurgy is continually challenged(挑戰(zhàn), 提出難題) by the demand (需求) for metals which have not been produced previously(以前) or are difficult to produce; b

4、y the depletion (耗盡，減少) of the deposits of the richer and more easily processed ores of the traditional(傳統(tǒng)的) metals; and by the need for metals of greater purity and higher quality.提取冶金學(xué)不斷遭遇難題。這些難題是：如何滿足對(duì)先前沒有生產(chǎn)或難于生產(chǎn)的金屬的需求；如何解決傳統(tǒng)金屬的富礦床和較易處理礦床枯竭的矛盾以及如何滿足對(duì)更高純度和質(zhì)量的金屬的需求。第二章The reasons for metals dominan

5、ce in our life are not far to seek, for owing to their unique properties, they may be melted and cast into a multitude of shapes and sizes weighing from a few ounces to many tons. 金屬在我們生活中占主導(dǎo)地位的原因并不難找到，其原因得歸功于金屬的獨(dú)特的性質(zhì)，可以將金屬熔化并澆鑄成重幾盎司到許多噸不等的多種形狀和大?。ǖ蔫T件）。Their ability to deform without rupture （破裂） al

6、lows them to forged （鍛造） into intricate shapes, and their strength and hardness makes possible their utilization in building, transport, structural engineering, and other industries. （由于）金屬（具有）形變而不破裂的性能，（因而）可以把金屬鍛造成各種復(fù)雜形狀；而金屬的強(qiáng)度和硬度又使得金屬可以應(yīng)用于建筑業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、結(jié)構(gòu)工程和其它工業(yè)部門。The resistance to the corroding effec

7、ts of atmosphere, sea-water and chemicals shown by many of the non-ferrous metals is another of their valuable advantages. Electrical conductivity is also a valuable property of many metals.許多有色金屬所表現(xiàn)出來的抗大氣、海水和化工產(chǎn)品侵蝕的性能是金屬的另一種寶貴性質(zhì)。導(dǎo)電性也是許多金屬的一種重要性質(zhì)。Of the 100 elements available to us, about three-quar

8、ters can be classified as metals. And, about half of these are of at least some industrial or commercial use.在我們可獲得的100種元素中，約四分之三可歸入金屬，而這其中約二分之一至少具有某種工業(yè)或商業(yè)用途。 Metal alloys, which are combinations of two or more elements, are far more versatile (用途多的) and for this reason are the form in which most me

9、tals are produced and used by industry.由兩種或兩種以上的金屬元素結(jié)合形成的合金，其用途要廣泛得多，因此，大多數(shù)金屬都是以合金的形式工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用的。Drying and CalcinationA sulphating roast is achieved at about 600700, with a restricted（有限制的） amount of air and is used to produce a material which can be leached with dilute（稀的） H2SO4 to give a solution fr

10、om which the metal may be readily recovered. 硫酸化焙燒是在約600700的溫度下用有限量的空氣實(shí)現(xiàn)的，用來產(chǎn)生一種物料。該物料能用稀硫酸浸出，從而得到一種可以從中容易地回收金屬的溶液。A less-common type of roasting reaction may result（發(fā)生） at high temperatures where oxide and sulphide interact（相互反應(yīng)） to produce the metalknown as a reduction roast:2MeO+MeS3Me+SO2較不常見的焙燒

11、反應(yīng)（類型）可以在高溫下發(fā)生，此時(shí)（在這種場(chǎng)合）氧化物和硫化物相互反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生金屬稱之為還原焙燒：2MeO+MeS3Me+SO2SmeltingSmelting is essentially a melting process in which the components of the charge in the molten state separate into two or more layers which may be slag, matte, speiss or metal. Constituents of the charge, sometimes including values

12、, may also appear in the furnace gases. 熔煉基本上是一個(gè)熔化過程，在此過程中爐料的組元在熔融狀態(tài)下分解為兩層或多層，這些層次可以是熔渣、冰銅、黃渣或金屬。爐料的成分中，有時(shí)含一些有價(jià)組分，這些有價(jià)組分也可能出現(xiàn)在爐氣中。Matte smelting Matte smelting is usually carried out on concentrate which has been roasted to reduce its sulphur content to such a level that, when it is smelted with a s

13、uitable flux, a high-grade matte will be produced along with a slag containing most of the gangue materials.冰銅熔煉通常針對(duì)精礦進(jìn)行。精礦已經(jīng)經(jīng)過焙燒，把其硫含量減少到相當(dāng)?shù)某潭龋阂坏┯眠m宜的熔劑熔化便能生產(chǎn)出高品位的冰銅以及包含絕大部分脈石物料的爐渣。HydrometallurgyThe basic steps of hydrometallurgy are dissolution or leaching of values from the ore, elimination of un

14、wanted elements from the pregnant liquors (purification), concentration of the values and their deposition from solution either in compounded form by chemical precipitation or by reduction of the metal either chemically or electrolytically. 濕法冶金的基本步驟包括：礦石中有價(jià)金屬的溶解或浸出；母液中不期望元素的去除；有價(jià)元素的濃縮及其從溶液中的析出或者用化學(xué)

15、沉淀法以化合物的形式析出，或者用化學(xué)法（置換）或電解法還原金屬。Precipitated compounds may be treated further by any appropriate method. The essential conditions are that the valuable mineral must be soluble in water or in some other cheap reagent like sulphuric acid or that it can be rendered so soluble.沉淀出的化合物可以用任何適宜的方法作進(jìn)一步處理。（濕

16、法冶金的）基本條件是有價(jià)礦物必須溶于水或某種類似于硫酸的其它廉價(jià)試劑中，再或是能促使有價(jià)礦物具有類似的溶解性。Dump Leaching: The overburden and tailings dumps for copper mining operations often contain enough copper that it would be worthwhile to recover some of it. Dump leaching is then used to recover as much of the copper as can be leached out withou

17、t spending a lot of time and money on preparing the ore.廢石堆浸出：銅礦開采作業(yè)產(chǎn)生的表層巖石及尾礦堆通常都含有足以值得從中部分回收的銅。廢石堆浸出就是在無須花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢制備礦石的情況下，用來盡可能多地回收能夠浸出的銅。 This is done by trickling the leaching solution over a dump, and collecting the runoff solution to recover the copper that it dissolves, as shown in Figure 2

18、4. Dump leaching is quite slow, with periods of months or years needed before leaching is completed, and typically only about 60% of the copper in the dump is recovered.這種作業(yè)是：將浸出液從廢石堆上滴下，并收集（從廢石堆下）流出的溶液以回收溶于其中的銅，如圖24所示。廢石堆浸出非常緩慢，完成浸出所需的時(shí)間為數(shù)月或數(shù)年，而且通常僅能回收廢石堆中約60%的銅。Heap Leaching is similar to dump lea

19、ching, but instead of simply dumping ore on a hillside, the ore is crushed approximately to the size of gravel (to improve leaching rates and recovery) and piled onto artificial waterproof pads, as shown in Figure 25. 堆浸：堆浸與廢石堆浸出相似，所不同的是礦石不是簡單地傾倒在山邊，而是被破碎到大約礫石大小（以提高浸出速率和回收率）并堆在人工防水地基上，如圖25所示。Once th

20、e ore has finished leaching (after approximately 6 months to a year), the leached gangue is removed from the pad for disposal, and replaced with fresh ore.一旦礦石結(jié)束浸出（約六個(gè)月至一年之后），浸出殘?jiān)磯|子上撤走并進(jìn)行處理，取代之以新礦石。（圖中信息請(qǐng)?jiān)谙嚓P(guān)英文信息附近譯出）圖25：典型堆浸作業(yè)。墊子通常為混泥土，輔以橡膠或?yàn)r青涂層以防水。Solvent Sprinkler溶劑噴頭；Solution collection溶液收集；Wate

21、rproof pad (with embedded drainage channels)防水墊（內(nèi)嵌排水溝渠）Solvent extractionSolvent extraction involves two operations:a) Extraction The metal values in the aqueous (水的) phase are extracted by agitation with an organic solvent immiscible in that phase. The two phases are then allowed to separate; the aqueous phase is discarded or recycled and the loaded organic phase saved.b) Stripping Recovery of the metal values from the loade