航海英語閱讀理解

1、Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not.Liners can be

2、 classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehi

3、cles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for

4、 part of the year.1. The deep-sea liners .A. carry mainly containerized cargoB. carry mainly conventional cargoC. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesD. sail across channels and narrow seas.2. The Liners .A. always sail fullB. sail regularly even not fullC. always sail in ball

5、astD. will not sail if not full3. A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners .A. will be published weeklyB. will be published when they sail， whether full or not， from Europe to North America andto the Far EastC. will not be published even they sail fully loadedD. is published prior to thei

6、r departure4.It is implied in the passage that .A. the number of passenger ships is smallB. all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureC. it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular timeD. container carriers should carry some passengersPassage 02Nowadays， most merchant ships are b

7、uilt to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps.These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable ， but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps. A number are classed as coasters. These ply on co

8、astal routes and up rivers to inland ports.The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes， but some are designed to carry generalcargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carrya particular type of cargo. There are several types of specialized

9、vessel. The most commonare oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers.1. The deep-sea tramps .A. carry bulk and general cargo across th

10、e high seasB. are built to carry passengersC. are mainly coastersD. are specialized vessel2. The coasters .A. always sail across the high seasB. commonly carry oil cargoC. are mainly tankersD. sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports3. The importance of LNG carriers .A. is growingB. is n

11、ot mentioned in passageC. is decreasingD. will be discussed further if necessary4.It is implied in the passage that .A. the number of specialized vessels is not smallB. all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureC. the tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships.

12、D. container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo ， the other carries liquid cargo; however ， an OBO ship is designed to carry both. A traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel. Her holds are divided h

13、orizontally by one or two 'tween decks ， because these make stowage of individual packages easier. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers.These do not have 'tween decks as cargo is carried loose. The most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container ship. They carry containers of st

14、andard dimensions， consequentlystowage is easier. Fruit ， meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigeratedships. Oil tankersare the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large ， because huge quantities of oil need to be transported and one large vessel is more economical to

15、 operate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier， although chemical can also becarried in drums in general cargo ships.1. There are types of liquid bulk carrier.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 52. A multi

16、-deck vessel has tween decks.A. has many B. noC. only one D. has up to two3. Fruit ， meat and dairy produce are carried in.A. containers carriersB. traditional shipsC. OBO ships D. refrigerated ships4. The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are .A. tween deckers， OBO shipsB. tradit

17、ional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselC. OBO ships ， oil tankers ， chemical tankers and LNG carriersD. dry cargo ship， dry bulk cargo carrier， container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of thepropeller is the force working in a foreand aft direction.This forcecauses the

18、ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape， a shipwill move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of t

19、he water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ship's stern to starboard and her bow to port， when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and canbe corrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern， the

20、 effect is the opposite andthe stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.1. The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as.A. axial thrustB. transverse thrust

21、C. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the waterD. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water2. A left-handed propellers， when the ship is going ahead， will cant ship's stern to.A. starboard B. portC. to move a

22、headD. move astern3. The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is.A. going a sternB. going aheadC. stoppedD. making no way through the water4. The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by .A. the rudder B. the propeller itselfC. the nautical instrumentD. wi

23、nd and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer ，or First Mate as he is often called ， is the Master's chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate) ， a Third Officer(Mate) ， and sometimes a Fourth Officer(Mate). Several companies employ a First Officer as well

24、as aChief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter ， both petty officers ，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen(AB) ，Ordinary Seamen(OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). There are other grades of seamen. On some ships Navig

25、ating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second， Third ， Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there i

26、s also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former is headed by the Second Steward ， the latter by the Ship

27、9;s Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks ， and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. Onships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers: a Chief， Seco

28、nd and Third.1. is not a petty officer.A. BoatswainB. Second StewardC. Radio Officer.D. Storekeeper2. EDH is rank which is higher than.A. Second Steward B. ABC. OS D. Chief Engineer 3.Storekeeper belong to .A. Deck Dept B. Engine DeptC. Catering DeptD. Radio Dept4. There are departments on bard a bi

29、g ship according to the passage.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate ，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data

30、 on suitable equipment and that ， other applications should not be running on the user's machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data ， and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is

31、a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission ， or in the process of display or printing on the user's equipment ， or if converted to other software formats ， and is accordingly advised that the UKHOcannot accept responsibility for any such change ，or any modifications or unauth

32、orised changes ，made by licensees ，or other parties.1. The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except .A. during transmissionB. in the display or printing on the user's equipmentC. in converting to other software formatsD. in air mail delivery to the readers2. The use of th

33、e data is advised to consult for further details.A. Mariners HandbookC. Guide to Port Entry 3.Of the following itemsB. Sailing DirectionsD. Notices to Mariners is not mentioned for which UKHOwill accept no responsibility.A. change in the process of display or printingB. unauthorised changes made by

34、licensees or other partiesC. modifications made by licensees or other partiesD. professional amendments4.It is implied that .A. the data are incorrectB. the data are to be corrected intensivelyC. although the data are accurate enough ， you are still advised to use it with cautionD. not to use it if

35、you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionPassage 07 The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers b

36、efore being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials ， they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried.One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are us

37、ually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popularin trading circles， and the trend is thatthe tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.1. What does "innovation" in the first paragraph mean? .A. making changesB. the introduction of an antigenic substance i

38、nto the body against a specific diseaseC. The act of introducing something new.D. revolution2. Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.A. filledB. loadedC. stuffedD. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public3.Of the following ， is not the feature of the container ship

39、?A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargoC. The container ship is becoming increasingly saferD. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container4. The tonnage of container ship is .A. decreasing B. increasingC. remaining the same D. cha

40、ngingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They ， however ，are subject to frequent changes ， such as those of navigational aids ， of waterways due to the dredging and construction ，of depths of water ， and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliabl

41、e，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners ， which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so ， the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area ， wh

42、ich is also called block ， to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.1. Nautical charts need correction because .A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable.B. there are always some mistakesC. wrecks may appear or be removedD. they could never be reprinted2. Correction to charts are m

43、ade by crew members in accordance with .A. Notices to MarinersB. Sailing DirectionsC. Guide to Port EntryD. Supplement3.In the passage ， Blocks are .A. large scale chartsB. representations of chartsC. reproductions of portions of chartsD. small scale charts4.The purpose of correction to charts is to

44、 .A. keep them up-to-dateB. make the charts brand-newC. keep the charts available to all mariners in the worldD. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Correcti ons to Saili ng Directio ns are give n in Sectio n IV. Those in force at the end of theyear are reprinted in the Annual Summaryof Noti

45、ces to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section V of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections inforce on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if a

46、ny corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force.It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain thosecorrections issued after the date of the new supplement，

47、which may be several months beforeits receipt on board.1. are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners.A. The Sailing DirectionsB. The corrections to Sailing DirectionsC. The effective corrections to Notices to MarinersD. The Weekly Edition2. The parent book is .A. The Sailing Directio

48、nB. The corrections to Sailing Directions in forceC. the Annual Summary of Notices to MarinersD. the Weekly Edition3.It is recommended that corrections to the Sailing Directions be .A. made by handB. consulted at the last week of each monthC. stuck in the parent book or current supplementD. kept in

49、a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top4.If the corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement， .A. when a new supplement is received，those corrections issued after the date of the newsupplement must be retainedB. the parent book must be consultedC. the current supp

50、lement must be consultedD. the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners must be usedPassage 10The amount of detail shown on a chart varies with the scale of the chart. On a large scale chart ， for example ，full details of all lights and fog signals are shown，but on smaller scales theorder of reduction

51、of information in elevation ， period ，range ， until on an ocean chart of thearea only lights with a range of 15 miles or more will normally be inserted ， and then only their light-star and magenta flare. On the other hand， radio beacons are omitted from large scalecharts where their use would be ina

52、ppropriate， and， unless they are long range beacons，fromocean charts.1.Ocean charts are ones.A. large scaleB. small scaleC. inappropriateD. omitted2. What cannot be found in the large scale charts? .A. Radio beacons of small rangeB. Full details of all lights.C. ElevationsD. Full details of fog sign

53、als3. The light-star and magenta flare are shown on .A. large scale charts onlyB. small scale charts onlyC. both small and large scale chartsD. neither small nor large scale charts4. The title of this passage should be .A. Lights and Beacons on ChartsB. Characteristic of Lights and BeaconsC. Correct

54、ions to Small and Large Scale chartsD. Navigational Charts PublicationPassage 11DALIAN OBSY GALE WARNING 190600Z COLDFRONTWILLPASSBOHAISEABOHAISTRANITOSRTH AND CENTRALHUANGHAISECAAUSING GALE WINDS TOMORROW AFTERNOON AND EVENING STOP.SYNOPTIC SITUATION 190600ZLOW994 HPAAT 48N 118E MOVINGSE8 KTSWITH C

55、OLDFRONTFROMCENTERPASSISNG44N 128E HIGH1013HPA AT 38N 124E STATIONARY STOP24HOURS WEATHER FORECAST FROM 191000Z BOHAISEABOHAISTRAITNSORTHANDCENTRALHUANGHAISPEARLYCLOUDYBECOMINGOVERCASTOMORROWWITH RAIN SW WINDS FORCE 7 TO 8 TOMORROW ATERNOON AND EVENINGSEA ROUGH BECOMING VERY ROUGH STOP. 1.The COLD F

56、RONT will pass Bohai Sea， Bohai Straits ， North and central Huanghai Sea onA. The 20thB. The 19thC. The 18thD. The 6th2. is stationary at 38N 124E.A. Low 994 Hpa B. High 1013 HpaC. Cold frontD. Warm front3. The winds are expected tomorrow to be?A. rough B. very roughC. SE 8 knotsD. SW 7-8 in force4.

57、 What is the weather like tomorrow in this area? .A. It will be partly cloudy becoming overcast with rain and SW force 7-8 windsB. LOW 994 HPA at 48N 118E is moving SE 8 KTS with COLD FRONT from center passing 44N 128EC. HIGH 1013HPA at 38N 124E will be stationaryD. It will rain the whole dayPassage

58、 12In some parts of a chart where the spaces are rather blank and there are no symbols of any kind ， there may be Cautions ， Warnings ， Notes ， etc. ， which should be taken into account while using a chart. All of those Cautionary Notes give the mariner facilities to ensure safe navigation，such as to avoid running aground in s