化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上化工專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯reaction kinetics 反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)reactant 反應(yīng)物purify 精制提純r(jià)ecycle 循環(huán)回收 unconverted reactant未轉(zhuǎn)化的反應(yīng)物chemical reactortransfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization結(jié)晶drying干燥screening篩選，浮選chemical reaction化學(xué)反應(yīng)cracking of petroleum石油裂解catalyst催化劑， reaction zone反應(yīng)區(qū)conservation of mass and energy能

2、量與質(zhì)量守衡定律technical advance 技術(shù)進(jìn)步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反應(yīng)separation 分離 heat exchange 熱交換 reactive distillation 反應(yīng)精餾capital expenditure 基建投資setup 裝置capital outlay 費(fèi)用，成本，基建投資yield 產(chǎn)率，收率reaction byproduct 反應(yīng)副產(chǎn)物equilibrium constant 平衡常數(shù)waste 廢物feedstock 進(jìn)料，原料product 產(chǎn)物，產(chǎn)品percent conversion百分比

3、轉(zhuǎn)化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化劑reactant 反應(yīng)物inert 惰性物，不參加反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)reactive distillation 反應(yīng)精餾energy saving 節(jié)約能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 熱敏性物質(zhì)pharmaceutical 制藥foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity氣體擴(kuò)散性，氣體擴(kuò)散系數(shù)gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化學(xué)品，特種化學(xué)品batch

4、間歇的；continuous：連續(xù)的micro-reactor 微型反應(yīng)器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氫氣和甲烷氧化反應(yīng)ethylene epoxidation 乙烯環(huán)氧化反應(yīng)phosgene synthesis 光氣合成.commercial proportions 商業(yè)規(guī)模replication 復(fù)制sensor 傳感器，探頭separation of solids 固體分離suspension 懸浮液 porous medium 多孔介質(zhì)filtration 過(guò)濾medium 介質(zhì)filter 過(guò)濾器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏

5、漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 錐形漏斗filter paper 濾紙area 面積filter cake 濾餅factor 因數(shù)，因子，系數(shù)，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度 corrosive property 腐蝕性particle size 顆粒尺寸shape 形狀size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性質(zhì)concentration 濃度f(wàn)iltrate 濾液feed liquor 進(jìn)料液pretreatment 預(yù)處理 latent heat 潛熱resistance 阻力surface la

6、yer 表面層filtering medium 過(guò)濾介質(zhì)drop in pressure 壓降 filtering surface 過(guò)濾表面filter cake 濾餅cake filtration 餅層過(guò)濾deep bed filtration 深層過(guò)濾depth 深度law 定律net flow 凈流量conduction 傳導(dǎo) convection 對(duì)流radiation 輻射 temperature gradient 溫度梯度metallic solid 金屬固體thermal conduction 熱傳導(dǎo)motion of unbound electrons 自由電子的運(yùn)動(dòng)elect

7、rical conductivity 導(dǎo)電性thermal conductivity 導(dǎo)熱性poor conductor of electricity 不良導(dǎo)電體transport of momentum 動(dòng)量傳遞 the random motion of molecules 分子無(wú)規(guī)則運(yùn)動(dòng)brick wall 墻壁 furnace 火爐，燃燒器metal wall of a tube 金屬管壁macroscopic particle 宏觀的粒子control volume 控制體enthalpy 焓 macroscopic phenomenon 宏觀現(xiàn)象 forces of friction

8、 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流體力學(xué) flux（通量，流通量） of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，渦流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然對(duì)流和強(qiáng)制對(duì)流 buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 溫度梯度electromagnetic wave 電磁波 fused quartz 熔化的石英 reflect 反射，inflection:折射 matte無(wú)光澤的，無(wú)光的temperature level 溫度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相際間質(zhì)量傳遞r

9、ate of diffusion擴(kuò)散速率 acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解 ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨氣-水混合物 physical process 物理過(guò)程 oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氫氧化鈉actualrate of absorption 實(shí)際吸收速率two-film theory 雙膜理論 concentration difference 濃度差in the vicinity of 在附近，靠近.,大約，在左右molecula

10、r diffusion 分子擴(kuò)散laminar sub-layer 層流底層resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 邊界層Ficks Law 費(fèi)克定律is proportional to 與成比例 concentration gradient 濃度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 裝置feed 進(jìn)料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶劑top 頂部，塔頂partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸點(diǎn)equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向擴(kuò)散ideal system 理想

11、系統(tǒng)ratio of A to B A與B的比值with the result that：由于 的緣故，鑒于 的結(jié)果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 噴淋室maintenance expense 維修費(fèi)foundation 基礎(chǔ)tower shell 塔體packing material 填料pump 泵blower 風(fēng)機(jī)accessory heater 附屬加熱器cooler 冷卻器heat exchanger 換熱器solvent-recovery system 溶劑回收系統(tǒng)operating cost 操作費(fèi)

12、用 power 動(dòng)力circulating gas 循環(huán)氣labor 勞動(dòng)力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷卻水solvent make-up 補(bǔ)充溶劑optimum 最優(yōu)的unabsorbed component未吸收組分purity純度volatility揮發(fā)性vapor pressure蒸汽壓liquid mixture 液體混合物condense凝縮，冷凝binary distillation雙組分精餾multi-component distillation多組分精餾stage-type distillation column級(jí)板式精餾塔mount

13、安裝，固定conduit導(dǎo)流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接觸裝置valve tray浮閥塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝縮液overhead vapor塔頂汽體condenser冷凝器 ifeed tray進(jìn)料板 base塔底，基礎(chǔ) bottoms product塔底產(chǎn)品 condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提餾段distillate section精餾段total condense全凝器distillate

14、product塔頂餾出產(chǎn)品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 熱力學(xué)平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步結(jié)晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶劑 employ采納，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可攪拌的mechanical separation 機(jī)械分離）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烴的 paraffin石蠟，鏈烷烴 lubricating oil潤(rùn)滑油decompose分解，離解，還原，腐爛penicillin青霉素s

15、treptomycin（鏈霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement熱負(fù)荷solute溶質(zhì)extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流擋板，緩沖擋板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge離心.離心機(jī)，離心分離emulsifying agent乳化劑density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固體干燥process material過(guò)程物料(相對(duì)最終產(chǎn)品而言的） organic有機(jī)的，有機(jī)物的 benzen

16、e苯humidity濕度moisture content濕含量 drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content臨界濕濕含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面） approximate to：接近，趨近straight line：直線constant-rate drying period恒速干燥階段 convection drying對(duì)流干燥drying gas干燥氣體 falling-rate period降速干燥階段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor變色，脫色su

17、blime升華freeze drying冷凍干燥adiabatic絕熱的，不傳熱的pressure gradientperpendicular to：與-垂直counter-current逆流per unit area單位面積 water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：顯熱）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量關(guān)系 thermal diffusion熱擴(kuò)散 at right angles to 與成直角，與垂直by virtue of 由于，根據(jù)，憑借于molecular transfer分

18、子傳遞balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of 的函數(shù)of the same order具有同一數(shù)量級(jí)eddy diffusion渦流擴(kuò)散 is almost inversely proportional to 幾乎與成反比Reynolds number雷諾準(zhǔn)數(shù)fully developed turbulent flow充分發(fā)展湍流coefficient系數(shù)In principle從原理而言exothermic（放熱的，endothermic吸熱的,adiabatic絕熱的）triple bond三健，三價(jià)nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compou

19、nd化合物 conversion轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化率 protein蛋白質(zhì)compress壓縮reaction yield反應(yīng)產(chǎn)率reaction speed反應(yīng)速度 one-pass（單程） reactorenergy input能量輸入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output產(chǎn)出，輸出，產(chǎn)量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸銨ammonium phosphate磷酸銨ammonium sulfate硫酸銨diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氫銨 ash純堿pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物

20、nylon尼龍acrylics丙烯酸樹(shù)脂via經(jīng)，由，通過(guò)，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氫nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集裝炸藥crude oil原油natural gas天然氣bitumen瀝青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage滲出物asphalt瀝青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡膠fiber纖維soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗劑wax石蠟explosive炸藥oil shale油頁(yè)巖deposit沉積物aquatic plant 水生植物se

21、dimentary rock沉積巖sandstone砂巖 siltstone泥巖tar sand瀝青石chain-shaped鏈狀的methane甲烷paraffin石蠟，烷烴ring-shaped（環(huán)狀的） hydrocarbonnaphthene環(huán)烷烴naphtha石腦油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油狀的asphaltene瀝青油impurity雜質(zhì)pollutant 污染物combustion燃燒capillarity毛細(xì)現(xiàn)象，毛細(xì)管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(國(guó)際原油計(jì)量單位)tanker油輪kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油ref

22、orming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（帶支鏈的）materials science材料科學(xué)mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior.（機(jī)械性能、熱學(xué)性能、化學(xué)性能、電學(xué)性能、磁性能、光學(xué)性能）Amalgam 汞齊，水銀；混合物，交叉solid state physics固體物理學(xué)metallurgy 冶金學(xué)，冶金術(shù)magnet 磁鐵，有吸引力的人或物insulation 絕緣catalytic cracki

23、ng 催化裂化structural steels 結(jié)構(gòu)鋼computer microchip 計(jì)算機(jī)芯片Aerospace 航空 Telecommunication 電信information processing 信息處理nuclear power 核能 energy conversion 能量轉(zhuǎn)化internal structure 內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)defect structure 結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷crystal flaw 晶體瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 錯(cuò)位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體mechanical disturba

24、nce 機(jī)械擾動(dòng)ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋轉(zhuǎn)電子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非結(jié)晶的，玻璃狀的；無(wú)一定目的的，亂七八糟chemical process safety 化工過(guò)程安全exotic chemistry 奇異化學(xué)hydrodynamic model水力學(xué)模型two-phase flow兩相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release釋放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故預(yù)防hard hat 安全帽safety sh

25、oe防護(hù)鞋rules and regulations 規(guī)章制度loss prevention損失預(yù)防hazard identification 危害辯識(shí)，technical evaluation技術(shù)評(píng)估safety management support安全管理基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)safety experience安全經(jīng)驗(yàn)technical competence技術(shù)能力safety knowledge安全知識(shí)design engineer設(shè)計(jì)師cost engineer造價(jià)師process engineering過(guò)程工程plant layout工廠布局general service facilities公用

26、工程plant location工廠選址close teamwork緊密的團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作specialized group專業(yè)組storage倉(cāng)庫(kù)waste disposal廢物處理terminology術(shù)語(yǔ)，詞匯accountant會(huì)計(jì)師，會(huì)計(jì)，出納final-proposal決議tangible return有形回報(bào)Empirical model 經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蚿rocess control（過(guò)程控制） first-principles基本原理，基本規(guī)則regression model回歸模型.operating condition操作條件nonlinear-equation-solving tech

27、nique非線性方程求解技術(shù)process-simulation software packages過(guò)程模擬軟件包 least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 統(tǒng)計(jì)技術(shù)intensity強(qiáng)度，程度phenomenological model 現(xiàn)象模型model identification模式識(shí)別neural network神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)a priori：先驗(yàn)的，既定的，不根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，由原因推出結(jié)果的，演繹的，直覺(jué)的process data historian：過(guò)程數(shù)據(jù)歷史編撰師qualitative定性的quantitative preci

28、sion定量的精確high-fidelity高保真的 computationally intensive計(jì)算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model穩(wěn)態(tài)模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助聽(tīng)器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ輔助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科學(xué)家agricultural engineer農(nóng)藝師fermentation發(fā)酵civil engineer土木工程師sanitat

29、ion衛(wèi)生physiologists生理學(xué)criteria 指標(biāo)human medicine人體醫(yī)學(xué)medical electronics醫(yī)療電子medical instrumentation醫(yī)療器械blood-flow dynamics血液流動(dòng)動(dòng)力學(xué)prosthetics假肢器官學(xué)biomechanics生物力學(xué)surgeon外科醫(yī)生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理學(xué)家counterpart對(duì)應(yīng)物，配對(duì)物psychology心理學(xué)self-taught自學(xué)barrier障礙物medical engineering醫(yī)學(xué)工程，醫(yī)療工程 health care

30、保健diagnostic application of computers計(jì)算機(jī)診斷agricultural engineering農(nóng)業(yè)工程biological production生物制品生產(chǎn) bionics（仿生學(xué)） human-factors engineering人類與環(huán)境工程environmental health engineering環(huán)境健康工程environmentally benign processing環(huán)境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化學(xué)品 styrene苯乙烯 ibuprofen異丁苯丙酸t(yī)he Chemical Manufactu

31、rers Association化工生產(chǎn)協(xié)會(huì)as a whole整體而言emission釋放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，無(wú)償?shù)?，義務(wù)的；有意的，隨意的；民辦的in the absence of無(wú)-存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工產(chǎn)品Fine chemical 精細(xì)化工Pharmaceutical制藥segment段，片，區(qū)間，部門，部分；弓形，圓缺；分割，切斷tonnage噸位，噸數(shù)，噸產(chǎn)量inorganic salt無(wú)機(jī)鹽hydroquinone 對(duì)苯二酚demonstrate論證，證明，證實(shí)；說(shuō)明，表明，顯示forefront最前線，最前沿Lewis

32、 acid不可再生的路易斯酸 anhydrous無(wú)水的phaseout消除 HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府規(guī)定 pharmaceutical intermediate藥物中間體stereoselective立體選擇性的ketone酮functional group官能團(tuán)detrimental有害的 chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳 straightforward簡(jiǎn)單明了的coordinating ligand配合體，向心配合體kilogram千克 thermal stability熱穩(wěn)定性devastate破壞，蹂躪outline描繪，勾勒membrane technology膜技術(shù) production line生產(chǎn)線dairy牛奶water purif