新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版第四冊(cè)課文及翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Love and logic: The story of fallacyI had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give

2、me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show t

3、he elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition."Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken".After a banner day out, I drove until we were situate

4、d under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to

5、 talk about?" she asked.愛(ài)情與邏輯：謬誤的故事在我和室友羅伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次約會(huì)。那一年校園里每個(gè)人都有件皮夾克，而羅伯是校足球隊(duì)員中唯一一個(gè)沒(méi)有皮夾克的，他一想到這個(gè)就受不了，于是他和我達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，用他的女友換取我的夾克。他可不那么聰明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。但她漂亮而且富有，也沒(méi)有把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色或是化很濃的妝。她擁有合適的家庭背景，足以勝任一名堅(jiān)忍而睿智的律師的女友。如果我能夠讓我所申請(qǐng)的頂尖律師事務(wù)所看到我身邊伴隨著一位光彩照人、談吐優(yōu)雅的另一半，我就很有可能在競(jìng)聘中以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)獲勝?！肮獠收杖恕?，她已經(jīng)是了。而我也能施予她

6、足夠多的“智慧之珠”，讓她變得“談吐優(yōu)雅”。在一起外出度過(guò)了美好的一天之后，我驅(qū)車(chē)來(lái)到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡樹(shù)下。我的想法有些怪異。而這個(gè)地方能夠俯瞰燈火燦爛的城區(qū)，我覺(jué)得它會(huì)使人的心情變輕松。我們呆在車(chē)子里，我調(diào)低了音響并把腳從剎車(chē)上挪開(kāi)?！拔覀円勑┦裁?？”她問(wèn)道。"Logic.""Cool," she said over her gum."The doctrine of logic,” I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort

7、 the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter.""Great,” she agreed."Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise."She nodded in agreement.I could see

8、 she was stumped. "Polly," I explained, "it's too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people.""Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right? Lis

9、ten carefully: You can't speak French. Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French.""Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?""This is also a fallacy," I said. "The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances sup

10、port such a conclusion."She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway. I took her home and set a date for another conversation.Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam."She nodded with delight."L

11、isten closely," I said. "A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed.""Oh, this is awful, awful," she whispered in a choked voice."Yes, its awful," I agreed, "but it's no argument. The ma

12、n never answered the boss's question. Instead he appealed to the boss's sympathy - Ad Misericordiam."“邏輯學(xué)?！薄昂每岚?，”她一邊嚼著口香糖一邊說(shuō)?！斑壿媽W(xué)的原理，”我說(shuō)道，“即清晰思考的主要原則。邏輯上出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題會(huì)歪曲事實(shí)，其中有些還很普遍。我們先來(lái)看看一種叫做絕對(duì)判斷的邏輯謬誤?！薄昂冒。彼硎就??！敖^對(duì)判斷是指在證據(jù)不足的情況下所作出的推斷。比方說(shuō)：運(yùn)動(dòng)是有益的，所以每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該運(yùn)動(dòng)。她點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。我看得出她沒(méi)弄明白?！安ɡ?，”我解釋說(shuō)，“這個(gè)推斷太過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單

13、化了。如果你有心臟病或者超級(jí)肥胖癥什么的，運(yùn)動(dòng)就變得有害而不是有益。所以你應(yīng)該說(shuō)，運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是有益的?！薄敖酉聛?lái)是草率結(jié)論。這似乎不言自明，對(duì)吧？仔細(xì)聽(tīng)好了：你不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，羅伯也不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，那么這所學(xué)校里好像是沒(méi)有人會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)?！薄笆菃?？”波莉吃驚地說(shuō)?！皼](méi)有人嗎？”“這也是一種邏輯謬誤，”我說(shuō)，“這一結(jié)論太草率了，因?yàn)槟軌蛑С诌@一結(jié)論的例證太少了?！彼坪鯇W(xué)得很開(kāi)心，而我也可以放心地說(shuō)我的計(jì)劃正在穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)中。我把她送回家，并且定下了下一次約會(huì)交談的日子。第二天晚上，坐在那棵橡樹(shù)下，我說(shuō)：“今天晚上我們要談的第一個(gè)邏輯謬誤叫文不對(duì)題?！彼吲d地點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。“聽(tīng)好了，”我說(shuō)，“有個(gè)人去申請(qǐng)工

14、作，當(dāng)老板問(wèn)他有什么應(yīng)聘資格時(shí)，他說(shuō)他有六個(gè)孩子要撫養(yǎng)。”“哇，這太可怕了，太可怕了，”她哽咽著輕聲說(shuō)到?！皩?duì)，是挺可怕的，”我表示贊同地說(shuō)，“但這不是理由。這個(gè)人根本沒(méi)有回答老板的問(wèn)題，而只是在博取老板的同情，這就是文不對(duì)題?！盨he blinked, still trying hard to keep back her tears."Next," I said carefully, "we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students should be allowed to look at their te

15、xtbooks during exams, because surgeons have X-rays to guide them during surgery."I like that idea," she said."Polly," I groaned, "don't derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors aren't taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. Th

16、e situations are altogether different. You can't make an analogy between them.""I still think its a good idea," said Polly.With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our

17、 relationship from academic to romantic."Polly," I said when next we sat under our oak, "tonight we won't discuss fallacies.""Oh?" she said, a little disappointed.Favoring her with a grin, I said, "We have now spent five evenings together. We get along pretty w

18、ell. We make a pretty good couple.""Hasty Generalization," said Polly brightly. "Or as a normal person might say, that's a little premature, don't you think?"'I laughed with amusement. She'd learned her lessons well, far surpassing my expectations. "Swee

19、theart," I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, "five dates is plenty. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good."她眨著眼睛，仍在竭力地忍住眼淚?！敖酉聛?lái)”，我小心地說(shuō)，“我們來(lái)討論錯(cuò)誤類比。舉個(gè)例子：學(xué)生考試時(shí)應(yīng)該允許看課本，因?yàn)橥饪漆t(yī)生在做手術(shù)時(shí)可以看 X 光片?！薄拔蚁矚g這個(gè)主意，”她說(shuō)?！安ɡ?，”我抱怨道，“別打岔，這一推論是錯(cuò)誤的。醫(yī)生們不是在參加考試以檢查他們學(xué)到了

20、多少，而學(xué)生卻是。他們的情況完全不同，你不能將他們作類比?！薄拔胰匀徽J(rèn)為這是一個(gè)好主意，”波莉說(shuō)。經(jīng)過(guò)五個(gè)夜晚的辛勤努力，我竟然真的將波莉打造成了一個(gè)邏輯行家，她總算能夠分析思考了?，F(xiàn)在應(yīng)該是時(shí)候讓我們的關(guān)系從學(xué)術(shù)向浪漫發(fā)展了?！安ɡ?，”當(dāng)我們又一次坐在那棵橡樹(shù)下的時(shí)候我對(duì)她說(shuō)，“今晚我們不討論邏輯謬誤了?！薄芭?？”她回答說(shuō)，有一點(diǎn)失望。我贊許地對(duì)她笑了笑，說(shuō)：“我們?cè)谝黄鹨呀?jīng)度過(guò)了五個(gè)晚上，相互之間挺合得來(lái)，我們是蠻相配的一對(duì)?！薄安萋式Y(jié)論，”波莉伶俐地說(shuō)，“或者是按一般人的說(shuō)法，這個(gè)結(jié)論有些不成熟，你不這樣認(rèn)為嗎？”我被逗得笑了起來(lái)，她功課還真學(xué)得不錯(cuò)，大大超過(guò)了我的預(yù)期?！坝H愛(ài)的，”我開(kāi)

21、口說(shuō)，同時(shí)寬容地拍了拍她的手，“五次約會(huì)已經(jīng)夠多了，畢竟你不需要吃掉整個(gè)蛋糕才知道它是不是好吃?！?quot;False Analogy," said Polly promptly."Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you're not a cake. You're a boy."I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she'd learned her lessons too well.A fe

22、w more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead."Polly, I love you. Please say you'll go out with me. I'm nothing without you.""Ad Misericordiam," she said."You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it," I said, m

23、y hopes starting to crumble."But don't take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with real life.""Dicto Simpliciter," she said. "Besides, you really should practice what you preach."I l

24、eaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. "Will you or will you not go out with me?""No to your proposition," she replied."Why?" I demanded."I'm more interested in a different petitioner - Rob and I are back together.With great effort, I said calmly, "How co

25、uld you give me the axe over Rob?Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.“錯(cuò)誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)?！澳愕那疤崾羌s會(huì)就如同吃東西。可你不是蛋糕，你是個(gè)男孩?！蔽矣中α诵?，不過(guò)不覺(jué)得那么有趣了，同時(shí)還不能表露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。再錯(cuò)幾步我可就無(wú)法挽回了。我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法?！安ɡ?，我愛(ài)你。請(qǐng)答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒(méi)有你我什么也不是?！薄拔牟粚?duì)題，”她說(shuō)?！澳氵€真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時(shí)一一辨別它們了，”我說(shuō)，心里

26、的希望已經(jīng)開(kāi)始動(dòng)搖?！安贿^(guò)不要對(duì)它們太死板，我是說(shuō)這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實(shí)際生活根本沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系?！薄敖^對(duì)判斷，”她說(shuō)道，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行?！蔽乙幌绿似饋?lái)，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”“我不愿意，”她答道?！盀槭裁?？”我追問(wèn)道?！拔覍?duì)另一位求愛(ài)者更感興趣羅伯和我重歸于好了?！蔽覙O力地保持著平靜，說(shuō)道：“你怎么會(huì)甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個(gè)聰明過(guò)人的學(xué)生，一個(gè)不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個(gè)前途無(wú)量的人。32 “錯(cuò)誤類比，”波莉立即回應(yīng)?！澳愕那疤崾羌s會(huì)就如同吃東西?？赡悴皇堑案?，你是個(gè)男孩?！?3 我又笑了笑，不過(guò)不覺(jué)得那么有趣了，同時(shí)還不能表

27、露出我害怕她學(xué)得太好了。 再錯(cuò)幾步我可就無(wú)法挽回了。 我決定改變策略，轉(zhuǎn)而嘗試奉承她的辦法。 34 “波莉，我愛(ài)你。請(qǐng)答應(yīng)做我的女朋友，沒(méi)有你我什么也不是?！?5 “文不對(duì)題，”她說(shuō)。36 “你還真是能在遇到邏輯謬誤時(shí)一一辨別它們了，” 我說(shuō)，心里的希望已經(jīng)開(kāi)始動(dòng)搖。 “不過(guò)不要對(duì)它們太死板，我是說(shuō)這都是些學(xué)術(shù)的東西。你知道，學(xué)校里學(xué)的東西和實(shí)際生活根本沒(méi)有什么聯(lián)系?！?7 “絕對(duì)判斷，”她說(shuō)道，“而且，你自己教的東西應(yīng)該自己身體力行?！?38 我一下跳了起來(lái)，怒火中燒，“你到底愿不愿意做我的女朋友？”39 “我不愿意，”她答道。40 “為什么？”我追問(wèn)道。41 “我對(duì)另一位求愛(ài)者更感興趣羅伯

28、和我重歸于好了?！?2 我極力地保持著平靜，說(shuō)道：“你怎么會(huì)甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個(gè)聰明過(guò)人的學(xué)生，一個(gè)不同凡響的學(xué)者，一個(gè)前途無(wú)量的人。再看看羅伯，一個(gè)肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的蠢材，一個(gè)有了上頓沒(méi)下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個(gè)充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”43 “喔，這是什么假設(shè)??！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說(shuō)吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”再看看羅伯，一個(gè)肌肉發(fā)達(dá)的蠢材，一個(gè)有了上頓沒(méi)下頓的家伙。你是否能給我一個(gè)充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？”43 “喔，這是什么假設(shè)??！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明

29、白，我這么說(shuō)吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。是我讓他同意你們的協(xié)議的，這樣他就能擁有你的夾克！”Unit 2The confusing pursuit of beautyIf you're a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.You must be careful how you answer this question. The best technique is to form an honest yet sensitive response, then promptly

30、 excuse yourself for some kind of emergency. Trust me, this is the easiest way out. No amount of rehearsal will help you come up with the right answer.The problem is that men do not think of their looks in the same way women do. Most men form an opinion of themselves in seventh grade and stick to it

31、 for the rest of their lives. Some men think they're irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.Most men, I believe, are not arrogant about their looks. If the transient thought passes through their minds at

32、 all, they like to think of themselves as average-looking. Being average doesn't bother them; average is fine. They don't affix much value to their looks, or think of them in terms of aesthetics. Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, which is essentially the same care the

33、y give to their lawns. If, at the end of his four-minute allotment of time for grooming, a man has managed to wipe most of the shaving cream out of the strands of his hair and isn't bleeding too badly, he feels he's done all he can.Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess

34、what most women think about their appearance, it would be: "Not good enough." No matter how attractive a woman may be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She has trouble thinking I'm beautiful, She magnifies the smallest imperfections in her body and imagines

35、 them as glaring flaws the whole world will notice and ridicule.令人困惑的對(duì)美的追求如果你是一位男士，肯定在某個(gè)時(shí)候會(huì)有女士問(wèn)你她看起來(lái)怎么樣。對(duì)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你一定得小心。最好的對(duì)策就是給一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)但又謹(jǐn)慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。相信我，這是最簡(jiǎn)單的方法。對(duì)于她的這一問(wèn)題，無(wú)論你事先練習(xí)多少次，都不會(huì)找到正確答案。其原因是，男性和女性對(duì)外表的看法截然不同。大多數(shù)男性對(duì)自己外表的評(píng)價(jià)在七年級(jí)時(shí)就形成了，而且終生不變。有些男性認(rèn)為自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們頭發(fā)掉光了，臉上布滿皺紋，他們?nèi)匀痪芙^改變這種

36、看法。我相信，大多數(shù)男性都不會(huì)對(duì)自己的相貌感到過(guò)分自傲。如果他們偶爾想到自己外表的話，他們?cè)敢庹J(rèn)為自己樣貌中等。長(zhǎng)相普通不會(huì)使他們有任何煩惱，因?yàn)槠胀ň鸵呀?jīng)是很好了。男性不是特別注重自己的外貌，也不會(huì)從美學(xué)的角度去審視自己。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。對(duì)于一位男性來(lái)說(shuō)，如果能花四分鐘刮刮胡子，結(jié)束之后再把粘到頭發(fā)上的剃須膏擦凈，又沒(méi)有出血太厲害，他就覺(jué)得自己已經(jīng)盡心盡力了。女性可不是這樣看待自己的。如果非要我猜測(cè)大多數(shù)女性對(duì)自己的相貌是如何評(píng)價(jià)的話，那肯定是：“還不夠好?！币晃慌?，無(wú)論她看起來(lái)多么吸引人，她對(duì)自己的看法總是由于受美容業(yè)的影響而蒙著一層陰影。要她認(rèn)為“

37、我很漂亮”是一件難事。她把身體上的極小的不完美之處加以放大，并且幻想這些缺點(diǎn)十分明顯，以至于全世界的人都會(huì)注意到并且嘲笑她。Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isn't inborn, but created through the interaction of many complex psychological and societal factors, beginning with the dolls we give them as children. Girls gro

38、w up playing with dolls proportioned so that, if they were human, they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thighs and a large upper body. This is an absurd standard to live up to, especially when you consider the size of the doll's waist, a relative measurement physically imp

39、ossible for a living human to achieve. Contrast this absurd standard with that presented to little boys with their "action figures". Most of the toys that young boys have played with were weird-looking, like the one called Buzz-Off that was part human, part flying insect. This guy was not

40、a looker, but he was still extremely self-confident. You could not imagine him saying to the others, "Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?"But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers, which for most women is impossible.

41、 Nonetheless, the multibillion-dollar beauty industry, complete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on female self-esteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams, bronzing powders and appliances that promise to "stimulate and r

42、estore" their skin. I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience. Cindy had all these middle-aged women apply clay masks and other "wrinkle-removing" products to their faces; she stressed how important it was to adhere to the

43、 guidelines, like applying products via the tips of their fingers to protect elasticity. All the women dutifully did this, even though it was obvious to any rational observer that, no matter how carefully they applied these products, they would never have Cindy Crawford's face or complexion.為什么女

44、性會(huì)把自己的外貌想得這么差呢？這種長(zhǎng)期的不安全感并不是與生倶來(lái)的，而是由許多復(fù)雜的心理和社會(huì)因素的相互作用造成的，從小時(shí)候大人們給她們買(mǎi)洋娃娃時(shí)就開(kāi)始了。女孩成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中擺弄的洋娃娃，如果按照身材比例還原為真人大小的話，就會(huì)是 7 英尺高，61 英磅重，大腿纖細(xì)，上身豐滿。要達(dá)到這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很荒唐的，尤其是當(dāng)我們想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對(duì)尺寸對(duì)任何一個(gè)活人來(lái)說(shuō)都是不可企及的。與女孩玩具的這種荒唐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，小男孩們得到的“動(dòng)作玩偶”卻是完全不同的模樣。大多數(shù)男孩的玩具都樣貌古怪，例如那個(gè)叫作“蜜蜂俠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會(huì)飛的昆蟲(chóng)。這個(gè)玩偶盡管樣子不好看，但仍然非常自信。你肯定無(wú)法

45、想象他會(huì)問(wèn)別人說(shuō)：“這個(gè)配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”然而，女性在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中卻認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該長(zhǎng)得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對(duì)大多數(shù)女性來(lái)說(shuō)是不可能的。盡管如此，產(chǎn)值達(dá)幾十億美元的美容業(yè)，在超市化妝品銷售專區(qū)的配合下，總是在不停地攻擊著女性的自尊，使其相信自己只有購(gòu)買(mǎi)最新的保濕面霜、古銅散粉，以及各種美容器具，才能“激發(fā)和恢復(fù)”肌膚活力。我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)一期奧普拉脫口秀，在節(jié)目中，超級(jí)名模辛迪克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。辛迪要求這些中年婦女在臉上敷上黏土面膜和其他去皺產(chǎn)品；她還強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要遵守這些方法，例如：往臉上涂抹這些產(chǎn)品時(shí)，要用指尖，這樣可以保護(hù)皮膚的彈性。所有這些婦女

46、都非常忠實(shí)地按照辛迪說(shuō)的做了?？墒菍?duì)任何一個(gè)理智的旁觀者來(lái)說(shuō)，無(wú)論她們?nèi)绾握J(rèn)真地使用這些產(chǎn)品，她們都不可能擁有辛迪那樣的面容或膚色。I'm not saying that men are superior. I'm just saying that you're not going to get a group of middle-aged men to plaster cosmetics to themselves under the instruction of Brad Pitt in hopes of looking more like him. Men don

47、't face the same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they're encouraged to reach out to other characteristics to promote their self-esteem. They might say to Brad: "Oh yeah? Well, what do you know about lawn care, pretty boy?"Of course women argue that they become obsesse

48、d with appearance as a reaction to pressure from men. The truth is that most men think beauty is more than just lipstick and perfume and take no notice of these extra details. I have never once, in more than 40 years of listening to men talk about women, heard a man say, "She had gorgeous finge

49、rnails!" To most men, little things like fingernails are all homogeneous anyway, and one woman's flawless pink polish is exactly as invisible as another's bare nails.By participating in this system of extreme conformity, women are actually opening themselves up to the scrutiny of other

50、women, the only ones qualified to judge their efforts. What is the real benefit of working this hard to appease men who don't notice when it only exposes women to prosecution from other women?Anyway, to get back to my original point: If you're a man, and a woman asks you how she looks, you c

51、an't say she looks bad without receiving immediate and well-deserved outrage. But you also can't shower her with empty compliments about how her shoes complement her dress nicely because she'll know you're lying. She has spent countless hours worrying about the differences between he

52、r looks and Cindy Crawford's. Also,she suspects that you're not qualified to voice a subjective opinion on anybody's appearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.我并不是說(shuō)男性優(yōu)于女性。我的意思是你不可能讓一群中年男子在布拉德皮特的指導(dǎo)下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來(lái)更像布拉德。與女性不同，

53、男性的外貌美不是社會(huì)所關(guān)注的唯一焦點(diǎn)。人們會(huì)鼓勵(lì)男性借助其他特征來(lái)提升自尊。他們也許會(huì)對(duì)布拉德說(shuō)：“是嗎？那么帥哥，你對(duì)草坪維護(hù)又知道多少？”當(dāng)然，女性會(huì)爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)她們對(duì)外表的熱衷追求是出于對(duì)來(lái)自男性的壓力的一種反應(yīng)。而事實(shí)是，大多數(shù)男性認(rèn)為美麗不僅僅來(lái)自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會(huì)去注意這些額外的細(xì)節(jié)。四十多年來(lái)，我在聽(tīng)男性談?wù)撆詴r(shí)，從來(lái)沒(méi)有一次聽(tīng)到過(guò)哪位男性這樣說(shuō)：“她的指甲真漂亮??！”對(duì)大多數(shù)男性來(lái)說(shuō)，像指甲這樣小的東西看起來(lái)都一樣，無(wú)論一個(gè)女士的指甲是用粉色指甲油涂得完美無(wú)瑕，還是光光的毫無(wú)修飾，男性都一概視而不見(jiàn)。女性參與這種極端的從眾行為，實(shí)際上是把自己置于其他女性的審視之下，因?yàn)橹?/p>

54、有那些女性才有資格評(píng)價(jià)她們所付出的努力。但是，如此費(fèi)力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會(huì)注意，同時(shí)又只是招致其他女性的指責(zé)，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當(dāng)有女士問(wèn)你她看起來(lái)怎么樣時(shí)，你千萬(wàn)不能說(shuō)她看起來(lái)很糟糕，那樣肯定會(huì)使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。但是，你也不能慷慨地大放空洞之詞，贊美她的鞋子和裙子是多么相配，因?yàn)樗滥闶窃谡f(shuō)謊。她已經(jīng)花費(fèi)了無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)發(fā)愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪克勞馥的一樣。而且，也許因?yàn)槟愕念^發(fā)和耳廓上粘著剃須膏，她會(huì)懷疑你根本沒(méi)有資格對(duì)任何人的外表給出主觀評(píng)價(jià)。Unit 3Fred Smith and Fed

55、Ex: The vision that changed the worldEvery night several hundred planes bearing a purple, white, and orange design touch down at Memphis Airport, in Tennessee. What prece

56、des this landing are package pickups from locations all over the United States earlier in the day. Crews unload the planes' cargo of more than half a million

57、0;parcels and letters. The rectangular packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address, then loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their desti

58、nations to be dispersed by hand - many within 24 hours of leaving their senders. This is the culmination of a dream of Frederick W. Smith, the founder, presiden

59、t, chief executive officer, and chairman of the board of the FedEx Corp. - known originally as Federal Express - the largest and most successful overnight delivery s

60、ervice in the world. Conceived when he was in college and now in its 28th year of operation, Smith's exquisite brainchild has become the standard for door-to-door

61、0;package delivery.Recognized as an outstanding entrepreneur with an agreeable and winning personality, Smith is held in high regard by his competitors as well as his employee

62、s and stockholders. Fred Smith was just 27 when he founded FedEx. Now, so many years later, he's still the "captain of the ship". He attributes the suc

63、cess the company simply to leadership, something he deduced from his years in the military, and from his family.Frederick Wallace Smith was born into a wealthy family

64、0;clan on August 11, 1944 in Mississippi. His father died when he was just four years old. As a juvenile, Smith was an invalid, suffering from a disease that

65、60;left him unable to walk normally. He was picked on by bullies, and he learned to defend himself by swinging at them with his alloy walking stick. Cured of

66、60;the disease by the age of 10, he became a star athlete in high school, playing football, basketball, and baseball.弗雷德·史密斯與聯(lián)邦快遞：一個(gè)改變了世界的創(chuàng)想每天夜晚，在田納西州的孟菲斯機(jī)場(chǎng)，都有幾百架帶著白、紫、桔色圖案的飛機(jī)降落。而在每天此前的早些時(shí)候，這些飛機(jī)都在美國(guó)各地收集包裹。工作人員從飛機(jī)上卸下的包裹及信件數(shù)量超過(guò)五十萬(wàn)之巨。長(zhǎng)方形的包裹和信封又在這里依據(jù)收件地址被迅速整理分揀，然后裝載上其他飛機(jī)，飛往各自的目的地，在那兒再由人工投遞到這時(shí)很多郵件離開(kāi)寄件人之手還不到 24 小時(shí)。這是弗雷德里克·W·史密斯的終極夢(mèng)想，他就是聯(lián)邦快遞集團(tuán)（最初為聯(lián)邦快遞）這一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送達(dá)服務(wù)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人、總裁、首席執(zhí)行官及董事會(huì)主席。如今，史密斯這一源于大學(xué)時(shí)