英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試卷精粹（10套題）

1、第一部分 選擇題 I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay

2、 down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongu D、 vocal cords 3、The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n) _. A

3、、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme 4、A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C、 preposition D、 subordinator 5、Can I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike. A、 is synonymous with B、 i

4、s inconsistent with C、 entails D、 presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C、 sociolinguistics D、 psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, wh

5、ich are _ or generalization. A、 elaboration B、 simplification C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing 8、_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、 Lingua franca B、 Creole C、 Pidgin D、 Standard language 9、Psych

6、ologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, _ . A、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrus B、 Brocas area, Wernickes area a

7、nd cerebral cortex C、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and neurons D、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10、According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、 learning B、 competenc

8、e C、 performanc D、 acquisition第二部分 非選擇題 II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. 11、Chomsky defines compet

9、ence as the ideal users kof the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b . 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A sis a structurally independent unit t

10、hat usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to somethings being the case, to the truth of what has been sai

11、d. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d the form of be. 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period

12、from about age two to puberty, which is called the period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, iis a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the lea

13、rner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%10=20%) 21， In modern linguistic s

14、tudies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning

15、 of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itse

16、lf, for example, within British English or American English.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today al

17、so includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All

18、 normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphological rules 35、phrase structure rule 36、relational opposites

19、 37、componential analysis 38、context 39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a sec

20、ond language.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題（2）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的序號(hào)填在題干的括號(hào)內(nèi)。每小題2分，共1.The pair of words “l(fā)end”and “borrow”are _.( ) A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A.Jacob G

21、rimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly

22、 inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “l(fā)ight”.This shows: .( ) A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue int

23、erference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds6.A word with several meanings is called _word.( ) A.a polysemous B.a synonymous C.an abnormal D.a multiple7.The function of the sentence “A

24、 nice day, isnt it?”is _.( ) A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.( ) A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geographica

25、l space.( ) A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as _.( ) A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult二、填空題(每空1分，共10分)11.

26、A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command.12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_.13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situ

27、ation of communication,or simply in a context.14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently.15.Consonant sounds can be either v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_.三、判斷說(shuō)明題(判斷下列各小題，正確的在題后括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)“T”，錯(cuò)的寫(xiě)“F”，并說(shuō)明理由。每小題2分，共20分)16.All words may be said to contai

28、n a root morpheme.( )17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( )18.Linguistics is the course of language.( )19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( )20.Historical linguistics equa

29、ls to the study of synchronic study.( )21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( )22.Morphology is translated as 形態(tài)學(xué)。( )23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( )24.The smallest meaningful u

30、nit of language is allomorph.( )25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( )四、名詞解釋(每小題3分，共30分)26.general linguistics 27.suprasegmental features 28.root and stem 29.hierarchical structure 30.naming theory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending 33.sociolect 34.subvocal

31、speech 35.contrastive analysis五、論述題(每小題10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (3)They were surprised at t

32、he presidents appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題（3）第一部分 選擇題.Directions:Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and pu

33、t the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.(2%10=20%)1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is _. A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary C. logical D.non-productive2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounde

34、d, EXCEPT _.3.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the _. A.phrase structure B.surface structure C.syntactic structure D.deep structure4.The theory of _ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. A.

35、Case Condition B.Adjacent Condition C.parameter D.Adjacent parameters5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _. A.polysemy B.hyponymy C.antonymy D.homonymy6.The utterance Were already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week.obviously violates the maxim of

36、_. A.quality B.quantityC.relation D.manner7.In first language acquisition children usually _ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear. A.use B.accept C.generalize D.reconstruct8.Standardization known as _ is necessary in order to facilitate communications. A.language interpretatio

37、n B.language identification C.language choice D.language planning9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition?_. A.Cerebral cortex B.Neurons C.Eyes D.Angular gyrus10.Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the childrens

38、 telegraphic speech stage. A.the copula verb be B.inflectional morphemes C.function words D.content words第二部分 非選擇題.Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word,the first letter of which is already given as a clue.Note that you are to fill in ONE word only,and you ar

39、e not allowed to change the letter given.(1%10=10%)11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language.12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets wit

40、h any _o_ when a sound is produced.13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes.14.XP may contain more than just X.For example,the NP the boy who likes his puppy consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s_,N t

41、he head and S the complement.15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,to suggest that someone should see the doctor should fall into the category of _d_.16.Hyponymy is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meani

42、ng is called _s_.17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another.18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrenc

43、e of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group.19.The brain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, one on the right and one on the left.20.Linguists ofte

44、n use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of ea

45、ch statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version.(2%10=20%)21.( )Human capacity for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.2

46、2.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.24.( )Sentences are no

47、t formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, female occurs only in nouns such as mother, woman girl tigress and so on but

48、not in other parts of speech.26.( )According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word;

49、 that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken assumption that the -er was the agentive suffix.28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables.29

50、.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of an average human degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop.30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual

51、 performance.Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration.(3%10=30%)31.narrow transcription 32.stem 33.derivational affixes 34.grammatical relation 35.predication 36.semantic narrowing 37.nonstandard languages 38.linguistic taboo 39.angular gyrus 40.interlangua

52、ge.Answer the following questions.(10%2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題（5）一、單項(xiàng)選擇題(在每小題的四個(gè)備選答案中，選出一個(gè)正確答案，并將正確答案的序號(hào)填在題干的括號(hào)內(nèi)。每小題2分，共1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a ( ) study.A. comparat

53、ive B. diachronic C. up-to-date D. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is ( ) phonetics.A. auditory B. acoustic C. articulatory D. none of the above three3. What the element -es indicates is third person singular, p

54、resent tense, the element -ed past tense, and -ing progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also ( ).A. phonemes B. morphemes C. allophones D. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal gra