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1、口腔醫(yī)務(wù)英語(yǔ) 65 句(專(zhuān)業(yè)版)兒童齲?。≒aediatric Cariology) 1 Young child with carious upper incisors and an abscess on tooth 61. 上切牙齲壞,伴61牙槽膿腫的患兒。 2 Primary teeth act as a natural
2、space maintainer for permanent teeth 乳牙就像一個(gè)天然間隙保持器,為恒牙的萌出保持間隙。 3 Dental care is needed as soon as first teeth erupt. 第一顆牙齒一萌出就有必要進(jìn)行口腔保健。 4 Zones of the caries
3、0;in dentine can be thought of from a histological and biological viewpoint.Zone 1- Sclerosis Zone 2-emineralisation Zone 3-Bacterial invasion
4、; Zone 4-Destruction 從組織學(xué)和生物學(xué)的角度觀察牙本質(zhì)齲的分層結(jié)構(gòu)。第一層-硬化層 第二層-脫礦層 第三層-細(xì)菌侵入層 第四層-壞死崩解層 5 Visual inspection is the foundation of caries diagnosis. 視診是診斷齲齒的基礎(chǔ)。 6
5、0;Probes do not improve the validity of occlusal caries diagnosis. 探針并不能提高頜面齲壞診斷的準(zhǔn)確性。 7 Fluoride gives greatest protection to smooth surfaces. 氟化物對(duì)光滑面的保護(hù)作用最強(qiáng)。 8 Floss&
6、#160;fluoride varnish thouggh the inter-proximal contacts with care. 小心地用牙線將氟保護(hù)漆涂布在鄰面接觸區(qū)。 9 Fissure sealants are a key component of the prevention tool kit in high caries r
7、isk children. 在齲齒高危兒童,窩溝封閉是預(yù)防保健系列方法中關(guān)鍵的一項(xiàng)。 10 The chemo- mechanical removal of caries:They contain two gels,which are mixed together to provide the
8、0;active agent th at separates carious from sound dentine. 化學(xué)-機(jī)械去腐:它含有兩種凝膠,混合后產(chǎn)生活性物質(zhì),可將腐質(zhì)從健康的牙本質(zhì)上 分離。 口腔局部麻醉(Dental Local Anaesthesia) 1 Anaesthesia is defined as a loss of&
9、#160;sensation in a circumscribed area of the body by a depression of excitation in nerve endings or an inhibition of the conduction process in peripheral nerves.
10、 麻醉就是通過(guò)降低神經(jīng)末梢的興奮性或者抑制外周神經(jīng)的沖動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程,從而使身體一定區(qū)域的感覺(jué)喪失。 2 The branches of the maxillary/mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve that are important in dental local anaesthesia. 三叉神經(jīng)的上頜支/下頜支在
11、口腔局部麻醉中具有重要作用。 3 Dental injection systems comprise of three basic components:needles,cartridges,syringes. 口腔科注射裝置包括三個(gè)基本組成部分:針頭,安瓶,注射器。 4 Infiltration anaesthesia is achieved when solution is
12、;deposited supraperiosteally at the buccal side of the alveolus. 麻醉藥物在頰側(cè)牙槽骨的骨膜上沉積后產(chǎn)生浸潤(rùn)麻醉。 5 The intraligamentary injection can be given via the interdental papilla.This reduces the bacterae
13、mia produced by this type of injection when compared to the approach via the gingival sulcus. 可以通過(guò)牙齦乳頭注射進(jìn)行牙周膜麻醉,這比齦溝注射發(fā)生菌血癥的危險(xiǎn)小。 6 An illustration of how easy it is t
14、o overdose if a direct intravascular injection is administered in a child. 在兒童體內(nèi),直接將麻醉藥物注入血管內(nèi)極易導(dǎo)致藥物過(guò)量。 7 Fainting may occur before,during or after local anaesthetic administrat
15、ion.The patient develops pallor,may sweat and complain of nausea.They may experience tingling in the extremities and ultimately lose consciousness. 暈厥可發(fā)生于局部麻醉用藥前,用藥過(guò)程中以及用藥之后?;颊呖沙霈F(xiàn)面色蒼白,出汗,惡心,四肢
16、麻木,甚至意識(shí)喪失。 8 Bleeding may occur at the site of mucosal penetration when the needle is removed. 注射器取出時(shí)可能會(huì)在黏膜穿刺部位發(fā)生出血。 9 There is no evidence that topical anaesthetics
17、 produce any relief of discomfort prior to deep regional block injections. 沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示進(jìn)行深部阻滯麻醉前使用表面麻醉可以減輕穿刺的不適。 10 Dentists can influence a number of factors governing injection discomfort.Caref
18、ul choice of equipment and technique can reduce injection discomfort. 口腔醫(yī)生能夠控制很多與注射疼痛有關(guān)的因素。仔細(xì)選擇麻醉器械和技術(shù)能夠緩解注射疼痛。 根管治療學(xué)(Rational root canal treatment) 1 Endodontics is the branch of clinical dentistry&
19、#160;concerned with the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp and their sequela. 牙髓病學(xué)是臨床口腔醫(yī)學(xué)的分支學(xué)科,涉及到牙髓病及其并發(fā)癥的預(yù)防,診斷和治療 2 Early root canal treatment of
20、60;a tooth with a dying pulp relieves pain and prevents apical periodontitis from developing. 早期進(jìn)行根管治療的死髓牙可以減輕疼痛并防止根尖周炎的擴(kuò)散。 3 Frank exposure of the pulp,or via porous dent
21、ine leaves it vulnerable to chemical,physical and above all,micro-bial injury. 直接暴露或通過(guò)牙本質(zhì)小管間接暴露的牙髓,易受到化學(xué),物理因素的刺激,特別是細(xì)菌的損害。 4 Many patients requiring root canal treatment first present wi
22、th symptoms of pulp or periapical inflammation requiring diagnosis and immediate management. 很多需做根管治療的患者在初診時(shí)首先表現(xiàn)為牙髓炎或根尖周炎的癥狀,因此需要作出明確的診斷和應(yīng)急處理。 5 Unlike an inflamed finger,the location and
23、0;condition of a symptomatic pulp can not be diagnosed by direct visual inspection. 和手指上的炎癥不同,牙髓炎的患牙定位和病變情況不能通過(guò)直接的失真而獲得。 6 Teeth with enamel-dentine cracks and symptomatic pulpitis&
24、#160;are often particularly challenging to diagnose. 隱裂牙出現(xiàn)的牙髓炎通常是難于診斷的。 7 Acute exacerbation of a long-standing,silent lesion present on a repeatedly restored and crowned tooth.
25、60; 在多次修復(fù)病史的患牙,長(zhǎng)期慢性病變急性發(fā)作。 8 Patients should not be made promises before teeth have been properly explored and facts are known.Often that is more than just a thorough
26、160;clinical and radiographic examination. 在沒(méi)有進(jìn)行全面的臨床檢查和放射線檢查之前,如果不了解牙齒的真實(shí)狀況,不要給患者任何承諾。 9 The dangers of wedging forces in a weakened posterior tooth. 楔形力量可使脆弱的后牙發(fā)生折裂。 10 However
27、0;it is secured,the critical issue is that the dam seals.If there is any sign of fluid entry,or even if there is not,a proprietary rubber dam caulking paste.
28、 盡管非常安全,橡皮障最大的問(wèn)題仍是它的密閉性。無(wú)論有無(wú)液體進(jìn)入的跡象,都應(yīng)將橡皮障封閉劑用于牙齒的周?chē)?11 Fully unroof the chamber to clean infected and decomposing tissue from all of its pulp horns and ramifications. 完全揭開(kāi)髓室頂,去除髓角和根管分支內(nèi)所有感染和壞
29、死分解的牙髓組織。 12 Hang-up of a file giving the illusion of apical obstruction.Opening the canal coronally allows the file to drop deeper. 銼卡住易誤認(rèn)為是根尖阻塞。根管冠方的敞開(kāi)可使銼進(jìn)入更深。 13 Watch-winding walks
30、;a small file into the canal.If the instrument feels tight,gently pull to remove dentine,free the instrument and allow the entry of more lubricant. 使用小號(hào)銼采用“捻”的方法進(jìn)入根管。假如感覺(jué)器械很緊,應(yīng)將其輕輕退出,并使用潤(rùn)滑劑潤(rùn)
31、滑根管。 14 Small file smoothly curved in its apical 2-3mm to negotiate an apical curve.Directional rubber stops can be helpful. 將小號(hào)銼尖端的2-3mm進(jìn)行預(yù)彎來(lái)適應(yīng)根尖的彎曲。橡皮定向片有助于定向。 15 Most
32、technique now open the coronal third of the canal before working deeper,and many prepare entirely from crown to apex. 現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的技術(shù)都是在深入預(yù)備前先預(yù)備根管的冠三分之一,許多方法則完全是從冠方至根尖預(yù)備。 16 Customising gutta perc
33、ha cone tip diameter with a gauge and scalpel. 用錐度測(cè)量尺和銳利的手術(shù)刀使主牙膠尖尖端的直徑達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。 17 Cold lateral condensation:Sliding the master cone home lightly coated with sealer,Spreader application,loaded
34、;vertically with 1-3KG force.The spreader remains in place for ten seconds before watch-winding,withdrawal and insertion of an accessory cone. 冷側(cè)壓充填:將涂布封閉劑的主尖輕輕送入根管直至根尖基點(diǎn),使用側(cè)壓器在1-3KG的壓力下垂直加壓,并保持10S,退出側(cè)壓器后加入副尖。
35、18 It is therefore rational to work harder to imprison bacteria remaining in canal ramifications by thermally softening gutta percha to improve its flow. 通過(guò)加熱軟化牙膠來(lái)增加流動(dòng)性,從而將細(xì)菌局限在根管
36、分支內(nèi)十分重要。 19 Root canal treatment is effective in preventing and healing apical periodontitis,with success often quoted as 90%. 根管治療對(duì)于預(yù)防和治愈根尖周炎癥十分有效,成功率高達(dá)90% 20 The preoperative state,the t
37、reatment provided,and the management of the tooth after treatment,can seriously influence prognosis. 術(shù)前狀態(tài),醫(yī)師所提供的治療和術(shù)后對(duì)牙齒的處理都會(huì)對(duì)愈合產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。 美容口腔醫(yī)學(xué)(Aesthetic Dentistry) 1 A practitioner must be familiar with th
38、e dimensions of a smile,to include consideration of the following:tooth size,the golden proportion,black triangles,lip line,masking gingival tissues,moral issues. 從業(yè)醫(yī)師必須熟悉和微笑有關(guān)的各種因素,包括:牙齒大小,黃金比例,牙齦位置,黑三角,唇線,牙齦組織覆蓋,醫(yī)
39、學(xué)道德問(wèn)題。 2 Colour can be described as having three components-hue,chroma and value. 顏色可以用色相,色度,明度三個(gè)元素來(lái)描述。 3 The guide is divided into reddish brown(A),reddish yellow(B),grey(C)and reddish grey(D)&
40、#160;shades. (經(jīng)典VITA16色)比色板分為紅棕色(A),紅黃色(B),灰色(C)和紅灰色(D)。 4 In-surgery techniques use concentrated carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide,which have a potential to burn the soft tissues if cont
41、act occurs. 診室漂白法使用高濃度的過(guò)氧化脲或過(guò)氧化氫,它們接觸軟組織,就可能灼傷。 5 Discoloured teeth with mottling,after a combination of microabrasion and tooth whitening. 有斑點(diǎn)的變色牙,經(jīng)過(guò)微打磨和牙齒美白(療效較好)。 6 Teeth suitable for direct
42、60;build-up with composite resin featuring caries and tooth wear. 齲壞且牙體磨損的牙齒適合直接復(fù)合樹(shù)脂修復(fù)。 7 Plan the shape and colour of the restoration,possibly with a diagnostic wax-up. 設(shè)計(jì)修復(fù)體的
43、形狀和顏色,可能用到診斷蠟型。 8 Marked increase in bond strength to enamel when compared with nonpreparation. 與不制備相比較,貼面與釉質(zhì)的粘結(jié)力顯著提高。 9 Adjust fitting surfaces and proximal contacts of veneers
44、0;one by one as required.Avoid excessive insertion forces,as this will fracture the restoration. 按要求一個(gè)一個(gè)地調(diào)整貼面的組織面和鄰接區(qū)。避免暴力就位,以免造成修復(fù)體的碎裂。 10 Teeth have a number of naturally occurring anato
45、mical planes.these can be divided on the labial surface into a cervical/gingival,mid-labial and incisal. 牙齒上有許多天然的解剖平面,他們?cè)诖絺?cè)把牙齒分成頸部(齦部),中部和切端三部分。 實(shí)用口腔種植(Implantology in General Dental Practice) 1
46、160; Osseointegration heralded a fundamental scientific shift in thinking,previous implants having tended to develop a fibrous attachment that could serve the same purpose as the
47、160;periodontal ligament. 骨結(jié)合理論從根本上改變了以往的理論,曾試圖使植體與骨面之間形成纖維附著,形式牙周膜的功能(被證明是錯(cuò)誤的)。 2 Most contemporary dental implants are made of commercially pure titanium,which has ben shown to have excellent
48、0;biocompatibility. 絕大多數(shù)的種植體由商業(yè)用純鈦制成,有非常好的生物相容性。 3 Sand-blasting and acid-etching-sand-blasting followed by acid-etching to substantially increase surface area. 噴砂加酸蝕-噴砂后再進(jìn)行酸蝕處理,可以顯著增加種植體的表面積。 4 The initial
49、;stability can be quantified using resonance frequency analysis(RFA),which is a noninvasive method to evaluate implants stability. 共振頻譜分析儀可以用來(lái)定量評(píng)估種植體的初期穩(wěn)定性,這是一種非侵入式的判斷方法。 5 CT cross-section of
50、mandible showing virtual implant in position and highlighted inferior dental canal. 下頜CT斷層片示虛擬種植體的位置,下牙槽神經(jīng)管的位置重點(diǎn)標(biāo)出。 6 The planned number and positioning of implants is determined by&
51、#160;the proposed restoration,the quantity and quality of the available bone and the loads to which the restoration will be subjected. 種植體的數(shù)量和位置是由最終的修復(fù)體,骨組織的質(zhì)和量以及將要承擔(dān)的負(fù)荷決定的。 7 Using a
52、 straight probe to measure thickness of soft tissue-ridge mapping. 用探針測(cè)量軟組織厚度,繪制骨地圖。 8 This typically involves a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap,exposing the bone of the proposed
53、160;implant site and,as necessary,adjacent anatomical structures. 典型的切口設(shè)計(jì)包括全厚的粘骨膜瓣,充分顯露預(yù)備種植的部位,必要時(shí)要?jiǎng)冸x顯露相鄰的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)。 9 Bone preparation is carried out using drills of increasing diameter that gradually w
54、iden the site concentrically.Profuse irrigation is essential. 種植窩的預(yù)備要嚴(yán)格遵從序列備洞的原則,并同時(shí)使用大量的鹽水冷卻。 10 Immediate placement of an implant into an extraction socket.No flap has been raised to pres
55、erve the papillae-this is only indicated in selected cases. 左上側(cè)切牙拔出后即刻種植,為保存牙間乳頭沒(méi)有翻瓣,但必須嚴(yán)格掌握這種操作的適應(yīng)癥。 11 The exact positioning of the implant in three dimensions is paramount for the e
56、ase and success of the prosthetic stages. 在三維方向上準(zhǔn)確植入種植體,對(duì)于成功的種植修復(fù)至關(guān)重要。 12 The gold standard for augmentation technique is the use of the patients own bone. 骨增量技術(shù)的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是使用患者的自體骨。
57、13 Immediate loading is possible in the mandible but is associated with greater risk of failure elsewhere in the mouth. 下頜骨種植即刻負(fù)重效果肯定,但是上頜的即刻負(fù)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大。 14 The more common,relatively
58、 minor complications following surgery include swelling,bruising and discomfort. 常見(jiàn)的比較輕微的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥有水腫,淤血和不適。 15 In the two-stage surgical technique,breakdown of the soft tissue following implant
59、60;placement may lead to the exposure of the implant and cover screw. 對(duì)于埋入式的種植手術(shù)來(lái)說(shuō),種植體植入后軟組織裂開(kāi)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致種植體愈合帽的暴露。 另附常用的詞匯表,順序沒(méi)整理,大家湊合看吧,希望大家多補(bǔ)充。 alveolar bone 牙槽骨 carcinoma of maxillary sinus 上頜竇癌 carcinoma&
60、#160;of tongue 舌癌 cellulitis of the floor of the mouth 口底蜂窩織炎 cementum 牙骨質(zhì) dental arch 牙弓 dental crown 牙冠 dental defect 牙體缺損 dental necrosis 牙壞死 dental sac 牙囊 dentin 牙本質(zhì) enamel 牙釉質(zhì) endodonti
61、cs 牙體牙髓病學(xué) extraction 拔牙術(shù) fascial space infection 間隙感染 fluoride 氟化物 fracture of maxillary 上頜骨骨折 gum, gingiva 牙齦 herpetic stomatitis 皰疹性口炎 infraorbital space 眶下間隙 jaw 頜骨 leukoplakia 白斑 lichen planus 扁平苔蘚 loc
62、al anesthesia 局麻 mucous cyst 粘液囊腫 odontoclasis 牙折 ora candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病 oral hygiene 口腔衛(wèi)生 oral pathology 口腔病理學(xué) oral surgery 口腔外科 orthodontics 正畸學(xué) osteomyelitis of the jaws 頜骨骨髓炎 pediatric dentistry 口
63、腔兒科學(xué) periodontal ligament 牙周韌帶 periodontal membrane 牙周膜 periodontics 牙周病學(xué) prosthodontics 修復(fù)學(xué) pterygomandibular space 翼頜間隙 public-health dentistry 口腔預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué) pulp 牙髓 pulp exposure 牙髓暴露 pulpectomy 牙骨摘除術(shù) pulpitis 牙髓炎 pyogenic o
64、steomyelitis 化膿性骨髓炎 radiation osteomyelitis 放射性骨髓炎 radicular syst 根端囊腫 recurrent aphthae 復(fù)發(fā)性口瘡 root canal therapy 根管治療 root of tooth 牙根 sublingual gland syst 舌下腺囊腫 sublingual space 舌下間隙 submasseteric space
65、 嚼肌間隙 submaxillary space 頜下間隙 tartar 牙石 temporomandibular joint 顳頜關(guān)節(jié) thrush 鵝口瘡 tooth decay 齲齒 tooth replantation 牙再植術(shù) torsion of teeth 牙扭轉(zhuǎn) alveolar abscess 牙槽膿腫 ameloblastoma 造釉細(xì)胞瘤 apical infection 根尖感染 a
66、pical syst 根尖囊腫 branchial cleft cyst 肋裂囊腫 carcinoma of buccal mucosa 頰粘膜癌 carcinoma of gingiva 牙齦癌 carcinoma of lip 唇癌 caries 齲齒 circumvallate papillae 輪廓乳頭 crown fracture 冠折 deciduous teeth
67、;乳牙 dental impaction 牙阻生 dental plaque 菌斑 dental root fracture 根折 denticulus,denticle 髓石 dentoalveolar abscess 牙槽膿腫 drug-induced gingivitis 藥物性齦炎 epulis 齦瘤 filiform papillae 絲狀乳頭 fistula apicalis 根尖瘺管 foliate p
68、apillae 葉狀乳頭 fungiform papillae 菌狀乳頭 gingival abscess 牙齦膿腫 gingivitis 牙齦炎 gingivitis in leukemia 白血病齦炎 injury of teeth 牙損傷 juvenile periodontitis 青少年牙周炎 luxated tooth 牙脫位 lymphoepithelial lesions 淋巴上皮病 missing&
69、#160;tooth 牙脫失 mixed dentition 混合牙列 mixed tumor of salivary gland 涎腺混合瘤 mumps 流行性腮腺炎 nevi 色素痣 occlusion 咬合 palate 腭 paradontoma 牙周膜瘤 parageusia 味覺(jué)異常 paraglossa 舌腫 paraglossia 舌下炎 paralalia 出語(yǔ)障礙,構(gòu)音倒錯(cuò) parotitis 腮
70、腺炎 periapical abscess 根尖膿腫 periapical disease 根尖周病 pericoronitis 冠周炎 periodontitis 牙周炎 permanent teeth 恒牙 pulp horn 髓角 root resorption 牙根吸收 sebaceous cyst 皮脂囊腫 sialolithiasis 涎石病 sublinguitis 舌下腺炎 teeth 牙齒 thyroglos
71、sal tract cyst 甲狀舌管囊腫 tongue 舌 tooth migration 牙移動(dòng) tooth replacement 牙復(fù)位 toothache 牙痛 dental caries n. 齲
72、0; white spot lesion 白惡班損害 wedge-shaped erosion 楔狀缺損 facet-area n. 面,面區(qū)
73、60; dental floss 牙線 brown spot lesion棕褐色的,褐色班損害 remineralization 再礦化 interproximal a. 鄰面
74、160; perikymata n 釉面橫紋 discoloration n. 變色
75、;fissure caries 溝裂,溝裂齲 focus n. 病灶 groove-fossa
76、160;system 窩溝系統(tǒng) cavity preparation 制備,洞型制備,預(yù)備 outline form 外形,洞緣形 resistance form 抗力形
77、 retention form 固位形 convenience form 便利形 varnishing n
78、. 上洞漆 conditioning 指修復(fù)前的一些準(zhǔn)備工作 cavosurface angle 洞緣角 air syringe 噴槍、注射機(jī),氣槍
79、60; cling 附著 microleakage 微漏 amalgam n. 汞合金
80、160; faciolingual a. 面舌的,頰舌的 resin fissure sealant樹(shù)脂窩溝封閉劑 marginal ridge a. 邊緣嵴 mesiodistally
81、160;adv. 近遠(yuǎn)中向地 etchant n. 刻蝕劑 slot restoration 開(kāi)槽性修復(fù)
82、60; round bur 鉆針,球鉆 handpiece n. 牙科用手機(jī) reversible pulpitis 可復(fù)性牙髓炎
83、0; analgesic 、painkiller 止痛藥 sequela n. 后遺癥
84、 irreversible pulpitis 不可復(fù)性牙髓炎 broach 髓針
85、 pulpotomy n. 牙髓切斷術(shù) formocresol n. 甲醛甲酚 ubperiosteal adj.
86、160; 骨膜下的 intraseptal adj. 間隔內(nèi)的 interligamentary adj. 韌帶內(nèi)的 exudates 滲出物,滲出液 &
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